CN111865384A - Generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and improvement method of modulation constellation thereof - Google Patents

Generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and improvement method of modulation constellation thereof Download PDF

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CN111865384A
CN111865384A CN202010693008.6A CN202010693008A CN111865384A CN 111865384 A CN111865384 A CN 111865384A CN 202010693008 A CN202010693008 A CN 202010693008A CN 111865384 A CN111865384 A CN 111865384A
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index
vector
antenna
space
pam
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黄福春
詹宜巨
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0697—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using spatial multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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Abstract

The invention discloses a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and an improvement method of modulation constellation thereof, comprising a bit stream separator which divides an input data stream into three data blocks: the two data blocks are respectively mapped into PAM and QAM constellation symbols; one data chunk is separated into four index chunks: vector index, two groups of antenna indexes, switch index. Determining a transmission space vector of the combination of the two space vectors by using the vector index; a space vector is obtained by modulating a PAM symbol by the antenna index vector and then converting the PAM symbol into a real or virtual space vector by utilizing the switch index and a group of antenna indexes; and the other space vector is obtained by modulating the QAM symbol by the antenna index vector by using the other group of antenna indexes. Furthermore, an improved PAM constellation is designed. The invention utilizes the multidimensional space index to transmit more additional information, and enhances the minimum Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors and improves the performance of the wireless communication system through the improved PAM constellation.

Description

Generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and improvement method of modulation constellation thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional indexes and an improvement method of a modulation constellation thereof.
Background
Compared with the vertical bell laboratory layered space-time scheme, the Spatial Modulation (SM) technology can significantly overcome the inter-channel interference and reduce the detection complexity of the receiver. By mining the spatial domain, the SM scheme not only carries information bits through constellation symbols (e.g., QAM/PSK), but also carries information bits by activating antenna indexes of one transmit antenna.
One extension of SM, known as Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM), allows multiple active transmit antennas to transmit a data symbol simultaneously, thereby achieving diversity gain and improving spectral efficiency. To achieve multiplexing gain, a Multiple Active spatial modulation (MA-SM) scheme and a Generalized Spatial Index Modulation (GSIM) scheme, which activate Multiple antennas, transmit different data symbols on the activated Multiple transmit antennas.
In recent years, to obtain both Spatial gain and diversity gain, the core idea of SM is extended to the same phase and orthogonal index dimensions, called orthogonal Spatial Modulation (QSM), which transmits more extra index bits than SM. Recently, improved SM (ESM) has been proposed to transmit a conventional constellation symbol (e.g., QAM Modulation symbol) when one transmit antenna is activated in a slot, or transmit two secondary constellation symbols when two transmit antennas are activated. The idea of ESM is to increase the number of antenna indices to transmit more extra information bits by combining signal constellation design with the number of active transmit antennas.
In summary, in the prior art, mining of a space domain and a signal constellation domain has low data transmission rate and limited performance gain, and the performance of wireless communication still needs to be improved, so we propose a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and an improvement method of a modulation constellation thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index and an improved method of modulation constellation thereof, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, dividing the bit number of an input data block into three data blocks by a bit stream separator;
step 2, the PAM modulator maps the bit number of one data block to an M-PAM modulation constellation;
step 3, the QAM modulator maps the bit number of one data block to an L-QAM modulation constellation;
step 4, the spatial index bit separator divides the bit number of one data block into four index blocks;
step 5, mapping an index block to an antenna index vector in an index vector set in the antenna indexer A; modulating a PAM modulation symbol by using the antenna index vector obtained by mapping, wherein each activated transmitting antenna is used for transmitting one PAM modulation symbol; finally, a space vector is obtained.
And 6, mapping an index block to an antenna index vector in an index vector set in the antenna indexer B, and modulating the QAM modulation symbol by using the antenna index vector obtained by mapping, wherein each activated transmitting antenna is used for transmitting a QAM modulation symbol to finally obtain a space vector.
And 7, in the switch indexer, controlling two states by using an index block to convert the space vector obtained in the step 5 into a real or virtual space vector.
And 8, combining the two vectors obtained in the steps 6 and 7 into a plurality of forms of transmitting space vectors in a space vector combiner, and then selecting one form as the transmitting space vector by utilizing an index block.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, an operation method for dividing an input data stream into three data blocks includes: the bit stream separator divides the number of bits of an input data block B into three data blocks B1， B2，B3(ii) a In step 2, the PAM modulator converts a data block B1Mapping to alpha M-PAM modulation symbols (e.g., s)1,…,sα) M represents the number of constellation points of the PAM signal; in step 3, the QAM modulator converts a data block B2To beta L-QAM modulation symbols (e.g.,
Figure BDA0002590020170000031
) L represents the number of QAM signal constellation points; spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3Divided into four sub-blocks of data.
In a preferred embodiment, the spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3The specific operation of dividing into four data sub-blocks is as follows: spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3Dividing into four data sub-blocks: b is3＝IA+IB+Ik+ISIn which IA＝log2(NA)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000032
Selecting an antenna index vector from a set of vectors that activates a particular combination of transmit antennas, the vector to modulate a M-PAM constellation symbols; i isB＝log2(NB)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000033
For from sets of vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000034
Selects an antenna index vector that activates a particular combination of beta transmit antennas, which will modulate beta L-QAM (L ≧ 4) constellation symbols, note TX1+TX2＝Nt；Ik＝log2|Ik|＝1，Ik1,2 is a set of switch indices; i isS＝log2|IS1, | wherein IS1,2 is a set of vector indices.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 5, the mapping procedure of the antenna mapper a is as follows: in the antenna mapper A, IA＝log2(NA) The number of information bits is mapped to a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000035
An antenna index vector a ini，i∈{1,L,NA}. Wherein
Figure BDA0002590020170000036
Omega is expressed in TX1A set of antenna index vectors for all possible combinations of transmit antennas that activate alpha transmit antennas. Antenna index vector a iAlpha non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating alpha M-PAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V1。
In a preferred embodiment, in step 6, the mapping procedure of the antenna mapper B is as follows: in the antenna mapper B, IB＝log2(NB) The number of information bits is mapped to a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000037
One antenna index vector B inl，l∈{1,L,NB}. Wherein
Figure BDA0002590020170000041
Is shown at TX2A set of antenna index vectors for all possible combinations of transmit antennas that activate the beta transmit antennas. And an antenna index vector BlThe beta non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are used for modulating beta L-QAM modulation symbols respectively, thereby obtaining a space vector V2。
In a preferred embodiment, in step 7, the switching process of the switch indexer includes: in the switch control module, we use a switch index IkUsing the space vector V obtained in step 5 for 1 bit1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000042
The aim is to transmit one more index bit through two orthogonal states {1, j }, thus resulting in a space vector V1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000043
In two cases are
Figure BDA0002590020170000044
In the formula, tau ∈ IkIs the index state of the virtual-real transition.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 8, the process of generating the transmit space vector is as follows: in the spatial vector combiner module, we combine the two vectors obtained in steps 6 and 7
Figure BDA0002590020170000045
And V2Are combined into two forms of transmitting spatial vectors. Thus, the system can transmit one more index bit using I S1 bit from the spatial vector set omegaS＝{S0,S1Choose to send space vector S. Two forms of transmit space vectors are as follows:
Figure BDA0002590020170000046
in the formula, xi is belonged to ISIs the index state of the transmit space vector.
A modulation constellation improvement method of a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional indexes comprises the following steps:
s1, according to two parameters xi and tau, four cases of Euclidean distance between two emission space vectors can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002590020170000051
S2, according to the transmitting space vector being S, since the transmitting power follows P ═ 1, the transmitting space vector S can be normalized to
Figure RE-GDA0002695775350000051
EavRepresenting the average energy of each transmit space vector S. And because the traditional M-PAM constellation has min { | s | s |)21 and the conventional L-QAM constellation has
Figure RE-GDA0002695775350000052
The mean squared minimum euclidean distance between two transmit space vectors can be calculated as
Figure BDA0002590020170000054
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002590020170000055
this item
Figure BDA0002590020170000056
Under two conditions
Figure BDA0002590020170000057
Figure BDA0002590020170000058
And (6) determining. When one PAM modulation symbol and one QAM modulation symbol are transmitted on the same transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0002590020170000059
By the conditions
Figure BDA00025900201700000510
And (6) determining.
S3, based on the design idea that the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is equal to the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the modulation symbols of the traditional constellation, the improved PAM constellation diagram can be designed to be
Figure BDA00025900201700000511
S4, applying the improved PAM constellation diagram designed in the step S3 to a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index, wherein the minimum Euclidean square distance between every two transmitting space vectors in the modulation system is
Figure BDA00025900201700000512
In a preferred embodiment, after the obtained transmit space vector passes through a wireless rayleigh fading channel and a gaussian white noise, a receive space signal vector is calculated and detected in a receiving end, comprising the following steps:
(1) the resulting transmit space vector
Figure BDA00025900201700000610
After passing through a wireless rayleigh fading channel and gaussian white noise, the calculation can be:
Figure BDA0002590020170000061
Figure BDA0002590020170000062
is a received signal vector, Rayleigh fading channel matrix
Figure BDA0002590020170000063
The mean value of each element subject to independent and same distribution is 0, and the variance is 1;
Figure BDA0002590020170000064
the mean value of each element subject to independent same distribution is 0, and the variance is
Figure BDA0002590020170000065
Gaussian distribution of additive white gaussian noise;
(2) detecting a received spatial signal vector by using a maximum likelihood algorithm, as follows:
Figure BDA0002590020170000066
in the formula: i | · | purple wind2Representing the Frobenius norm.
Figure BDA0002590020170000067
Respectively, representing the detected transmit antenna index bits.
Figure BDA0002590020170000068
Respectively representing the detected switch and the vector index number.
Figure BDA0002590020170000069
Respectively representing detected PAM symbols and QAM symbols.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention aims to utilize two different signal constellations to mine a spatial domain so as to expand an index dimension, thereby transmitting more extra information bits and further improving the data transmission rate and the reliability of wireless communication transmission. In order to further excavate the space gain of the signal constellation domain, an improved PAM constellation diagram design method is also provided, the minimum Euclidean distance of the square between every two transmitting space vectors is enhanced, and finally the reliability of the wireless communication system is further improved. To Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) and Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) techniques, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques, Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) techniques, and squared minimum euclidean distances between transmit spatial vectors.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index according to an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure: 1 bit stream separator, 2 constellation symbol modulator, 3 space index bit stream separator, 4 space vector generator, 5 emission space vector combiner;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a modulation system model of a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention, which provides a GSM-MIM modulation system at 4TX8b with the number of receiving antennas N r4 and 8TX13b and 8TX14b and the number of receive antennas NrSimulation graph in case 8;
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the GSM-MIM modulation system has different numbers of transmitting antennasSimulation graphs of the transmission rate, which are 6TX10b, 6TX11b and 6TX13b and the number of receiving antennas Nr＝4。
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a generalized spatial modulation system based on multi-dimensional index according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a bit stream separator 1 for dividing an input data stream into three data blocks;
A PAM and QAM modulator 2 for mapping the two data blocks into PAM and QAM modulation constellation symbols respectively;
a spatial index bit stream separator 3 for separating one data block into four index blocks;
two space vector generators 4, one space vector generator, for using two index blocks to convert the antenna index vector modulated PAM constellation symbol into real or virtual space vector; and the other space vector generator is used for modulating the QAM constellation symbols by the antenna index vector by utilizing an index block to obtain a space vector.
And a transmitting space vector combiner 5 for determining a transmitting space vector of the two space vector combinations by using one index block. As shown in fig. 2, the generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, dividing the bit number of an input data block B into three data blocks B by a bit stream separator1，B2， B3；
S102, a PAM modulator converts a data block B1Mapping to alpha M-PAM modulation symbols (e.g., s)1,…,sα) M represents the number of constellation points of the PAM signal,QAM modulator converts a data block B2To beta L-QAM modulation symbols (e.g.,
Figure BDA0002590020170000081
) L represents the number of QAM signal constellation points;
S103, the spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3Divided into four data sub-blocks: b is3＝IA+IB+Ik+ISIn which IA＝log2(NA)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000082
Selecting an antenna index vector from the vector set that activates a specific combination of transmitting antennas, the vector modulating a M-PAM constellation symbols; i isB＝log2(NB)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000083
For from sets of vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000084
Selects an antenna index vector that activates a particular combination of beta transmit antennas that will modulate beta L-QAM (L ≧ 4) constellation symbols, note TX1+TX2＝Nt；Ik＝log2|Ik|＝1，Ik1,2 is a set of switch indices; i isS＝log2|IS1, | wherein IS1,2 is a vector index set;
s104: by using the switch index and a group of antenna indexes, one space vector is obtained by converting an antenna index vector modulation PAM symbol into a real or virtual space vector, another group of antenna indexes is used, another space vector is obtained by modulating a QAM constellation symbol by an antenna index vector, and a transmitting space vector combined by the two space vectors is determined by using the vector indexes, and in addition, the transmitting space vector is generated in the following specific mode:
s104-1, in the antenna mapper A, IA＝log2(NA) The number of information bits is mapped to a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000091
An antenna index vector a ini，i∈{1,L,NA}. Wherein
Figure BDA0002590020170000092
Ω denotes a set of antenna index vectors that activate all possible combinations of α transmit antennas among TX1 transmit antennas. Antenna index vector a iAlpha non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating alpha M-PAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V1；
S104-2, in the antenna mapper B, IB＝log2(NB) The number of information bits is mapped to a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000093
One antenna index vector B inl，l∈{1,L,NBTherein of
Figure BDA0002590020170000094
Figure BDA0002590020170000095
A set of antenna index vectors representing all possible combinations of activating beta transmit antennas in TX2 transmit antennas. And the sky line vector BlThe beta non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating beta L-QAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V2；
S104-3, in the switch control module, a switch index I is usedkThe space vector V obtained in step S104-1 is applied to 1 bit1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000096
The purpose is to transmit one more index bit through two orthogonal states {1, j }, thus making the space vector V1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000097
In two cases are
Figure BDA0002590020170000098
In the formula, tau ∈ IkIs the index state of the virtual-real transition;
s104-4, in the space vector combiner module, we get two vectors from S104-2 and S104-3
Figure BDA0002590020170000099
And V2Are combined into two forms of transmit spatial vectors. Thus, the system can transmit one more index bit using I S1-bit from the spatial vector set omegaS＝{S0,S1Choose to send the space vector S. Two forms of transmit space vectors are as follows:
Figure BDA0002590020170000101
in the formula, xi is belonged to ISIs the index state of the transmit space vector;
s105: after the obtained transmitting space vector passes through a wireless Rayleigh fading channel and Gaussian white noise, a receiving space signal vector is calculated and detected in a receiving end, and the specific mode is as follows:
s105-1, the resulting transmit space vector
Figure BDA0002590020170000102
After passing through a wireless rayleigh fading channel and gaussian white noise, the calculation can be:
Figure BDA0002590020170000103
Figure BDA0002590020170000104
is a receptionSignal vector, Rayleigh fading channel matrix
Figure BDA0002590020170000105
The mean value of each element subject to independent and same distribution is 0, and the variance is 1;
Figure BDA0002590020170000106
the mean value of each element subject to independent same distribution is 0, and the variance is
Figure BDA0002590020170000107
Gaussian distribution of additive white gaussian noise;
s105-2, detecting a receiving space signal vector by using a maximum likelihood algorithm, as follows:
Figure BDA0002590020170000108
in the formula: i | · | purple wind2Representing the Frobenius norm.
Figure BDA0002590020170000109
Respectively, representing the detected transmit antenna index bits.
Figure BDA00025900201700001010
Respectively representing the detected switch and the vector index number.
Figure BDA00025900201700001011
Respectively representing detected PAM symbols and QAM symbols.
A modulation constellation improvement method of a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional indexes comprises the following steps:
S1, according to two parameters xi and tau, four cases of Euclidean distance between two emission space vectors can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002590020170000111
S2, according to the transmitting space vector being S, since the transmitting power follows P ═ 1, the transmitting space vector S can be normalized to
Figure RE-GDA0002695775350000107
EavRepresenting the average energy of each transmit space vector S. And because the traditional M-PAM constellation has min { | s | s |)21 and the conventional L-QAM constellation has
Figure RE-GDA0002695775350000108
The mean squared minimum euclidean distance between two transmit space vectors can be calculated as
Figure BDA0002590020170000114
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002590020170000115
this item
Figure BDA0002590020170000116
Under two conditions
Figure BDA0002590020170000117
Figure BDA0002590020170000118
And (6) determining. When one PAM modulation symbol and one QAM modulation symbol are transmitted on the same transmitting antenna
Figure BDA0002590020170000119
By the conditions
Figure BDA00025900201700001110
And (6) determining.
S3, based on the design idea that the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is equal to the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the modulation symbols of the traditional constellation, the improved PAM constellation diagram can be designed to be
Figure BDA00025900201700001111
S4, applying the improved PAM constellation diagram designed in the step S3 to a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional index, wherein the minimum Euclidean square distance between every two transmitting space vectors in the modulation system is
Figure BDA0002590020170000121
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming process of a transmitting space vector, which comprises the following steps:
Modulation system considering GSM-MIM, with NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrA transmitting antenna as shown in fig. 3. Suppose that m-I is within one transmitted symbol durationC+ISITransmitting information bits of which ICRepresenting the number of signal constellation mapping information bits, ISIIndicating the number of spatial index information bits. In particular, we define IC＝αlog2M+βlog2And L, wherein M and L are the constellation point number of M-PAM and the constellation point number of L-QAM respectively, and alpha (or beta) represents the number of modulation symbols. Furthermore, we define ISI＝IA+IB+Ik+ISIn which IA＝log2(NA)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000122
For selecting from the set of vectors an antenna index vector that activates a specific combination of transmitting antennas, this vector will modulate a M-PAM constellation symbols. I isB＝log2(NB)，
Figure BDA0002590020170000123
For from sets of vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000125
Selects an antenna index vector which can activate a specific combination of beta transmitting antennas, and the vector modulates beta L-QAM (L is more than or equal to 4) constellation symbols. Note that TX1+TX2＝Nt，Ik＝log2|Ik1, | wherein Ik1,2 is a set of switch indices and IS＝log2|IS1, | wherein IS1,2 is a set of vector indices.
In the signal constellation mapper, α log2M information bit numbers are mapped to alpha M-PAM modulation symbols (e.g., s)1,...,sα)。βlog2The L information bit numbers are mapped to the beta L-QAM modulation symbols (e.g.,
Figure BDA0002590020170000124
)。
In the antenna mapper A, IA＝log2(NA) The number of information bits is used to derive a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000131
In which one antenna index vector A is selectedi，i∈{1,L,NATherein of
Figure BDA0002590020170000132
Omega is expressed in TX1A set of antenna index vectors for all possible combinations of transmit antennas that activate alpha transmit antennas. In the antenna mapper B, IB＝log2(NB) The number of information bits is used to derive a set of spatial vectors
Figure BDA0002590020170000133
To select an antenna index vector Bl，l∈{1,L,NBTherein of
Figure BDA0002590020170000134
Is shown at TX2A set of antenna index vectors for all possible combinations of transmit antennas that activate the beta transmit antennas. Antenna index vector aiOf a non-zero element corresponding to the transmitting antennaIs used for modulating alpha M-PAM modulation symbols respectively so as to obtain a space vector V1. And an antenna index vector BlThe beta non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating beta L-QAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V2。
In the switch control module, we use a switch index IkControlling a space vector V at 1 bit1The conversion between real and virtual. The purpose is to transmit one more index bit through two orthogonal states {1, j }, thus making the space vector V1The real and the imaginary conversion of all the elements in the Chinese character are obtained
Figure BDA0002590020170000135
In the formula, tau ∈ IkIs the index state of the virtual-real transition.
In addition, in order to further mine the spatial domain, one more index bit is transmitted, and in the space vector combiner module, I is used S1-bit from the spatial vector set omegaS＝{S0,S1One sending space vector S is selected from the previous sequence, and then a sending space vector S is obtained
Figure BDA0002590020170000136
In the formula, xi is belonged to ISIs the index state of the transmit space vector.
Further illustrating the main operating principle of the GSM-MIM transmitter. Several examples of forming a GSM-MIM symbol are given in table 1. Suppose that
Figure BDA0002590020170000141
NtModulation symbol s ═ x of 4, M-PAM1Modulation symbol of L-QAM
Figure BDA0002590020170000142
As shown in table 1:
table 1 mapping rule for forming a transmit space vector in a GSM-MIM transmitting end system
Figure BDA0002590020170000143
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to simulations.
To further illustrate the advantages of the GSM-MIM modulation system, monte carlo simulations were performed on the GSM-MIM modulation system under the interference of rayleigh fading channel and additive gaussian noise, and compared with other spatial modulation systems (QSM, ESM, GSIM). Assuming that the channel state information is known by the receiving end, the channel state information is unknown by the transmitting end, and the transmission power follows P ═ 1. To further illustrate the reliability of GSM-MIM, we consider the parameters of the transmit antenna number allocation:
Figure BDA0002590020170000144
p1TXp2b denotes a GSM-MIM symbol at p1Root transmitting antenna transmission p2The number of bits. Furthermore, we define the basis of the parameter (n)aM' -ary) GSIM modulation system, in which n aM' -ary denotes the number of activated transmit antennas and the modulation order, respectively, and defines a GSM-MIM based on parameters (α, β, M, L).
As shown in fig. 4, a comparison of bit error rate performance for different transmission rates and different numbers of transmit antennas is described. At 4TX8b and NrIn case of 4, the simulation describes a GSM-MIM scheme based on parameters (1,1,2,8), a QSM scheme employing 16QAM, an ESM scheme employing 16QAM, and a GSIM scheme based on parameters (2, 8); under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio, the GSM-MIM has better error rate performance than the GSIM; at high signal-to-noise ratios, the bit error rate performance of GSM-MIM is slightly inferior to that of the GSIM scheme. In both cases 8TX13b and 8TX14b and NrIn case of 8, the GSM-MIM modulation system corresponding to parameters (1,3,2,2-4) and (1,3,2,4), respectively, obviously achieves a more significant signal-to-noise ratio gain compared to the bit error rate performance of the GSM-MIM modulation system.
As shown in FIG. 5, the same number of transmit antennas and different transmission rates are describedBit error rate performance comparison. As can be seen from the simulation chart, the GSM-MIM has more obvious bit error rate gain than the GSIM under the condition of the same transmission rate. At a bit error rate of 10 -3In the case of 6TX10b, 6TX11b and 6TX13b, the gains of the snr obtained are 1.8dB, 1.6dB and 5dB, respectively, compared with the bit error rate performance of GSIM.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional indexes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing the bit number of an input data block into three data blocks by a bit stream separator;
step 2, the PAM modulator maps the bit number of one data block to an M-PAM modulation constellation;
step 3, the QAM modulator maps the bit number of one data block to an L-QAM modulation constellation;
step 4, the spatial index bit separator divides the bit number of one data block into four index blocks;
step 5, mapping an index block to an antenna index vector in an index vector set in the antenna indexer A; modulating a PAM modulation symbol by using the antenna index vector obtained by mapping, wherein each activated transmitting antenna is used for transmitting one PAM modulation symbol; finally, a space vector is obtained.
And step 6, mapping an index block to an antenna index vector in the index vector set in the antenna indexer B, and modulating the QAM modulation symbol by using the antenna index vector obtained by mapping, wherein each activated transmitting antenna is used for transmitting a QAM modulation symbol, and finally obtaining a space vector.
And 7, in the switch indexer, controlling two states by using an index block to convert the space vector obtained in the step 5 into a real or virtual space vector.
And 8, combining the two vectors obtained in the steps 6 and 7 into a plurality of forms of transmitting space vectors in a space vector combiner, and then selecting one form as the transmitting space vector by utilizing an index block.
2. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, an operation method for dividing an input data stream into three data blocks is as follows: the bit stream separator divides the number of bits of an input data block B into three data blocks B1，B2，B3(ii) a In step 2, the PAM modulator converts a data block B1Mapping to alpha M-PAM modulation symbols (e.g., s)1,…,sα) M represents the number of constellation points of the PAM signal; in step 3, the QAM modulator converts a data block B 2To beta L-QAM modulation symbols (e.g.,
Figure FDA0002590020160000011
) L represents the number of QAM signal constellation points; spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3Divided into four sub-blocks of data.
3. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 2, wherein: the spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3The specific operation of dividing into four data sub-blocks is: spatial index bit separator separates a data block B3Divided into four data sub-blocks: b is3＝IA+IB+Ik+ISIn which IA＝log2(NA)，
Figure FDA0002590020160000021
Selecting an antenna index vector from the vector set that activates a specific combination of transmitting antennas, the vector modulating a M-PAM constellation symbols; i isB＝log2(NB)，
Figure FDA0002590020160000022
For from sets of vectors
Figure FDA0002590020160000028
Selects an antenna index vector that activates a particular combination of beta transmit antennas, which will modulate beta L-QAM (L ≧ 4) constellation symbols, note TX1+TX2＝Nt；Ik＝log2|Ik|＝1，Ik1,2 is a set of switch indices; i isS＝log2|IS1, | wherein IS1,2 is a set of vector indices.
4. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 5, the mapping process of the antenna mapper a is as follows: in the antenna mapper A, IA＝log2(NA) The number of information bits is mapped to a set of spatial vectors
Figure FDA0002590020160000023
An antenna index vector a ini，i∈{1,L,NA}. Wherein
Figure FDA0002590020160000024
Omega is expressed in TX1A set of antenna index vectors for all possible antenna index combinations of the transmit antennas that activate the a transmit antennas. Antenna index vector aiAlpha non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating alpha M-PAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V1。
5. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 6, the mapping process of the antenna mapper B is: in the antenna mapper B, IB＝log2(NB) Information bitNumber mapping to a set of spatial vectors
Figure FDA0002590020160000025
One antenna index vector B inl，l∈{1,L,NB}. Wherein
Figure FDA0002590020160000026
Figure FDA0002590020160000027
Is shown at TX2A set of antenna index vectors for all possible antenna index combinations of the transmit antennas that activate the beta transmit antennas. And an antenna index vector BlThe beta non-zero elements corresponding to the transmitting antenna are respectively used for modulating beta L-QAM modulation symbols, thereby obtaining a space vector V2。
6. The generalized spatial modulation system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 7, the switching process of the switch indexer includes: in the switch control module, we use a switch index I kUsing the space vector V obtained in step 5 for 1 bit1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure FDA0002590020160000031
The purpose is to transmit one more index bit through two orthogonal states {1, j }, thus making the space vector V1Conversion into real or imaginary spatial vectors
Figure FDA0002590020160000032
In two cases are
Figure FDA0002590020160000033
In the formula, tau ∈ IkIs the index state of the virtual-real transition.
7. According to claim 1The generalized spatial modulation system based on the multidimensional index is characterized in that: in step 8, the process of generating the emission space vector is as follows: in the space vector combiner module, we combine the two vectors obtained in steps 6 and 7
Figure FDA0002590020160000034
And V2Are combined into two forms of transmit spatial vectors. Thus, the system can transmit one more index bit using IS1-bit from the spatial vector set omegaS＝{S0,S1Choose to send space vector S. Two forms of transmit space vectors are as follows:
Figure FDA0002590020160000035
in the formula, xi is belonged to ISIs the index state of the transmit space vector.
8. The method for improving modulation constellation of generalized spatial modulation system based on multi-dimensional index according to claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, according to two parameters xi and tau, four cases of Euclidean distance between two emission space vectors can be expressed as
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000036
S2, according to the transmitting space vector being S, since the transmitting power follows P ═ 1, the transmitting space vector S can be normalized to
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000037
EavRepresents the average energy per transmitted space vector S and has min { | S | due to the conventional M-PAM constellation21 and the conventional L-QAM constellation has
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000041
Then two by two transmit space vectorsThe mean squared minimum euclidean distance between can be calculated as
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000042
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000043
this item
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000044
Under two conditions
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000045
And (6) determining. When one PAM modulation symbol and one QAM modulation symbol are transmitted on the same transmitting antenna
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000046
By the conditions
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000047
Determining;
s3, based on the design idea that the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the emission space vectors is equal to the squared minimum Euclidean distance between the modulation symbols of the traditional constellation, the improved PAM constellation diagram can be designed to be
s'∈{-2·n,…,-2,2,…,2·n},
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000048
S4, applying the improved PAM constellation diagram designed in the step S3 to a generalized spatial modulation system based on multidimensional indexes, wherein the minimum Euclidean square distance between every two transmitting space vectors in the modulation system is
Figure RE-FDA0002695775340000049
9. The improved method for the generalized spatial modulation system and modulation constellation based on multi-dimensional index as claimed in claims 1 to 8, wherein: after the obtained transmitting space vector passes through a wireless Rayleigh fading channel and Gaussian white noise, a receiving space signal vector is calculated and detected in a receiving end, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The resulting transmit space vector
Figure FDA00025900201600000510
After passing through a wireless rayleigh fading channel and gaussian white noise, the calculation can be:
Figure FDA0002590020160000051
Figure FDA0002590020160000052
is a received signal vector, Rayleigh fading channel matrix
Figure FDA0002590020160000053
The mean value of each element subject to independent and same distribution is 0, and the variance is 1;
Figure FDA0002590020160000054
the mean value of each element subject to independent same distribution is 0, and the variance is
Figure FDA0002590020160000055
Gaussian distribution of additive white gaussian noise;
(2) detecting a received spatial signal vector by using a maximum likelihood algorithm, as follows:
Figure FDA0002590020160000056
in the formula: i | · | purple wind2Represents Frobenius norm.
Figure FDA0002590020160000057
Respectively, indicating the detected transmit antenna index bits.
Figure FDA0002590020160000058
Respectively representing the detected switch and the vector index number.
Figure FDA0002590020160000059
Respectively representing the detected PAM symbols and QAM symbols.
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