CN111859564B - Design method of hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact - Google Patents
Design method of hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, which comprises the steps of firstly segmenting a control rod and determining a variable to be designed; secondly, solving the diameter derivative of the middle section of the control rod; then obtaining a control rod outer contour shape function; then calculating a hydraulic resistance curve; then calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve; calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve; establishing a mathematical model of a hydraulic buffer structure design; and finally, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter. The hydraulic buffer device designed according to the invention can achieve a good buffer effect under heavy load impact, and meanwhile, the service life of the hydraulic buffer device is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic buffer structure design, and particularly relates to a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact.
Background
The hydraulic buffer structure in engineering is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, high-speed rails, aerospace, hoisting transportation, high-speed test recovery and the like. The situations of impact collision and the like often exist in the actual working process of engineering, and if no buffering is added, the working process is not stable and the mechanism is easy to damage. And a buffer structure is introduced, so that hard collision in the working process can be prevented. Especially for the special working condition of heavy load impact, a hydraulic buffer structure needs to be designed. Otherwise, the desired damping effect cannot be obtained, and the hydraulic resistance generated by the hydraulic damper may adversely affect the damper itself, such as by causing an impact. Therefore, the hydraulic buffer structure is reasonably designed, and the hydraulic buffer structure has important significance for buffering in engineering.
The existing hydraulic buffer structure is shown in fig. 1, and the purpose of controlling the hydraulic resistance change rule is achieved by designing the outer contour shape of a control rod. The outer contour of the control rod which is widely adopted at present is in a piecewise linear shape, and all the sections are not smoothly connected. Under heavy load impact, when liquid flows through the unsmooth part of the control rod at a high speed, the control rod is impacted and other adverse effects are generated, and the long-term use not only causes buffer failure, but also causes the damage and failure of the hydraulic buffer device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, which achieves the purpose of controlling the change rule of hydraulic resistance in the buffer process by designing the appearance of a control rod.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact comprises the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed;
step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve;
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design;
and 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) By designing the curve shape of the outer contour of the control rod, the hydraulic resistance acting is consistent with the expected acting in the buffering process, and meanwhile, the adverse effects of sudden change, interruption, oscillation and the like in the hydraulic resistance changing process are reduced, so that a good buffering effect is achieved under the impact of heavy load;
(2) The contour curve of the control rod is in a segmented cubic spline shape, all the segments are connected smoothly, the adverse effects such as impact on the control rod in the liquid flowing process are avoided, and the service life of the hydraulic buffer device is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a hydraulic buffer structure.
Fig. 3 is a hydraulic resistance curve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 2, based on a typical hydraulic buffer device, the hydraulic buffer device includes: the device comprises a static cavity 3, a moving cavity 4 arranged in the static cavity 3 and a control rod 5 arranged in the moving cavity 4; the rear end of the control rod 5 is provided with two first fluid holes 1, and the front end is provided with two second fluid holes 2; the moving cavity moves along the direction of the x axis in fig. 2 during the buffering process, and the static cavity and the control rod are kept static. The fluid flows into the left side of the motion cavity and the right side of the static cavity through the first fluid hole 1 and the second fluid hole 2 respectively, and hydraulic resistance is generated in the process.
According to the design method of the hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, the purpose of controlling the change rule of hydraulic resistance in the buffer process is achieved by designing the appearance of the control rod; with reference to fig. 1, the specific design process includes the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed:
a coordinate system is established with the axis of the control rod as the x-axis as shown in FIG. 2, and the total length L of the control rod is set. Taking n +1 points on the control rod to divide the control rod into n sections, i +1 pointHas a position coordinate of x i (0≤x i L, i =0,1,2, …, n), each segment profile is designed in the form of a cubic spline curve. Position x on the control lever i Where the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is y i The derivative of the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is m i . Wherein: y is 0 ,y 1 ,…y n ,m 0 ,m n The number of the design parameters is n + 3.
diameter derivative m of intermediate section of control rod 1 ,m 2 ,…m n-1 Obtained by solving the following matrix equation:
in the above formula:
the ratio of the lengths after the representation,
it is shown that the ratio of the front lengths,
represents the combined difference quotient, h i ＝x i -x i-1 Indicating the length of the ith segment of the control rod (i =1,2, …, n-1).
the control rod diameter function is expressed as:
wherein x represents the coordinate position of any point on the control stick, and each segment of cubic spline function has the form:
in fig. 2: the inner diameter of the static cavity is D T The outer diameter of the motion cavity is d T ，A 0 Representing the piston working area (the cross-sectional area of the inner diameter of the rest chamber minus the cross-sectional area of the outer diameter of the moving chamber); inner diameter of motion cavity is d j The inside diameter cross-sectional area of the motion cavity is A j (ii) a The diameter of the right side ring of the motion cavity is d p The right side ring section area of the motion cavity is A p (ii) a The diameter of any section of the control rod is y (x), and the sectional area of any section of the control rod is A x (ii) a The liquid density is rho; during the buffering process, the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid in the static cavity flowing through the No. 2 hole in the figure 2 is K 2 The smallest cross-sectional area of passage is A 1 (ii) a The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid flowing through the hole No. 1 in the figure 2 is K 1 . Calculating the hydraulic resistance f according to the parameters:
in the formula: t represents the motion cavity motion time;
representing the speed of movement of the moving cavity. According to the motion relation: x = x (t), the hydraulic resistance can be finally expressed as a function of time:
the curve of the hydraulic resistance with time is called a hydraulic resistance curve.
setting a desired hydraulic resistance curve F 0 And the designed hydraulic resistance curve F 1 As shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic resistance curve fullness is calculated:
step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
selecting points on a hydraulic resistance curve corresponding to the joints of the sections of the control rod, and calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design:
based on the steps 1 to 6, obtaining a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design:
wherein: "min" represents the minimum value, "model" represents the model, "s.t." represents the constraint condition, "eps is the given threshold," Var "represents the variable to be solved, and V represents the parameter vector to be designed.
And 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain a design parameter variable value:
the invention adopts a method of combining genetic algorithm with sequence quadratic programming to solve a hydraulic buffer structure design mathematical model so as to meet the aims of global search and local fine solution. Solving is carried out through a genetic algorithm, a result obtained through calculation is used as an initial value, and a final solution is obtained through calculation by utilizing a sequence quadratic programming method.
The contour curve of the control rod designed through the steps is in a segmented cubic spline shape, and the smooth connection among the segments ensures that the control rod cannot be impacted and other adverse effects in the liquid flowing process, and the adverse effects of sudden change, discontinuity, oscillation and the like in the hydraulic resistance changing process are reduced. The service life of the hydraulic buffer device can be prolonged, and meanwhile, a good buffer effect can be achieved under the impact of heavy load.
Claims (6)
1. A method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed; taking n +1 points on the control rod to divide the control rod into n sections, wherein the position coordinate of the (i + 1) th point is x i ，0≤x i L is less than or equal to, i =0,1,2, …, n; l is the total length of the control rod; designing each section of contour into a cubic spline curve form; position x on the control rod i Where the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is y i The derivative of the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is m i (ii) a Wherein: y is 0 ,y 1 ,…y n ,m 0 ,m n N +3 parameters to be designed;
step 2, solving a diameter derivative of a middle section of the control rod; the intermediate section diameter derivative m is obtained by solving the following matrix equation 1 ,m 2 ,…m n-1 ：
It is composed of
The ratio of the lengths after the representation,
it is shown that the ratio of the front length,
represents the combined difference quotient, h i ＝x i -x i-1 Represents a position difference; x is the number of i Indicating the i-th position on the control lever, y i Represents the diameter of the ith position on the control rod;
step 3, obtaining an outer contour shape function of the control rod; the form of each segment of the joystick cubic spline function is:
step 4, calculating a hydraulic resistance curve;
step 5, calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve;
step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve;
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design;
and 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter.
2. The design method of the hydraulic buffer structure under the heavy load impact according to claim 1, characterized by calculating a hydraulic resistance curve F (t), wherein the hydraulic resistance curve F (t) is a change relation of a hydraulic damping force F along with time t:
wherein: a. The 0 Representing the piston working area; a. The p The cross section area of the right ring of the motion cavity; a. The j Is the inner diameter section area of the motion cavity; k 2 In order to buffer the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid in the static cavity flowing through the liquid flow hole at the front end of the control rod, A 1 Is the minimum cross-sectional area of the pass; k 1 The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid flowing through the liquid flowing hole at the rear end of the control rod is shown; t represents the motion time of the motion cavity,
the moving speed of the moving cavity is represented, rho is the density of the liquid, x is the coordinate position of any point on the control rod, and the order is that
y (x) = y (x (t)), and represents an arbitrary cross-sectional diameter of the control rod.
3. Method for designing a hydraulic cushion structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1And the method is characterized in that the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve is calculated according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve:
wherein F 0 For the hydraulic resistance curve desired, F 1 The hydraulic resistance curve is obtained for the design.
4. The design method of the hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, characterized in that points on the hydraulic resistance curve corresponding to the joints of the segments of the control rod are selected to calculate the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
wherein F (t) is a hydraulic resistance curve.
5. The method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein a mathematical model of the design of the hydraulic buffer structure is obtained:
wherein: min represents the minimum value, model represents the model, s.t. represents the constraint condition, eps is a given threshold value, "Var" represents the variable to be solved, V represents the parameter vector to be designed, eta represents the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve, F represents the hydraulic damping force, wherein F (t) is the hydraulic resistance curve, the hydraulic resistance curve F (t) is the change relation of the hydraulic damping force F along with the time t,
the hydraulic resistance curve fullness is obtained; f 0 For the hydraulic resistance curve desired, F 1 The hydraulic resistance curve is obtained for the design.
6. The method for designing the hydraulic buffer structure under the heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein a mathematical model for designing the hydraulic buffer structure is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm combined with a sequence quadratic programming method.
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| CN102108991B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-09-12 | 三一重工股份有限公司 | Hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic buffer system, excavator and concrete pump truck |
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