CN111861848A - Stable BIM data blind watermarking method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital watermarking method aiming at BIM model data copyright protection, which realizes a steady BIM data blind watermark and comprises the following steps: embedding BIM data watermark and extracting watermark. And (4) generating the BIM data containing the watermark information by combining methods such as DFT, QIM, DFT method and Logistic chaotic mapping and the like in consideration of the characteristics of the BIM data. In the watermark extraction, the watermark is extracted by a voting principle without the participation of original data, and the method is a blind watermark algorithm. Meanwhile, random noise is added to the original coordinate data within an error tolerance range in consideration of the practical application of the BIM data so as to embed different watermarks, and the watermark embedding capacity is indirectly increased. The method can well control the data error caused by watermark embedding, has better robustness to common random deletion entities, rotation, translation attacks and special attacks of the BIM data, and can provide a feasible basis for ownership of the BIM data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of cartography, geographic information systems and copyright protection, and relates to a robust BIM data blind watermarking method.
Background
Building Information Modeling (BIM) plays a very important role in the aspects of Building, subway engineering, energy design, traffic planning and the like. With the digitalization and networking of BIM data production and propagation, security problems such as copyright theft, infringement, human destruction and the like accompanying BIM data are increasingly significant. Therefore, how to rapidly and effectively protect the BIM copyright while conveniently utilizing the BIM resources is an urgent problem to be solved. In the vector geospatial data authentication research, there are authentication methods such as statistics-based, image rough representation-based, and wavelet transform-based mutation point extraction. The methods are sensitive to geometric transformation of vector geographic space data, cannot resist attack of projection transformation or coordinate system transformation, and aim at the defects of poor robustness, high complexity and the like of vertex attack specific to the vector geographic space data.
In the context of the high degree of development of digital products, digital watermarking is considered as an effective solution for copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technique for embedding copyright identification or product-related information in multimedia content for protecting the copyright security of digital products and verifying the authenticity of the products. Therefore, the BIM data is protected from being invaded by adopting the digital watermarking technology, and a feasible solution can be provided for the safety protection of the BIM data. At present, because BIM data formats are diversified and data are complex, the security protection research on BIM data is not realized by utilizing a watermarking technology, but the watermarking technology has high attention and fruitful results in the aspect of protecting the copyright of two-dimensional graphs and three-dimensional models.
Digital watermarks can be classified into spatial domain watermarking methods and frequency domain watermarking methods according to the difference of watermark embedding domains. In recent years, aiming at the technical research of two-dimensional graph and three-dimensional model watermarking of airspace, Guo enthusiast and the like provide a semi-fragile watermarking method of a two-dimensional engineering graph based on an improved odd-even quantization method, which is very sensitive to malicious attack but not very strong in robustness; the three-dimensional model digital watermarking method for constructing the vertex distribution characteristics, which is proposed by Wangxiyu and the like, integrates the ideas of zero watermarking and embedded watermarking methods, so that the digital watermarking and the three-dimensional model characteristics are matched with each other and are more stable, but the clipping attack cannot be resisted. The frequency domain watermarking method is a digital watermarking method of a two-dimensional engineering drawing based on a Fourier descriptor, which is provided by embedding watermarking information into a frequency domain coefficient, Huang Xiao Sheng and the like, and has good robustness to the attacks of translation, rotation, addition and deletion of partial entities and the like, but the method is a non-blind watermarking method and has poor practicability; pengfei and the like propose a wavelet domain reversible watermarking method of a 2-dimensional CAD engineering drawing adopting Improved Quantitative Index Modulation (IQIM), which has better robustness on attacks such as graphic translation, rotation, uniform scaling and the like, but cannot resist the attack of entity addition and deletion.
The invention provides a stable BIM data blind watermarking method by fully utilizing the advantages of a digital watermarking technology, and realizes copyright protection and piracy tracing of BIM data.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention designs a robust BIM data blind watermarking method based on two-dimensional graphics and three-dimensional model frequency domain methods and according to BIM data characteristics. The method not only ensures that the error caused by embedding the watermark can be controlled within an allowable range, but also has stronger robustness to various attacks, realizes blind detection and provides safety guarantee for the BIM data in the transmission process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a robust BIM data blind watermarking method comprises the following steps: watermark embedding and watermark extracting;
1. the watermark embedding steps are as follows:
s1: selecting multi-face grid elements in BIM data as units;
s2: constructing a plurality of sequences by taking all multi-face grid vertexes as characteristic points;
s3: obtaining an amplitude coefficient as an embedded carrier of the watermark through DFT conversion;
s4: embedding the watermark into an amplitude coefficient of a DFT transform domain by using a QIM method;
s5: generating BIM data containing a watermark by applying IDFT;
2. The watermark extraction steps are as follows:
s6: reading multi-surface grid vertexes of the BIM data to be detected by using the step S1;
s7: constructing a BIM data complex sequence to be tested by using the step S2;
s8: extracting watermark information in BIM data to be detected by using a QIM method;
s9: extracting a watermark image through Logistic reverse scrambling;
s10: and judging a normalized correlation coefficient between the original watermark and the extracted watermark to evaluate the similarity of the watermarks and obtain a conclusion.
S11: end up
The method is advanced and scientific, ensures effective extraction of watermark information, has good robustness, and can ensure that the copyright identity of the data can be well identified and authenticated after multiple data are subjected to various transformation operations. Experiments show that the method can well control data errors caused by watermark embedding, the embedded watermark has small influence on the precision of the BIM data, and the method has better robustness on common random deletion entities, rotation, translation attacks and special attacks of the BIM data, and can provide a feasible basis for ownership of the BIM data.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only schematic diagrams of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating the pre-processing of raw data according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a watermark embedding and extraction framework provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 provides a watermark image for the present invention;
fig. 4 is a visual comparison of the data embedded with the watermark and the original data provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a robust BIM data blind watermarking method, including:
1. the watermark extraction steps are as follows
Step1 order Vd＝{vj}，vj＝(xj,yj) Represents the set of all multi-faceted mesh vertices in the original BIM data, where j is 1,2jIs a polyhedral mesh vertex coordinate, (x)j,yj) The X and Y coordinate values of the vertex, N is the number of the multi-face grid vertex. Generating a complex sequence { a) by equation (1) in units of a multi-face lattice elementj}；
Step2 generating a complex number sequence { a ] by the equation (1) in units of a multi-surface mesh element j}；
aj＝xj+iyjj∈{1,2,3，...,N} (1)
Step3 sequence of N points { ajIts DFT transform is shown in equation (2):
wherein A islRepresenting the DFT-transformed data, a in the formulajCan be complex, in practice ajAre all real values, i.e., the imaginary part is 0, in which case the formula can be expanded as:
the sequence coefficients have amplitude coefficients | AlI and phase coefficient < AlTwo values are shown in equation (4). Representing the set of amplitude coefficients as { | AlL, phase systemThe number set is {. angle Al}；
Step4, generating watermark information, reading an image with the size of M multiplied by M (M is more than or equal to 2) pixels as an original watermark image, carrying out Logistic mapping scrambling on the original watermark in order to improve the security of the watermark, and carrying out dimension reduction processing on a binary matrix after scrambling to obtain a one-dimensional binary sequence W, wherein the sequence expression formula is W ═ W ≧ 2m0,1| m ═ 0, 1., P-1}, P denotes the watermark length. Read BIM data, pair { ajAmplitude coefficient { | A obtained by DFT conversionlExpansion 107And performing a noise addition operation. Embedding the watermark into the amplified amplitude coefficient by using a QIM method, and obtaining the amplitude coefficient | A 'embedded with the watermark by using formula (5)'l|；
Step5 preparation of | A'lAnd | carrying out scaling processing to reduce the size of the original data to the same magnification factor as the reduction factor. Combining the resulting embedded watermark amplitude value with the unmodified phase coefficient to generate a new coefficient { A' lIDFT conversion is carried out on the complex sequence to obtain a complex sequence { a'j}. According to { a'jModifying the vertices of the multi-face mesh to obtain a multi-face vertex set V 'embedded with the watermark'd，V'd＝{v'j＝(x'j,y'j) J belongs to {1, 2.,. N }, so as to obtain BIM data embedded with the watermark;
2. the watermark embedding steps are as follows:
step6, reading multi-surface grid vertexes of BIM data to be measured to form a set V'd；
Step7 production of the Complex sequence { a'j}；
Step8 of pair { a'jPerforming DFT conversion to obtain an amplitude coefficient { | A 'of the coefficient'lAnd l. Using parameters consistent with the embedding process, a QIM method is utilizedExtracting suspicious { w'mThe value of (c) }, extraction procedure was as follows:
step9, converting the extracted one-dimensional watermark W '═ W'mCarrying out dimensionality increasing processing and Logistic inverse scrambling on the obtained value 0,1| m ═ 0, 1., P-1}, and extracting a watermark image;
and Step10, calculating a normalized correlation coefficient (NC) between the extracted watermark image and the original watermark image by using the formula (7) to measure the robustness, wherein the larger the NC value is, the more similar the two are, and the better the robustness is.
Where M × M is the watermark image size, XNOR is an exclusive or operation, W (M1, M2) represents the original watermark information, and W' (M1, M2) is the extracted watermark information. Where the closer the NC is to 1, the more robust the method is.
Step11 end
In summary, the invention provides security protection for ownership of BIM data by using a digital watermarking technology, and provides a robust BIM data blind watermarking method for the characteristics of common BIM data format DXF. The method is proved to have good imperceptibility and high precision and can effectively resist common attacks such as translation, trimming, rotation and the like through the analysis of the imperceptibility, the precision and the robustness of the method. Secondly, the method is a blind watermarking method based on the frequency domain, original data are not needed to participate in the watermark detection process, and the practicability is high. In a word, the invention provides an effective technical means for copyright protection for safety problems of tampering, infringement, disclosure and the like of the BIM data in the data transmission and use process, and provides a feasible solution for copyright protection of the BIM model.
Claims (3)
1. A robust BIM data blind watermarking method comprises the following steps: watermark embedding and watermark extracting;
the watermark embedding steps are as follows:
s1: selecting multi-face grid elements in BIM data as units;
s2: constructing a plurality of sequences by taking all multi-face grid vertexes as characteristic points;
s3: obtaining an amplitude coefficient as an embedded carrier of the watermark through DFT conversion;
S4: embedding the watermark into an amplitude coefficient of a DFT transform domain by using a QIM method;
s5: generating BIM data containing a watermark by applying IDFT;
the watermark extraction steps are as follows:
s6: reading multi-surface grid vertexes of the BIM data to be detected by using the step S1;
s7: constructing a BIM data complex sequence to be tested by using the step S2;
s8: extracting watermark information in BIM data to be detected by using a QIM method;
s9: extracting a watermark image through Logistic reverse scrambling;
s10: and judging a normalized correlation coefficient between the original watermark and the extracted watermark to evaluate the similarity of the watermarks and obtain a conclusion.
S11: and (6) ending.
2. The robust BIM data blind watermarking method of claim 1, wherein in step S6, the BIM data containing watermark information generated in steps S1 to S is applied.
3. The robust BIM data blind watermarking method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the application scenario further includes BIM data copyright authentication, and the BIM data is provided with a more reliable transmission process by using a digital watermarking technology.
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| CN117173003A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 南京师范大学 | BIM data zero watermark method, device and medium |
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