CN111861776A - Method for determining main fish passing objects of fish passing equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining main fish passing objects of fish passing equipment, which is used for surveying alternative fishes in a water area where fish passing facilities are located; investigating and grading fish passing object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes; and the alternative fishes with the score sum larger than the set threshold value are the main fish passing objects. The invention can quantitatively, objectively and multi-dimensionally analyze and determine the main fish passing objects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a method for determining a main fish passing object of fish passing equipment.
Background
In China, the water conservancy projects which are vigorously developed in recent years destroy the connectivity of rivers and obstruct fish migration channels. The fish passing facility is used as an important engineering compensation and slowing measure, the level requirements of design and construction of the fish passing facility are higher and higher, and how to reasonably and scientifically determine the main fish passing object of the fish passing facility is one of the key links for realizing the efficient operation of the fish passing facility. How to use the fish science to measure, evaluate and determine the main fish passing objects of the fish passing facilities is a new problem which is widely concerned in ecological protection and hydraulic engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
At present, whether fishes are local or domestic protected fish species and expert experience are used for qualitatively evaluating and determining main fish passing objects of fish passing facilities, the result obtained by the evaluating and determining method has large degree of human subjective consciousness, experts in different fields have different evaluating, identifying and determining angles, and the evaluating method is not beneficial to promoting the standardization of evaluating methods in the industry and academic fields. The invention aims to provide a method for determining main fish passing objects of fish passing equipment, which is feasible, can quantitatively evaluate and determine the main fish passing objects of the fish passing facilities from objective evaluation indexes, can provide technical support for determining the ring sections of the main fish passing objects of the fish passing facilities, and has important application value in the field of hydraulic engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of determining a primary fish passing object of a fish passing device, comprising the steps of:
step 1, surveying alternative fishes in a water area where a fish passing facility is located;
step 2, investigating and grading fish object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes;
and 3, taking the alternative fishes with the score sum larger than the set threshold value as main fish passing objects.
The evaluation indexes of the fish passing objects comprise migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount;
migration habits are divided into migration, semi-migration and settlement, and scores corresponding to the migration, the semi-migration and the settlement are reduced in sequence;
the habitat suitability is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the protection grades are divided into a national grade, a local grade and an unprotected grade, and the corresponding scores of the national grade, the local grade and the unprotected grade are reduced in sequence;
the economic value is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the resource amount is divided into present distributed species, historical survey species and non-distributed species, the scores corresponding to the present distributed species, the historical survey species and the non-distributed species are reduced in sequence,
the score sum is the score sum corresponding to migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount.
Migration behaviour as described above was determined by the following steps:
capturing multi-tail sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish passing facility through a fish net, installing a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, observing the moving condition of the alternative fishes within a year period, and if the alternative fishes move directionally in a long distance or move among rivers, taking the alternative fishes as migration alternative fishes; if the alternative fishes move among different fresh water bodies or between the upstream and the downstream of the river, the alternative fishes are semi-migratory alternative fishes; and if the situation does not occur in the alternative fishes, the alternative fishes are colonized alternative fishes.
The habitat suitability as described above is determined by the following steps:
capturing multi-tail sexual maturity individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish passing facility through a fish net, installing a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, tracking and measuring water area comprehensive indexes of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water flow speed of the water area of the fish passing facility captured by the fish net, calculating the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes, and when the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to a high-frequency threshold value, ensuring that the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes is high; when the low-frequency threshold value is less than or equal to the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes and is less than the high-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive indexes of the water area is middle; and when the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes is less than the low-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive water area index is low.
The economic value as described above is determined by the following steps:
if the weight of the sexually mature individual of the candidate fish is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is more than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be high; if the weight of the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is less than 1kg and the price is higher than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, or the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is lower than 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be medium; if the weight of the sexual maturity individual of the candidate fish is less than 1kg and the price is less than 50 Yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be low.
The amount of resources as described above is determined by the following steps:
fishing for one year once a month through a fishing net, and if the alternative fishes can be fished, determining the alternative fishes as current distributed species; if the alternative fish can not be captured and is investigated and found within 50 years, the alternative fish is determined as a historical investigation species; if the alternative fish cannot be captured and is not found in the investigation within 50 years, the alternative fish is determined to be non-distributed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and effects:
1. compared with the prior method for determining the main fish passing objects by the subjective experience of experts, the method for determining the main fish passing objects of the fish passing facility can quantitatively, objectively and multi-dimensionally analyze and determine the main fish passing objects.
2. Compared with the prior method for determining the main fish-passing object by the expert subjective experience, the method for determining the main fish-passing object of the fish-passing facility is easy for the social public to understand, analyze and judge the reasonability of the determination of the fish-passing object, can also standardize the determination standard of the fish-passing object of the fish-passing facility in the industry, and is more convenient for the communication of people and people in the industry and non-industry to the information related to the fish-passing object.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
Example 1
A method of determining a primary fish passing object of a fish passing device, comprising the steps of:
step 1, surveying the alternative fishes in the water area where the fish facility is located, continuously fishing for one year through a fish net, taking all the fished fishes as the alternative fishes, looking up literature data, and taking all the fish species which are discovered in the water area by other research and survey in the past as the alternative fishes.
In the embodiment, the fish candidates (including exotic species and historical species) in the water area where the fish passing facility of the hydropower station is located are obtained through one-year fishing and literature data review, and 42 kinds of fishes such as Mongolian culter, Erythroculter ilishaeformis, squaliobarbus curriculus, Siniper chuatsi, Elopictus bambusoides, herring, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and the like are used.
Step 2, investigating and grading the fish object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes,
wherein the evaluation indexes of the fish passing objects comprise migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount;
migration habits are divided into migration, semi-migration and settlement, and scores corresponding to the migration, the semi-migration and the settlement are reduced in sequence;
the habitat suitability is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the protection grades are divided into a national grade, a local grade and an unprotected grade, and the corresponding scores of the national grade, the local grade and the unprotected grade are reduced in sequence;
the economic value is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the resource amount is divided into a current situation distribution variety, a historical investigation variety and a non-distribution variety, and the scores corresponding to the current situation distribution variety, the historical investigation variety and the non-distribution variety are reduced in sequence.
The score sum is the score sum corresponding to migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount.
Wherein the migration behaviour is determined by:
capturing 10-100 sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish facility through a fish net, mounting a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, observing the movement condition of the alternative fishes within a year period, and if the alternative fishes have long-distance directional movement or move among rivers, selecting the alternative fishes as migration alternative fishes; if the alternative fishes move among different fresh water bodies or between the upstream and the downstream of the river, the alternative fishes are semi-migratory alternative fishes; and if the situation does not occur in the alternative fishes, the alternative fishes are colonized alternative fishes.
If the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes in the water cannot be captured, the migration habit of the alternative fishes can be determined by inquiring literature data and the like.
The habitat suitability is determined by the following steps:
capturing 10-100 sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish passing facility through a fish net, installing a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, tracking and measuring water area comprehensive indexes of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water flow speed of the water area of the fish passing facility captured by the fish net, calculating the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes, and when the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to a high-frequency threshold value, ensuring that the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes is high; when the low-frequency threshold value is less than or equal to the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes and is less than the high-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive indexes of the water area is middle; and when the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes is less than the low-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive water area index is low. In this embodiment, the high frequency threshold and the low frequency threshold are 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. The frequency of the alternative fishes is 0-1, and can be calculated in the following way, wherein the frequency of the alternative fishes is the sum of the time of the overall indexes of the water areas of the alternative fishes within the monitoring time/(the total number of the alternative fishes per the monitoring time).
The protection level is determined by the following steps:
when the alternative fishes appear in the national key protection wild animal directory, determining the alternative fishes as the national level; when the alternative fishes appear in the regional protection animal directory, determining that the alternative fishes are in the local level, and when the alternative fishes appear in the national key protection wild animal directory and the regional protection animal directory, determining that the alternative fishes are in the national level; and when the alternative fish does not appear in the national key protection wild animal directory and the local protection animal directory, determining that the alternative fish is in the no protection grade.
The economic value is determined by the following steps:
economic value refers to how great economic benefit the alternative fish can produce. If the weight of the sexually mature individual of the candidate fish is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is more than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be high; if the weight of the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is less than 1kg and the price is higher than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, or the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is lower than 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be medium; if the weight of the sexual maturity individual of the candidate fish is less than 1kg and the price is less than 50 Yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be low.
The resource amount is determined by the following steps:
fishing for one year once a month through a fishing net, and if the alternative fishes can be fished, determining the alternative fishes as current distributed species; if the alternative fish can not be captured and is investigated and found within 50 years, determining the alternative fish as a historical investigation species; if the candidate fish can not be caught and no candidate fish is investigated within 50 years, the candidate fish is determined to be not distributed.
In this example, migration habits, habitat suitability, protection levels, economic values and resource amounts of the above-mentioned 42 kinds of fish were obtained. And scoring the fishes according to the evaluation indexes, and sequencing the fishes from large to small according to the total score.
And 3, determining the main fish passing objects, wherein the fishes with the score sum larger than a set threshold value are the main fish passing objects.
And determining the fish with the total score being more than or equal to 6 as the main fish passing object of the fish passing facility. The turtle is mainly fish-passing subject, such as Amyda sinensis, Onychis mykiss, Mylopharyngodon piceus, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, Elelopichia pastoris and Siniperca chuatsi.
Example 2
A method of determining a primary fish passing object of a fish passing device, comprising the steps of:
step 1, surveying the alternative fishes in the water area where the fish facility is located, continuously fishing for one year through a fish net, taking all the fished fishes as the alternative fishes, looking up literature data, and taking all the fish species which are discovered in the water area by other research and survey in the past as the alternative fishes.
In the embodiment, the fish species (including exotic species and historical species) in the water area where the fish passing facility of a certain hydropower station is located are obtained by one-year fishing and investigation through reference of literature data, and 119 species of fishes such as eel, schizothorax brevifilis, schizothorax filamentosa, schizothorax tetrandra, schizothorax wangchia, pelioschira pachychia and the like are obtained.
Step 2, investigating and grading the fish object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes,
the specific procedure was the same as in step 2 of example 1.
In this example, migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount of the above 119 kinds of fishes were obtained. And scoring the fishes according to the evaluation indexes, and sequencing the fishes from large to small according to the total score.
And 3, determining the main fish passing objects, wherein the fishes with the score sum larger than a set threshold value are the main fish passing objects.
And determining the fish with the total score being more than or equal to 6 as the main fish passing object of the fish passing facility. Namely myxocyprinus asiaticus, eel, yellow perch carp, schizothorax gracilis, pellitchis pachychia, and pellitchis nojiri.
Example 3
A method of determining a primary fish passing object of a fish passing device, comprising the steps of:
step 1, surveying the alternative fishes in the water area where the fish facility is located, continuously fishing for one year through a fish net, taking all the fished fishes as the alternative fishes, looking up literature data, and taking all the fish species which are discovered in the water area by other research and survey in the past as the alternative fishes.
In this example, 74 species of fishes (including exotic species and history species) such as Barcheilus gracilis, Labrashi semifasciatus, Leiocypris microlepis, Leiocassis crassipes, spaghetti, Ictalurus longus, Anguilla marmorata, Anguilla japonica, and Plecoglossus altivelis were obtained as candidates for a water area where a fish-passing facility of a certain hydropower station is located by fishing for one year and by looking up literature data.
Step 2, investigating and grading the fish object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes,
the specific procedure was the same as in step 2 of example 1.
In this example, migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount of the above 74 fishes were obtained. And scoring the fishes according to the evaluation indexes, and sequencing the fishes from large to small according to the total score.
And 3, determining the main fish passing objects, wherein the fishes with the score sum larger than a set threshold value are the main fish passing objects.
The first 10% of fishes ranked are determined as main fish passing objects of the fish passing facilities, 74 kinds of fishes with the weight of 10% are 8 kinds, the 8 th fish is 5 in total, and the total of 5 kinds of fishes is 5 in total, so that all the fishes with the total of 5 are determined as the main fish passing objects in parallel. Namely anguilla marmorata, anguilla japonica, anguilla fragrans, barberry grahami, megalobrama amblycephala, xenocypris microlepis, herring, grass carp, chub, bighead carp and leiocassis crassipes are determined as main fish-passing subjects.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of determining a primary fish passing object of a fish passing device, comprising the steps of:
step 1, surveying alternative fishes in a water area where a fish passing facility is located;
step 2, investigating and grading fish object evaluation indexes related to the alternative fishes;
and 3, taking the alternative fishes with the score sum larger than the set threshold value as main fish passing objects.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the evaluation indexes of the fish passing objects comprise migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount;
migration habits are divided into migration, semi-migration and settlement, and scores corresponding to the migration, the semi-migration and the settlement are reduced in sequence;
the habitat suitability is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the protection grades are divided into a national grade, a local grade and an unprotected grade, and the corresponding scores of the national grade, the local grade and the unprotected grade are reduced in sequence;
the economic value is divided into high, medium and low, and the corresponding scores of the high, medium and low are reduced in sequence;
the resource amount is divided into present distributed species, historical survey species and non-distributed species, the scores corresponding to the present distributed species, the historical survey species and the non-distributed species are reduced in sequence,
the score sum is the score sum corresponding to migration habit, habitat suitability, protection level, economic value and resource amount.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the migration habit is determined by the steps of:
capturing multi-tail sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish passing facility through a fish net, installing a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, observing the moving condition of the alternative fishes within a year period, and if the alternative fishes move directionally in a long distance or move among rivers, taking the alternative fishes as migration alternative fishes; if the alternative fishes move among different fresh water bodies or between the upstream and the downstream of the river, the alternative fishes are semi-migratory alternative fishes; and if the situation does not occur in the alternative fishes, the alternative fishes are colonized alternative fishes.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the habitat suitability is determined by:
capturing multi-tail sexual maturity individuals of the alternative fishes in the water area of the fish passing facility through a fish net, installing a satellite positioning tracker on the alternative fishes after fishing, tracking and measuring water area comprehensive indexes of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and water flow speed of the water area of the fish passing facility captured by the fish net, calculating the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes, and when the occurrence frequency of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to a high-frequency threshold value, ensuring that the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the water area comprehensive indexes is high; when the low-frequency threshold value is less than or equal to the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes and is less than the high-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive indexes of the water area is middle; and when the appearance frequency of the alternative fishes is less than the low-frequency threshold value, the habitat suitability of the alternative fishes under the comprehensive water area index is low.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the economic value is determined by the steps of:
if the weight of the sexually mature individual of the candidate fish is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is more than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be high; if the weight of the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is less than 1kg and the price is higher than or equal to 50 yuan/kg, or the sexually mature individuals of the alternative fishes is more than or equal to 1kg and the price is lower than 50 yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be medium; if the weight of the sexual maturity individual of the candidate fish is less than 1kg and the price is less than 50 Yuan/kg, the economic value is judged to be low.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the amount of resources is determined by:
fishing for one year once a month through a fishing net, and if the alternative fishes can be fished, determining the alternative fishes as current distributed species; if the alternative fish can not be captured and is investigated and found within 50 years, the alternative fish is determined as a historical investigation species; if the alternative fish cannot be captured and is not found in the investigation within 50 years, the alternative fish is determined to be non-distributed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112561295A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for selecting fish passing objects of fish passing facilities in mountain valley areas |
| CN113575528A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 海南福港远洋渔业有限公司 | Far deep sea fishing method |
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| CN113575528A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 海南福港远洋渔业有限公司 | Far deep sea fishing method |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |