CN111875118A - 一种中药净水器 - Google Patents
一种中药净水器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111875118A CN111875118A CN202010809582.3A CN202010809582A CN111875118A CN 111875118 A CN111875118 A CN 111875118A CN 202010809582 A CN202010809582 A CN 202010809582A CN 111875118 A CN111875118 A CN 111875118A
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- water purification
- purification unit
- filter element
- chinese medicine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种中药净水器，包括净水单元A、净水单元B、净水单元C和净水单元D；所述净水单元A的滤芯主要成分为氯化铁；所述净水单元B的滤芯主要成分为压缩五倍子粉块；所述净水单元C的滤芯主要成分为压缩苦参粉块；所述净水单元D的滤芯主要成分为压缩艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶混合粉块；该净水器的各净水单元配合还能使净化后的水中富含有益人体健康的重要成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及净水技术领域，具体涉及一种中药净水器，不仅能够有效净水、减少化学净水成分的使用，利用中药成分作为滤芯还能够有益人体健康、节能、环保。
背景技术
通常净水器用于家用、商用和户外饮用水的净化，过滤原水去除污染物。自来水厂常加入氯气进行水源消毒，从天然水源转变成普通自来水的过程，一般容易长久伴随重金属(或重金属离子如铅、铬、镉、汞等，主要来源于工业、农业排放污染)、铁锈(自来水输送管道中产生，很难杜绝)、余氯(自来水氧化灭杀微生物消毒时的残留)、细菌微生物(水源自然产生)等不利于人体的成分。
详细地，净水器连接到供水系统以去除自来水中包含的各种固体杂质、漂浮物、细菌、微生物、有机物、农药残留、环境激素和重金属有害成分。目前的滤芯存在以下几个缺陷：目前流行技术是反渗透膜技术，净水器滤芯多为单功能膜过滤生成生活饮用水，滤膜日常使用需要养护且过滤效率越高的滤膜容易堵塞，不利于日常生活操作。且过滤出来的洁净水也不含有有利于人体的成分，不符合时下养生的需求。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种中药净水器，不仅能够有效净水，该净水器的各净水单元配合还能使净化后的水中富含有益人体健康的重要成分，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种中药净水器，包括净水单元A、净水单元B、净水单元C和净水单元D；所述净水单元A的滤芯主要成分为氯化铁；所述净水单元B的滤芯主要成分为压缩五倍子粉块；所述净水单元C的滤芯主要成分为压缩苦参粉块；所述净水单元D的滤芯主要成分为压缩艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶混合粉块。
其中，所述净水单元A的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：0.5-2份氯化铁；所述净水单元B的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：6-8份五倍子；所述净水单元C的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：8-10份苦参；所述净水单元D的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：4-8份艾叶、1-3份马齿苋、1-3份荷叶。
其中，所述净水单元A和净水单元B之间设置有透水隔离滤膜；所述净水单元B和净水单元C之间、净水单元C和净水单元D之间设置有透水隔离滤布。
其中，所述透水隔离滤膜是单层或多层的微滤膜或超滤膜，透水隔离滤布是多层无纺布。
净水单元B的制备方法为：(1)将配方重量的五倍子烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；(2)将研磨好的五倍子粉末用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元B。
净水单元C的制备方法为：(1)将配方重量的苦参烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；(2)将苦参粉末用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元C。
净水单元D的制备方法为：(1)分别将配方重量的艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；(2)将艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元D。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果体现在净水、有益健康和环保节能方面：
1、本发明的净水单元A配方主体为常见净水剂氯化铁。氯化铁是常见的低毒性的净水絮凝剂，易溶于水，Fe3+发生水解，生产Fe(OH)3(胶体)；铁离子在水中水解成氢氧化铁胶体，可以通过扫集、网补等作用使得水中的悬浮物、重金属、泥沙共同沉淀；也可以通过吸附水中的带电离子(如余氯、部分细菌微生物)，带电离子破坏氢氧化铁胶体平衡结构，使氢氧化铁胶体变成沉淀，起净水作用。
2、净水单元A的过滤出来的不溶性沉淀将由包裹滤芯的无纺布隔离，其他透过无纺布的细小残渣和净水单元A中较高浓度的氢氧化铁胶体、铁盐等成分将由净水单元A和净水单元B之间的透水隔离滤膜(单层或多层的微滤膜或超滤膜)隔离在净水单元A之中不流向净水单元B。净水单元A、净水单元B之间使用的透水隔离滤膜是单层或多层的微滤膜或超滤膜。用这样的膜一方面能将胶体、不溶性的铁、锰、甚至浮游生物菌类等除去；另一方面也是因为氯化铁溶于水，防止净水单元A中高浓度的净水剂氯化铁直接溶解在水中进入后续净水单元影响后续净水单元的功效，甚至大量氯化铁摄入对人体容易引发副作用或毒性反应。透水隔离滤膜的隔离氯化铁或其他溶解性铁盐的效果和除菌效果不是百分之百，但后续净水单元亦有相应的下一步处理。
3、本发明中净水单元B配方主体是五倍子。其中五倍子，具有敛肺降火，涩肠止泻，敛汗，止血，收湿敛疮之功效。五倍子中富含鞣酸，鞣酸又称单宁酸，此处应用五倍子的原因有：(1)五倍子中的鞣酸能够与净水单元A中流出的多余溶解性铁离子、铁盐、重金属、蛋白质进行反应形成不溶性沉淀，除去多余的溶解性铁离子、铁盐避免对人体造成损害；同时，利用鞣酸减少铁离子、铁盐的同时，铁离子、铁盐、重金属、蛋白质反过来也能减少鞣酸在水中的含量，避免鞣酸在净化水中含量过高：其一，少量鞣酸对人体是有益的(预防心血管疾病等方面)，大量鞣酸的摄入对人体或有可能造成损害；其二，降低水中鞣酸含量能够减少鞣酸在净水单元C中对强有益成分苦参碱的反应和消耗，加强中药滤芯净化出来的水对于人体的有益效果，同时保留鞣酸和苦参碱的功效；其三，水中的鞣酸和净水单元C中的苦参碱反应获得少量鞣酸苦参碱，有利于胃肠道共同发挥抗炎作用而治疗菌痢、肠炎和腹泻；(3)鞣酸还具有抗氧化、捕捉自由基、抑菌、衍生化反应的特性，能够还原水中多余的氧化剂(次氯酸等)还能够抑菌；因此，净水单元A的氯化铁、净水单元B的五味子、净水单元C的苦参碱其成分和顺序关系均不可改变，才能实现各成分的平衡制约和催化效果，达到最好的功效。
4、本发明中净水单元C配方主体是苦参，苦参，为豆科植物苦参的干燥根，有清热燥湿，杀虫，利尿之功。苦参富含苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、羟基苦参碱等生物碱成分，呈碱性，易溶于酸水，能够中和原水中的盐酸、次氯酸、磷酸等其他酸性物质，或生成络合物沉淀，或缓解原水酸性。苦参一方面能够再次减少水中鞣酸的含量，另一方面还具有清热，燥湿，杀虫，利尿，养肝胆气，安五脏，定志益精，利九窍，除伏热肠澼，止渴，醒酒等方面的效果，对人体非常有利。
5、净水单元B、净水单元C之间，净水单元C、净水单元D之间使用的透水隔离滤布是单层或多层无纺布，包裹各个净水单元的无纺布，主要作用是除去滤芯渣、滤芯成分与原水反应生成的不溶性的沉淀(铁、锰、菌类等的沉淀)的同时，又保留中药滤芯释放的有利于人体的成分，且这样的中药净水滤芯不需要使用成本较高的纳诺滤膜和反渗透膜即可达到良好的净水效果，成本较低且节能环保。
6、本发明中净水单元D配方主体是艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶。艾草具有消炎、止痒、抗菌及抗病毒作用，对于春秋流感高发季小儿易发的哮喘咳嗽，具有一定的预防作用。马齿苋中含有的丰富的有机酸和黄酮类化合物，有杀灭细菌的作用，而且马齿苋中挥发性芳香物质的含量也很高，有抑制细菌生长的作用，防止湿疹等病症；马齿苋对于湿疹、痱子、皮炎导致的瘙痒情况，有很好的缓解作用，且马齿苋性寒，用马齿苋洗澡可以去除体内的燥热之气，促进热毒排出；马齿苋中含有丰富的粘液质，可以在皮肤表层形成一层保护膜，并且还有大量的维生素A和胡萝卜素，可以增加肌肤抵抗力。荷叶也有消炎杀菌的功效。此外荷叶与艾叶配伍使用有较好的抑菌作用，将三者结合使用具有消除经过净水单元A、净水单元B、净水单元C净化的三次净化水中残存余氯的作用和使最终滤芯出水具有镇静、消炎、解暑等方面的功效。
7、直接用药材粉末打浆塑型制成滤芯而非使用萃取中药材提取核心成分来制备滤芯，一方面可以降低成本、萃取中药材的溶剂和高浓度的中药成分不利于人体健康；另一方面，在过滤原水的过程中容易快速消耗或因其他原因降解，中药材直接制备的滤芯可以在原水的不断冲刷和浸润中根据原水的污染物成分缓缓释放生物碱等成分，延长滤芯使用寿命，后续其他滤芯使用中药材直接制备原理亦是如此。中药滤芯的使用寿命约较短，约一到两个星期左右或者在大量使用水的情况下，净水单元D的颜色显著变淡即可替换新的滤芯，虽然替换频率较高，但成本较低并且可以有益人体健康。
虽未一一例举，但富含鞣酸的其他中草药或可替代五倍子，其他富含苦参碱或其他相似功效的生物碱的中药材或可替代苦参，以此类推，简单使用相同成分的中药材和本发明中的思路是一致的。但该中药净水滤芯应当按照发明中所述的净水单元顺序净化原水能够在保证净水效果的同时，达到优秀的有利人体健康的效果。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
不同实施例净水单元配方比例如表1。
表1不同实施例净水单元配方配比
实施例1：S1、净水单元A：(1)将配方重量的氯化铁包裹无纺布然后将其放入相同形状的净水单元A滤芯壳体中，两端再安装上分别连接有进水口和出水口的端盖，做成净水单元A。
S2、净水单元B：(1)将配方重量的五倍子烘干研磨成100目粉末；(2)将研磨好的五倍子粉末放入制浆机内和纯净水进行混合然后通过管道输送至成型机制成柱状滤芯，最后送入烘干箱内进行脱水，脱水后的滤芯外层再包裹无纺布然将其放入相同形状的净水单元B滤芯壳体中，两端再安装上分别连接有进水口和出水口的端盖，做成净水单元B。
S3、净水单元C：(1)将配方重量的苦参烘干研磨成100目粉末；(2)将苦参粉末放入制浆机内和纯净水进行混合然后通过管道输送至成型机制成柱状滤芯，最后送入烘干箱内进行脱水，脱水后的滤芯外层再包裹无纺布然后将其放入相同形状的净水单元C滤芯壳体中，两端再安装上分别连接有进水口和出水口的端盖，做成净水单元C。
S4、净水单元D：(1)分别将配方重量的艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶烘干研磨成100目粉末；(2)将艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶依次放入制浆机内和纯净水进行混合然后通过管道输送至成型机制成柱状滤芯，最后送入烘干箱内进行脱水，脱水后的滤芯外层再包裹无纺布然后将其放入相同形状的净水单元D滤芯壳体中，两端再安装上分别连接有进水口和出水口的端盖，做成净水单元D。
S5、透水隔离滤膜为单层微滤膜，透水隔离滤布为单层无纺布。将净水单元D、透水隔离滤布、净水单元C、透水隔离滤布、净水单元B、透水隔离滤膜、净水单元A依次从下往上放入中药净水滤芯壳体中，安装好端盖和进出水管。内部构造不论怎样设置，原水流入途径为进水口→净水单元A→透水隔离滤膜→净水单元B→透水隔离滤布→净水单元C→透水隔离滤布→净水单元D→出水口。
实施例2：配方依照表1，与实施例1制备方法的区别在于，将中药材烘干研磨成120目粉末，透水隔离滤膜为单层超滤膜，透水隔离滤布为单层无纺布。
实施例3：配方依照表1，与实施例1制备方法的区别在于，将中药材烘干研磨成170目粉末，透水隔离滤膜为多层微滤膜，透水隔离滤布为多层无纺布。
实施例4：配方依照表1，与实施例1制备方法的区别在于，将中药材烘干研磨成200目粉末，透水隔离滤膜为多层超滤膜，透水隔离滤布为多层无纺布。
性能测试方面：
1、按照自来水原水和实施例1-4的方法制备中药净水滤芯进行净水效果的检测，自来水原水和实施例1-4中药净水滤芯净化水的水质检验方法按照GB5750生活饮用水标准检验法进行检测，得出结果如表2所示。
2、按照实施例4的方法制备中药净水滤芯进行净水效果持续性检测(流速6.5L/m，水压0.1mpa，温度38℃)，得出结果如表3所示。
3、对于人体有益方面，对净化后的水中含有苦参碱等中药成分，成分各不相同具体定量较为困难，以主要对人体更为有益的苦参总生物碱作为目标来进行鉴定。取实施例1-4中药净水滤芯过滤后的水和原水各5L，在常温下减压蒸馏浓缩水溶剂，加入适量标准浓度的盐酸溶液，继续在常温下减压蒸馏得到250ml水样。将收集的水样置于阳离子交换树脂进行交换(直至交换液无明显的生物碱反应为止)，去除杂质抽干并晾干。往晾干的阳离子交换树脂加入适量浓氨水，放置20min后加入索氏提取器中用三氯甲烷回流洗脱，提至洗脱液无明显生物碱反应。在常温下减压蒸馏回收三氯甲烷得油状粘稠液体，最后用无水丙酮溶解油状粘稠液体，过滤回收溶剂脱除生物碱中的水，在无水丙酮中重结晶得到苦参总生物碱。用碘化铋钾试剂对所得总生物碱进行鉴别，若生成橘红色沉淀即为包含苦参总生物碱，得出结果如表2所示。持续释放有效成分方面，在每个阶段提取5L净化水通过上述实验进行苦参总生物碱的鉴定，得出结果如表3所示。
表2自来水原水和实施例1-4中药净水滤芯净化水质的检测结果
表3实施例4中药净水滤芯持续净水效果
由表2中的自来水原水和实施例1-4中药净水滤芯净化水质的检测结果可以看出，发明所制备中药净水滤芯具有较好的净水效果，基本能够达到生活用水的标准。经过实施例1-4中药净水滤芯净化后的水通过碘化铋钾试剂鉴别，都产生橘红色沉淀，证明中药净水滤芯净化后的水包含了苦参总生物碱等对人体有益的中药成分，生活使用有利于人体健康。并且使用该中药净水滤芯净水的COD需氧量略高于标准是因为水中含有中药有益健康的有机成分，具有清热、杀菌等功效，可以用于日常饮水或洗漱等生活日用，正是本发明特点所在。
由表3中的实施例4中药净水滤芯持续净水效果可以看出，随着5-200L原水净水，COD需氧量呈现下降趋势但能检测到苦参总生物碱，证明中药有机成分不断溶于水中，随着净水量的增加而逐渐下降，200-400L净水过程中，COD需氧量的上升则是因为中药净水滤芯的过滤效果下降导致，特别是在250-400L净水过程中逐渐无法检测到苦参总生物碱，说明滤芯中的中药成分基本消耗完毕。所以中药净水滤芯提倡在使用一星期到两星期或者净水单元D的颜色明显出现变化时进行更换，以保证净水效果和有益成分的浓度。
Claims (7)
1.一种中药净水器，包括净水单元A、净水单元B、净水单元C和净水单元D；其特征在于：所述净水单元A的滤芯主要成分为氯化铁；所述净水单元B的滤芯主要成分为压缩五倍子粉块；所述净水单元C的滤芯主要成分为压缩苦参粉块；所述净水单元D的滤芯主要成分为压缩艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶混合粉块。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药净水器，其特征在于：所述净水单元A的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：0.5-2份氯化铁；所述净水单元B的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：6-8份五倍子；所述净水单元C的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：8-10份苦参；所述净水单元D的滤芯配方按重量份数包括：4-8份艾叶、1-3份马齿苋、1-3份荷叶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药净水器，其特征在于：所述净水单元A和净水单元B之间设置有透水隔离滤膜；所述净水单元B和净水单元C之间、净水单元C和净水单元D之间设置有透水隔离滤布。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中药净水器，其特征在于：所述透水隔离滤膜是单层或多层的微滤膜或超滤膜，透水隔离滤布是多层无纺布。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述中药净水器，其特征在于：所述净水单元B的制备方法为：（1）将配方重量的五倍子烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；（2）将研磨好的五倍子粉末用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元B。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述中药净水器，其特征在于：所述净水单元C的制备方法为：（1）将配方重量的苦参烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；（2）将苦参粉末用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元C。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述中药净水器，其特征在于：所述净水单元D的制备方法为：（1）分别将配方重量的艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶烘干研磨成100-200目粉末；（2）将艾叶、马齿苋、荷叶用粉末成型机压制成多孔的固态滤芯，做成净水单元D。
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