CN111864044A - Automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration and street lamp - Google Patents
Automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration and street lamp Download PDFInfo
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of optical devices, and discloses an automatic on-off device and a street lamp based on a radiation refrigeration technology, aiming at solving the problems of short service life, low conversion efficiency, electric energy storage requirement and the like of the existing solar cell street lamp, wherein the working wavelength is infrared light, and at night, under the condition that the side of a thermoelectric generator facing the sky is isolated from conduction and convection, the temperature of the side of the thermoelectric generator is reduced by using a radiation refrigerator, so that the side of the thermoelectric generator is lower than the ambient temperature, and the temperature difference is generated at the two ends of the other side of the thermoelectric generator due to the ambient heating so as to pass through; in the daytime, the solar radiation heating counteracts the temperature difference generated by radiation refrigeration, and the thermoelectric generator does not work, so that the circuit is broken in the daytime; by using the technical scheme, the automatic on-off device can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical devices, and particularly relates to an automatic on-off device.
Background
Along with the development of the times, the pace of urban modern construction is continuously accelerated, and the contradiction between supply and demand of energy sources is more and more prominent, wherein about 15% of electric energy needs to be consumed for illumination of a single street lamp, so the requirements of electricity saving, energy saving and green illumination are more and more urgent and higher. Over the past century, there has been much interest among scientists as to how to generate electricity from renewable energy sources.
Solar cells provide one way to achieve this goal, namely, small-scale, distributed generation of renewable energy during the day. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is only about twenty percent, the cost is high, the photosensitive element is required to be used for automatic on-off, and the power generation at night is still a great challenge if the power generation is not carried out in rainy days without storing electric energy. A large percentage of people in the world still do not use electricity, especially at night when the photovoltaic power generation system is inoperative. While solar street lights have made advances in this regard, as nighttime lighting needs have peaked, photovoltaic or solar thermal modules need to be coupled with batteries, thereby driving up costs. Thus, a modular way to generate electricity at night without storage would have a direct and significant impact on lighting applications. In addition to lighting, a large number of low power off-grid sensors may also benefit from a night-time modular power supply, and the ability to generate electricity at night may be a fundamental capability for a wide range of applications, including lighting and low power sensors.
Disclosure of Invention
For solving the problems of high cost, low efficiency, normal power generation only by storing at night and incapability of automatically switching on and off the circuit, the following technical scheme is adopted:
an automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration comprises: the device comprises a windproof cover, a radiation cooler, an insulating shell, a heat conducting fin and a thermoelectric generator, wherein a positive lead and a negative lead are arranged on the thermoelectric generator; the windshield and the insulating shell form a cavity structure in an enclosing mode, and the windshield is transparent in an atmospheric window wave band; the radiation cooler comprises an emission end face and an input end face, and the emission end face of the radiation cooler faces the windshield and is arranged in the cavity; the top of the thermoelectric generator is tightly attached to the input end face of the radiation cooler, and the heat conducting fin is arranged at the bottom of the thermoelectric generator and is in contact with the outside air;
the top of the thermoelectric generator is contacted with the input end surface of the radiation cooler; the heat conducting sheet transfers the heat of the outside air to the bottom of the thermoelectric generator through heat transfer, and the temperature of the bottom of the thermoelectric generator is the same as that of the outside air;
at night, the emission end face of the radiation cooler radiates heat at the top of the thermoelectric generator into the outside air through heat radiation, and the temperature at the top of the thermoelectric generator is lower than the temperature of the outside air;
the top and the bottom of the thermoelectric generator generate temperature difference to drive the thermoelectric generator to work, potential difference is generated between an anode lead and a cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is a passage;
in the daytime, sunlight is radiated onto the emission end face of the radiation cooler through the windproof cover, so that the temperature of the radiation cooler is increased, the heat radiated by the radiation cooler is offset with the heat absorbed by the sunlight, the thermoelectric generator cannot work normally, the potential difference between the anode lead and the cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator is zero, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is open circuit.
The preferred scheme is as follows:
the heat conducting fins are arranged in a grid shape or strip shape array to increase the contact area with air, so that the heat conducting fins have good heat conducting performance, and the heat conducting fins strengthen the conduction convection with the environment so as to heat the bottom end of the thermoelectric generator.
The radiation refrigerator is made of SiO2And Si3N4Two-layer film composition of Si3N4In SiO2Above, the thicknesses were optimized by an optimization algorithm and then 59nm and 1500nm, respectively, integrated at the top of the thermoelectric generator. The selective high emissivity of an 8-14um 'atmospheric window' is realized through complementary phonon resonance, and then the top end of the thermoelectric generator is cooled through radiation refrigeration without any energy input, so that temperature difference is generated at two ends of the thermoelectric generator. SiO22And Si3N4May also be a combination ofHfO2And SiO2Or HfO2And Si3N4Its main function is to provide high emissivity in the atmospheric window.
The windshield is made of 12.5 mm thick low density polyethylene and is characterized by being infrared transparent.
The insulating shell is formed by covering a polystyrene shell with an aluminized polyester film, and aims to reduce the influence of external environment on heat radiation at the top end of the thermoelectric generator.
The radiation cooler of the scheme only utilizes SiO in order to reduce cost2And Si3N4Two layers of film. In order to obtain better cooling effect and increase the output current of the thermoelectric generator, the invention also designs another radiation refrigerator which is only based on SiO2The film is etched by an ion beam etching method to form a 2.5um high grating, the period is 4.5um, the duty ratio is 1/3, and the average emissivity of the film in an atmospheric window is over 90 percent. The output current of the thermoelectric generator can be effectively improved, so that the street lamp can stably work at night.
The working wavelength of the scheme is infrared light, at night, the wind shield isolates the conduction convection between the cavity structure and the external environment, the heat conducting fins enhance the conduction convection between the bottom end of the thermoelectric generator and the environment, under the condition that the side of the thermoelectric generator facing the sky is isolated from conduction and convection, the radiation refrigerator is utilized to reduce the temperature of the top end of the thermoelectric generator to be lower than the environment temperature, and the temperature difference is generated at the two ends of the bottom end of the thermoelectric generator due to the environment heating to realize the access; in the daytime, sunlight is radiated onto the radiation cooler through the windshield, so that the temperature of the radiation cooler is raised, the temperature reduction caused by high emission at an atmospheric window is counteracted, and the temperature difference caused by radiation refrigeration is counteracted by heating of sunlight radiation, so that the thermoelectric generator does not work, and further the circuit break is realized; by using the technical scheme, the automatic on-off street lamp device driven by the sunlight can be realized.
The advantage of this scheme is that need not extra power storage electric energy, and need not special photoelectric sensing switch, utilizes the difference in temperature in the atmosphere to generate electricity, need not to lay special cable, and is energy-concerving and environment-protective more. In addition, the technical scheme can also provide electric energy for the video monitoring system at night, and can also be used as corollary equipment of a solar power station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the working principle of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radiation refrigerator;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the thermoelectric generator;
FIG. 5 is a spectrum of the 8um-14 μm emissivity of a radiation refrigerator;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the cooling effect of the radiation cooler;
wherein: the solar cell comprises a wind shield 1, a radiation cooler 2, an insulating shell 3, a heat conducting sheet 4, a thermoelectric generator 5, an emission end face 6, an input end face 7, an anode lead 8 and a cathode lead 9.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings in the specification.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration comprises: the device comprises a windshield 1, a radiation cooler 2, an insulating shell 3, a heat conducting sheet 4 and a thermoelectric generator 5, wherein a positive lead 8 and a negative lead 9 are arranged on the thermoelectric generator; the windshield and the insulating shell form a cavity structure in an enclosing mode, and the windshield is transparent in an atmospheric window wave band; the radiation cooler comprises an emission end face 6 and an input end face 7, and the emission end face of the radiation cooler faces the windshield and is placed in the cavity; the top of the thermoelectric generator is tightly attached to the input end face of the radiation cooler, and the heat conducting fin is arranged at the bottom of the thermoelectric generator and is in contact with the outside air;
the top of the thermoelectric generator is contacted with the input end surface of the radiation cooler; the heat conducting sheet transfers the heat of the outside air to the bottom of the thermoelectric generator through heat transfer, and the temperature of the bottom of the thermoelectric generator is the same as that of the outside air;
as shown in fig. 2: at night, the emission end face of the radiation cooler radiates heat at the top of the thermoelectric generator into the outside air through heat radiation, and the temperature at the top of the thermoelectric generator is lower than the temperature of the outside air;
the top and the bottom of the thermoelectric generator generate temperature difference to drive the thermoelectric generator to work, potential difference is generated between an anode lead and a cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is a passage;
in the daytime, sunlight is radiated onto the emission end face of the radiation cooler through the windproof cover, so that the temperature of the radiation cooler is raised, the heat radiated by the radiation cooler is offset with the heat absorbed by the sunlight, the thermoelectric generator cannot normally work, the potential difference between the anode lead and the cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator is zero, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is open circuit;
when the radiation of the received sunlight is insufficient in rainy days or haze days, the heat energy radiated to the outside by the radiation refrigerator is larger than the heat energy input by the outside, the thermoelectric generator is in a working state, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is a passage.
The performance of the device is characterized by a thermal model in which the net energy balance is modeled assuming that the cold side of the thermoelectric module is an upwardly radiating plate:
in the above formula, Prad is the energy radiated from the structure, and the calculation formula is:
where h is the Planck constant, IBB =
kB is the Boltzmann constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the operating wavelength.
Psun is the solar absorption power, IAM1.5 is the AM1.5 spectrum,
(
) Is the solar absorptance of the plant, r: (
) In order to be the reflectance spectrum of the radiant cooler,
is the angle of incidence of the sun.
Is the absorbed power of incident atmospheric thermal radiation.
Due to energy losses caused by convection and conduction. hc = hcond + hconv is a combined non-radiative thermal coefficient that represents the collective effect of conductive and convective heating due to the contact of the radiant cooler with the outer surface and adjacent air.
At night
Namely, net power output is achieved through radiation refrigeration, and current output is achieved after the generated temperature difference passes through the thermoelectric generator, so that the street lamp is lightened. And at the time of the day, while,
namely, it is
And the cooling effect of radiation refrigeration is offset by the heating effect of solar radiation to cause no net power output, so that the temperature difference generator cannot work normally, and the street lamp can enter an open circuit state. In conclusion, the automatic on-off street lamp device realizes the automatic on-off of the street lamp in the daytime and can directly work without storage due to the current input of the street lamp at night.
As shown in FIG. 3, the preferred embodiment of the radiation refrigerator is SiO produced by ion beam etching2And (4) a grating. The light spectrum of the light source has good selectivity and high emission in an atmospheric window, and the manufacturing process is mature. The main steps of grating etching are glue coating, prebaking, exposure, developing, etching and photoresist removing.
As shown in fig. 4, the thermoelectric generator is a power generating device that directly converts thermal energy into electrical energy using the seebeck effect. A p-type thermoelectric element and an n-type thermoelectric element are connected by metal conductor electrodes at the hot end, and cold end electrodes are respectively connected at the cold ends to form a thermoelectric single body or a single couple. The open end of the thermoelectric single body is connected with a resistor RLIf the hot side of the thermoelectric cell inputs heat flow,when the temperature difference is built between the hot end and the cold end of the thermoelectric monomer, current flows through the circuit, and electric power I ^ 2R is obtained on the loadLThus, a generator for directly converting thermal energy into electric energy is obtained.
FIG. 5 is an emissivity spectrum of a radiation refrigerator of an embodiment of the present invention at 8um-14 μm; the radiation refrigerator has good selectivity and high emissivity at an atmospheric window, and the emissivity of other wave bands is about 0.95 except the low valley of emissivity at the wavelength of 9um caused by the inherent property of the SiO2 material, so that good net cooling power can be realized; it can be derived from the theoretical calculation process
102.627w/m^2。
Fig. 6 shows the change of the cooling effect of the radiation refrigerator according to the change of the ambient temperature. To accurately display its cooling effect, the device
= 0; the situation that the cooling effect of the radiation refrigerator changes along with the ambient temperature is theoretically calculated. The generated temperature difference is enough to enable the thermoelectric generator to work, and the street lamp does not need to be lighted at night by any input.
Example two
An automatic on-off street lamp based on radiation refrigeration comprises: automatic on-off device, lamp, wire based on radiation refrigeration; the lamp and the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration are connected through a conducting wire to form a closed loop.
Under the condition of clear night sky, the temperature of the radiation cooler at the cold end of the thermoelectric generator is lower than the ambient temperature on the premise of isolating convection because of the high emissivity of the radiation cooler. Therefore, the thermoelectric generator works to light the street lamp.
In daytime, as the cooling effect of the radiation refrigerator is offset by solar radiation, the thermoelectric generator does not work, and the street lamp is automatically extinguished. The street lamp device can be directly generated without storage at night and then lighted without any input.
When receiving the solar radiation in overcast and rainy or haze weather not enough, the radiation refrigerator radiation is greater than the heat energy of external input to external heat energy, and thermoelectric generator is in operating condition, and the operating condition based on the refrigerated automatic on-off device of radiation is the route, and the street lamp of this scheme is luminous when consequently daytime overcast and rainy. The better scheme is for can setting up the lamp into the fog lamp, but the luminous range is bigger stronger in overcast and rainy weather or haze weather light penetrating power.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and it is intended that all such changes and modifications be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a windproof cover, a radiation cooler, an insulating shell, a heat conducting fin and a thermoelectric generator, wherein a positive lead and a negative lead are arranged on the thermoelectric generator; the windshield and the insulating shell form a cavity structure in an enclosing mode, and the windshield is transparent in an atmospheric window wave band; the radiation cooler comprises an emission end face and an input end face, and the emission end face of the radiation cooler faces the windshield and is arranged in the cavity; the top of the thermoelectric generator is tightly attached to the input end face of the radiation cooler, and the heat conducting fin is arranged at the bottom of the thermoelectric generator and is in contact with the outside air;
the temperature of the top of the thermoelectric generator is the same as the temperature of the input end surface of the radiation cooler; the temperature of the bottom of the thermoelectric generator is the same as that of the outside air;
at night, the emitting end surface of the radiation cooler enables the top temperature of the thermoelectric generator to be lower than the temperature of the outside air through heat radiation,
the top and the bottom of the thermoelectric generator generate temperature difference to drive the thermoelectric generator to work, potential difference is generated between an anode lead and a cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is a passage;
in the daytime, sunlight is radiated onto the emission end face of the radiation cooler through the windproof cover, so that the temperature of the radiation cooler is increased, the heat radiated by the radiation cooler is offset with the heat absorbed by the sunlight, the thermoelectric generator cannot work normally, the potential difference between the anode lead and the cathode lead on the thermoelectric generator is zero, and the working state of the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration is open circuit.
2. The automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the heat conducting sheet is in a grid shape or a strip array shape, and the material of the heat conducting sheet comprises metal.
3. The automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the radiation refrigerator is of a layered structure and is made of SiO2And Si3N4The two layers of films are integrated at the top end of the thermoelectric generator.
4. The automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the windshield is made of polyethylene.
5. The automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the insulating shell is formed by covering a polystyrene shell with aluminized polyester film.
6. The utility model provides an automatic break-make street lamp based on radiation refrigeration which characterized in that includes: automatic switching device, lamp, wire based on radiation refrigeration according to one of claims 1 to 5; the lamp and the automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration are connected through a conducting wire to form a closed loop.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112421989A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-26 | 北京科技大学 | Thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation refrigeration-greenhouse effect |
| WO2022032962A1 (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-02-17 | 苏州大学 | Automatic on-off apparatus and streetlamp based on radiation refrigeration |
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| CN212277226U (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2021-01-01 | 苏州大学 | Automatic on-off device based on radiation refrigeration and street lamp |
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| US20080251111A1 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2008-10-16 | Woo Sik Yoo | Thermoelectric energy conversion |
| WO2010133045A1 (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-11-25 | Guo Jianguo | Solar temperature difference generation and vaccum heat collection device |
| CN110138277A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of temperature difference electricity generation device based on radiation refrigeration and efficient absorption solar energy |
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