CN111859564A - Design method of hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact - Google Patents

Design method of hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact Download PDF

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CN111859564A
CN111859564A CN202010668512.0A CN202010668512A CN111859564A CN 111859564 A CN111859564 A CN 111859564A CN 202010668512 A CN202010668512 A CN 202010668512A CN 111859564 A CN111859564 A CN 111859564A
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control rod
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钱林方
陈光宋
汤劲松
陈龙淼
徐亚栋
邹权
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, which comprises the steps of firstly segmenting a control rod and determining a variable to be designed; secondly, solving the diameter derivative of the middle section of the control rod; then obtaining a control rod outer contour shape function; then calculating a hydraulic resistance curve; then calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve; calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve; establishing a mathematical model of a hydraulic buffer structure design; and finally, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter. The hydraulic buffer device designed according to the invention can achieve a good buffer effect under heavy load impact, and meanwhile, the service life of the hydraulic buffer device is prolonged.

Description

Design method of hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic buffer structure design, and particularly relates to a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact.
Background
The hydraulic buffer structure in engineering is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, high-speed rails, aerospace, hoisting transportation, high-speed test recovery and the like. The situations of impact collision and the like often exist in the actual working process of engineering, and if no buffering is added, the working process is not stable and the mechanism is easy to damage. And a buffer structure is introduced, so that hard collision in the working process can be prevented. Especially for the special working condition of heavy load impact, a hydraulic buffer structure needs to be designed. Otherwise, the hydraulic resistance generated by the hydraulic cushion device may not exert a desired cushion effect, but may also have an adverse effect such as an impact on the cushion device itself. Therefore, the hydraulic buffer structure is reasonably designed, and the hydraulic buffer structure has important significance for buffering in engineering.
The existing hydraulic buffer structure is shown in fig. 1, and the purpose of controlling the hydraulic resistance change rule is achieved by designing the outer contour shape of a control rod. The outer contour of the control rod which is widely adopted at present is in a piecewise linear shape, and all the sections are not smoothly connected. Under heavy load impact, when liquid flows through the unsmooth part of the control rod at a high speed, the control rod is impacted and other adverse effects are generated, and the long-term use not only causes buffer failure, but also causes the damage and failure of the hydraulic buffer device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, which achieves the purpose of controlling the change rule of hydraulic resistance in the buffer process by designing the appearance of a control rod.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact comprises the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed;
step 2, solving the diameter derivative of the middle section of the control rod;
step 3, obtaining an outer contour shape function of the control rod;
step 4, calculating a hydraulic resistance curve;
step 5, calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve;
Step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve;
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design;
and 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) by designing the curve shape of the outer contour of the control rod, the working of hydraulic resistance in the buffering process is consistent with the expected working, meanwhile, the adverse effects of sudden change, interruption, oscillation and the like in the change process of the hydraulic resistance are reduced, and a good buffering effect is achieved under the impact of heavy load;
(2) the contour curve of the control rod is in a segmented cubic spline shape, all the segments are connected smoothly, the adverse effects such as impact on the control rod in the liquid flowing process are avoided, and the service life of the hydraulic buffer device is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the design method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a hydraulic buffer structure.
Fig. 3 is a hydraulic resistance curve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 2, based on a typical hydraulic buffer device, the hydraulic buffer device includes: the device comprises a static cavity 3, a moving cavity 4 arranged in the static cavity 3 and a control rod 5 arranged in the moving cavity 4; the rear end of the control rod 5 is provided with two first fluid holes 1, and the front end is provided with two second fluid holes 2; the moving cavity moves along the direction of the x axis in fig. 2 during the buffering process, and the static cavity and the control rod are kept static. The fluid flows into the left side of the motion cavity and the right side of the static cavity through the first fluid hole 1 and the second fluid hole 2 respectively, and hydraulic resistance is generated in the process.
According to the design method of the hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact, the purpose of controlling the change rule of hydraulic resistance in the buffer process is achieved by designing the appearance of the control rod; with reference to fig. 1, the specific design process includes the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed:
a coordinate system is established with the axis of the control rod as the x-axis as shown in FIG. 2, and the total length L of the control rod is set. Taking n +1 points on the control rod to divide the control rod into n sections, wherein the position coordinate of the (i + 1) th point is xi(0≤xiL, i ≦ 0,1,2, …, n), each segment profile is designed as a cubic spline curve. Position x on the control rodiWhere the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is yiThe derivative of the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is mi. Wherein: y is0,y1,…yn,m0,mnThe number of the design parameters is n + 3.
Step 2, solving the diameter derivative of the middle section of the control rod:
diameter derivative m of intermediate section of control rod1,m2,…mn-1Obtained by solving the following matrix equation:
Figure BDA0002581429200000031
in the above formula:
Figure BDA0002581429200000032
the ratio of the lengths after the representation,
Figure BDA0002581429200000033
it is shown that the ratio of the front length,
Figure BDA0002581429200000034
represents the combined difference quotient, hi＝xi-xi-1Indicating the ith segment length of the control lever, (i ═ 1,2, …, n-1).
Step 3, obtaining a control rod outer contour shape function:
the control rod diameter function is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002581429200000035
wherein x represents the coordinate position of any point on the control stick, and each segment of cubic spline function has the form:
Figure BDA0002581429200000036
Step 4, calculating a hydraulic resistance curve:
in fig. 2: the inner diameter of the static chamber is DTThe outer diameter of the motion cavity is dT，A0Representing the piston working area (the cross-sectional area of the inner diameter of the rest chamber minus the cross-sectional area of the outer diameter of the moving chamber); inner diameter of the motion cavity is djThe diameter section area in the motion cavity is Aj(ii) a The diameter of the right side ring of the motion cavity is dpThe right side ring section area of the motion cavity is Ap(ii) a The diameter of any section of the control rod is y (x), and the sectional area of any section of the control rod is Ax(ii) a The liquid density is rho; during the buffering process, the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid in the static cavity flowing through the No. 2 hole in the figure 2 is K2The smallest cross-sectional area of passage is A1(ii) a The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid flowing through the hole No. 1 in the figure 2 is K1. Calculating the hydraulic resistance f according to the parameters:
Figure BDA0002581429200000041
in the formula: t represents the motion cavity motion time;
Figure BDA0002581429200000042
representing the speed of movement of the moving cavity. According to the motion relation: x (t), which may ultimately be expressed as a function of time:
Figure BDA0002581429200000043
the curve of the hydraulic resistance changing with time is called a hydraulic resistance curve.
Step 5, calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve:
setting a desired hydraulic resistance curve F0And the designed hydraulic resistance curve F 1As shown in fig. 3, the hydraulic resistance curve fullness is calculated:
Figure BDA0002581429200000044
step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
selecting points on a hydraulic resistance curve corresponding to the joints of the sections of the control rod, and calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
Figure BDA0002581429200000045
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design:
based on the steps 1 to 6, obtaining a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design:
Figure BDA0002581429200000046
wherein: "min" represents the minimum value, "model" represents the model, "s.t." represents the constraint condition, "eps is the given threshold," Var "represents the variable to be solved, and V represents the parameter vector to be designed.
And 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain a design parameter variable value:
the invention adopts a method of combining genetic algorithm with sequence quadratic programming to solve a hydraulic buffer structure design mathematical model so as to meet the aims of global search and local fine solution. Solving is carried out through a genetic algorithm, a result obtained through calculation is used as an initial value, and a final solution is obtained through calculation by utilizing a sequence quadratic programming method.
The contour curve of the control rod designed through the steps is in a segmented cubic spline shape, and the smooth connection among the segments ensures that the control rod cannot be impacted and other adverse effects in the liquid flowing process, and the adverse effects of sudden change, discontinuity, oscillation and the like in the hydraulic resistance changing process are reduced. The service life of the hydraulic buffer device can be prolonged, and meanwhile, a good buffer effect can be achieved under the impact of heavy load.

Claims (9)

1. A method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, segmenting a control rod, and determining a variable to be designed;
step 2, solving the diameter derivative of the middle section of the control rod;
step 3, obtaining an outer contour shape function of the control rod;
step 4, calculating a hydraulic resistance curve;
step 5, calculating the fullness of the hydraulic resistance curve according to the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve;
step 6, calculating the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve;
step 7, establishing a mathematical model of the hydraulic buffer structure design;
and 8, solving the mathematical model obtained in the step 7 through an optimization algorithm to obtain the variable value of the design parameter.
2. The design method of a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, characterized in that the control rod is divided into n sections by taking n +1 points on the control rod, and the position coordinate of the (i + 1) th point is xi(0≤xiL, i is equal to or less than 0,1,2, …, n), and each section of contour is designed into a cubic spline curve form; position x on the control rodiWhere the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is yiThe derivative of the cross-sectional diameter of the control rod is mi(ii) a Wherein: y is0,y1,…yn,m0,mnThe number of the design parameters is n + 3.
3. The design method of a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, characterized in that the derivative m of the intermediate section diameter is obtained by solving the following matrix equation 1,m2,…mn-1：
Figure FDA0002581429190000011
It is composed of
Figure FDA0002581429190000012
The ratio of the lengths after the representation,
Figure FDA0002581429190000013
it is shown that the ratio of the front length,
Figure FDA0002581429190000014
represents the combined difference quotient, hi＝xi-xi-1Represents a position difference; x is the number ofiIndicating the i-th position on the control lever, yiIndicating the diameter of the ith position on the control lever.
4. The method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 2, wherein the form of each section of cubic spline function of the control rod in the step 3 is as follows:
Figure FDA0002581429190000021
5. the method for designing the hydraulic buffer structure under the heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic resistance curve F (t) is calculated, and the change relation of the hydraulic damping force f along with the time t is as follows:
Figure FDA0002581429190000022
wherein: dTIs the inner diameter of the static chamber, dTTo the outer diameter of the motion lumen, A0Representing the piston working area; djTo the inner diameter of the motion lumen, AjIs the inner diameter section area of the motion cavity; dpTo the diameter of the right side ring of the motion chamber, ApIs a movementThe cross-sectional area of the right side ring of the cavity; y (x) is the arbitrary cross-sectional diameter of the control rod, AxThe cross section area of any section of the control rod is; k2In order to buffer the hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid in the static cavity flowing through the liquid flow hole at the front end of the control rod, A1Is the minimum cross-sectional area of the pass; k1The hydraulic resistance coefficient of the liquid flowing through the liquid flowing hole at the rear end of the control rod is shown; t represents the motion time of the motion cavity,
Figure FDA0002581429190000023
representing the speed of movement of the moving cavity.
6. The method for designing a hydraulic cushion structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic resistance curve fullness is calculated from the expected hydraulic resistance curve and the designed hydraulic resistance curve:
Figure FDA0002581429190000024
wherein F0For the hydraulic resistance curve desired, F1The hydraulic resistance curve is obtained for the design.
7. The design method of the hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, characterized in that points on the hydraulic resistance curve corresponding to the joints of the segments of the control rod are selected to calculate the smoothness of the hydraulic resistance curve:
Figure FDA0002581429190000025
8. the method for designing a hydraulic buffer structure under heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein a mathematical model of the design of the hydraulic buffer structure is obtained:
Figure FDA0002581429190000031
wherein: min represents the minimum value, model represents the model, s.t. represents the constraint condition, eps is a given threshold value, "Var" represents the variable to be solved, and V represents the parameter vector to be designed.
9. The method for designing the hydraulic buffer structure under the heavy load impact according to claim 1, wherein a mathematical model for designing the hydraulic buffer structure is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm combined with a sequence quadratic programming method.
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