CN111858818A - County-area species distribution data rasterization method and system - Google Patents
County-area species distribution data rasterization method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geographic information systems, and relates to a county-area species distribution data rasterization method and a county-area species distribution data rasterization system, which comprise the following steps: s1, associating each species distribution data in the pre-established species database with the relevant county domain of the county domain map, and generating species distribution vector diagrams in batches; s2, converting the species distribution vector diagram into a species distribution grid diagram in batch; s3, correcting the species distribution grid map according to the altitude distribution range and the ecosystem type of the species to obtain a final species distribution grid map. The influence of county area size on data conversion precision is considered in the data rasterization process, and the species raster data is corrected by utilizing information such as the altitude distribution range and the ecosystem type of the species, so that the data conversion precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a county-area species distribution data rasterization method and system, and belongs to the technical field of geographic information systems.
Background
Vector data and raster data are commonly used data formats in GIS. Compared with vector data, the raster data is more suitable for space analysis such as space superposition, space correlation, space simulation and the like, and generally, the vector data with a larger scale all involve the problems of data confidentiality and intellectual property rights, and after the data is converted into a raster form, data sharing can be conveniently realized due to the relative reduction of space coordinate precision. Moreover, rasterization is also a method that can efficiently handle space-scale problems.
The interconversion of the vector data structure and the raster data structure is one of the basic functions of the geographic information system. Rasterization is a lossy conversion process, and a certain error is generated no matter how the conversion precision is improved. For rasterization of a planar element, errors include type area, spot shape and structure, geometric position, attribute errors, and the like.
Accurate species distribution data is the data basis for biodiversity studies and for the development of protective policy measures. The species distribution grid data becomes an important data format in the researches of species distribution pattern recognition, biodiversity evaluation and simulation, biodiversity protection planning and the like. Each species has specific environmental requirements and thus forms a specific distribution pattern, where altitude and ecosystem are important environmental factors that limit the distribution of species. At present, species distribution information recorded by various national animal and plant blooms, specimen museums and literature data is mostly a county administrative unit as a basic unit, and has a gap with the actual distribution range of species. For example, under the influence of elevation and vegetation, part of species are distributed in mountain areas with high elevation and dense vegetation in county, and part of species are distributed in plain areas with low elevation and sparse vegetation in county. For this reason, it is necessary to convert vector data of a less accurate species distribution into grid data of a higher accuracy based on the species-specific environmental requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for rasterizing county area species distribution data, which take into account the influence of county area size on data conversion accuracy during data rasterization, and correct the species raster data by using information such as altitude distribution range and ecosystem type of the species, so as to improve the data conversion accuracy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a county-area species distribution data rasterization method comprises the following steps: s1, associating each piece of species distribution data in the pre-established county-area species distribution database with the relevant county area of the county-area administrative unit map, and generating species distribution vector diagrams in batches; s2, converting the species distribution vector diagram into a species distribution grid diagram in batch; s3, correcting the species distribution grid map according to the county area size, the altitude distribution range of the species and the type of the ecosystem to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
Further, a species database of the target region is established according to a national wild animal and plant distribution database.
Further, the process of generating the species distribution vector map in step S1 is as follows: comparing the distribution data of each species with a target county administrative unit map, identifying a specific county administrative unit with the species distribution in the target county administrative unit map, extracting a vector map layer of the specific county administrative unit of the species, and forming a species distribution vector map.
Further, the species distribution vector diagram is converted into a species distribution grid diagram by a maximum area principle.
Further, the maximum area principle is: the species distribution vector diagram comprises a plurality of county administrative units, and when only one county administrative unit is in the grid, the grid value is the coding value of the county administrative unit; when two or more county administrative units exist in the grid, the areas of the county administrative units in the grid are calculated and compared, and the code value of the county administrative unit with the largest area is allocated to the grid to serve as the grid value.
Further, the process of correcting the species distribution grid map according to altitude is: and judging whether the altitude of each grid in the species distribution grid map is within the distribution altitude range of the species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and otherwise, assigning the grid to be a null value.
Further, the process of correcting the species distribution grid map according to the ecosystem type is as follows: and judging whether the type of the ecological system of each grid in the species distribution grid map after altitude correction is the same as that of the ecological system of the corresponding species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and if not, assigning the grid to be a null value.
Further, a species may be distributed in a plurality of ecosystems, and the ecosystem type of each grid in the altitude-corrected species distribution grid map is the same as one of the ecosystem types of the corresponding species, and is assigned as 1.
Further, the specific process of judging the type of the ecosystem is as follows: the ecological system types of corresponding species are divided into three-layer structures of trees, when judgment is carried out, whether the ecological system type of each grid in a species distribution grid graph is the same as the ecological system type of the bottom layer or not is judged one by one, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the ecological system type of the grid is the same as the ecological system type of the middle layer or not is judged, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the ecological system type of the grid is the same as the ecological system type of the top layer or not is judged, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, and if not, the grid is assigned to be a null value.
Further, before the rasterization program runs, the coordinate systems of all data need to be unified, and the spatial range of the elevation and the ecosystem data and the size of the grid unit are ensured to be consistent.
The invention also discloses a species distribution data rasterization system based on the county administrative unit, which comprises the following steps: the vector diagram generation module is used for associating each species distribution data in the pre-established species database with relevant county areas of the county area map so as to generate the species distribution vector diagrams in batches; the grid map generating module is used for converting the species distribution vector map into a species distribution grid map in batches; and the correction module is used for correcting the species distribution grid map according to the altitude distribution range and the type of the ecosystem of the species to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: in the process of converting the existing species distribution data based on the administrative units in county areas into the grid data, the influence of the county area size on the data conversion precision is considered, the species grid data is corrected by utilizing information such as the altitude distribution range and the ecosystem type of the species, and the data conversion precision is improved. The batch processing program is developed, a large amount of time and energy are consumed during processing, and large-batch county-area species distribution data rasterization is accurately and inerrably realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a county species distribution data rasterization method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail by way of specific embodiments in order to better understand the technical direction of the present invention for those skilled in the art. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description is provided for a better understanding of the invention only and that they should not be taken as limiting the invention. In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of description only and is not intended to be indicative or implied of relative importance.
Example one
A species distribution data rasterization method based on county administrative units comprises the following steps:
and S1, associating each species distribution data in the pre-established species database with the relevant county domain of the county domain administrative unit map, thereby generating the species distribution vector map in batches.
The species distribution data is derived from a county-level administrative unit-based county-level wildlife and plant distribution database, and comprises species distribution data of groups of Vibrio, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, inland waters fishes and the like of 2376 county-level administrative units in China. And establishing a county intra-area species distribution database of a research purpose, and naming the county intra-area species distribution database as DISTRIBUTION. The species distribution database comprises elements such as species codes, species academic names, provincial code codes, explicit names and explicit codes, and the specific contents of the elements are shown in table 1.
Table 1 element structure in species database
The process of generating the species distribution vector diagram comprises the following steps: comparing each species distribution data with a target county-area map, identifying a specific county area with species distribution in the target county-area map, extracting vector county-area layers of the specific county area of all species, and forming a species distribution vector diagram.
S2, converting the species distribution vector diagram into a species distribution grid diagram in batch.
The species distribution vector diagram is converted into a species distribution grid diagram by the maximum area principle. The maximum area principle is as follows: the species distribution vector diagram comprises a plurality of county administrative units, and when only one county administrative unit is in the grid, the grid value is the coding value of the county administrative unit; when two or more county administrative units exist in the grid, the areas of the county administrative units in the grid are calculated and compared, and the code value of the county administrative unit with the largest area is allocated to the grid to serve as the grid value. When the grid comprises at least one vector county map layer, the grid value is given as 1; and when the vector county map layer is not included in the grid, the grid value is assigned as a null value. Generally, the smaller the switch scale selection, the smaller the information loss of the plaque. Considering the problems of data size, data processing and the like, for each species, a 90m × 90m grid is to be selected to grid the species distribution vector diagram.
S3, correcting the species distribution grid map according to the county area size, the altitude distribution range of the species and the type of the ecosystem to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
The modification process of the species distribution grid map comprises the following steps: the problem of excessive generalization of species distribution can occur in the vector grid conversion process, and the accuracy and precision of species distribution data are influenced. According to the method, according to the altitude range of species distribution and ecological system information, national altitude, land cover or an ecological system diagram are combined, whether the altitude in the grid is within the altitude range of the species distribution or not and whether the type of the ecological system is the type of the ecological system required by the species or not are judged, if yes, the grid species are considered to be distributed, and if not, the grid species are not distributed.
By widely consulting various animal and plant signs, lists, charts and other publicly published documents, the altitude range and the ecosystem type information of species distribution are collected, and a species altitude range and ecosystem type database is generated. The structure of the data elements in the species altitude range and ecosystem type database is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 data element Structure in species altitude Range and ecosystem type database
The process of correcting the species distribution grid map according to altitude is: and judging whether the altitude of each grid in the species distribution grid map is within the distribution altitude range of the species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and otherwise, assigning the grid to be a null value.
The process of correcting the species distribution grid map according to the ecosystem type comprises the following steps: and judging whether the type of the ecological system of each grid in the species distribution grid map after altitude correction is the same as that of the ecological system of the corresponding species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and if not, assigning the grid to be a null value. A species may be distributed among a plurality of ecosystems, and the ecosystem type of each grid in the altitude-corrected species distribution grid map is the same as one of the ecosystem types of the corresponding species, which is assigned as 1.
The specific process of judging the type of the ecosystem comprises the following steps: the ecosystem type of the corresponding species is divided into a tree-shaped three-layer structure, and the specific structure is shown in table 3. When the judgment is carried out, firstly, whether the type of the ecological system of each grid in the species distribution grid graph is the same as that of the ecological system at the bottom layer is judged one by one, if so, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the type of the ecological system of the grid is the same as that of the ecological system at the middle layer is judged, if so, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the type of the ecological system of the grid is the same as that of the ecological system at the top layer is judged, if so, the grid is assigned to be 1, and if not, the grid is assigned to be a null value.
TABLE 3 ecosystem types and codes
The above process is repeated for each species for batch processing. If no altitude data exists, skipping, and rasterizing by using the ecosystem data, and if no ecosystem data exists, rasterizing by using the altitude data. All species distribution rasterized data are named uniformly, and the species codes or Latin names are suggested as unique identifiers and are stored uniformly in a database.
Example two
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment discloses a county-area species distribution data rasterization system, which includes:
the vector diagram generation module is used for associating each species distribution data in the pre-established species database with relevant county areas of the county area map so as to generate the species distribution vector diagrams in batches;
the grid map generation module is used for converting the species distribution vector map into a species distribution grid map in batches according to the county area size;
and the correction module is used for correcting the species distribution grid map according to the altitude distribution range and the type of the ecosystem of the species to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims. The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A county-area species distribution data rasterization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, associating each species distribution data in the pre-established county-area species distribution database with the relevant county area of the county-area administrative unit map, and generating species distribution vector diagrams in batches;
s2, converting the species distribution vector diagram into a species distribution grid diagram in batch;
s3, correcting the species distribution grid map according to the altitude distribution range and the ecosystem type of the species to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
2. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 1 wherein the county species distribution database is built from a national wild animal and plant distribution database.
3. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 1 wherein the step of generating the species distribution vector map in step S1 is as follows: comparing each species distribution data with a target county and region map, identifying a specific county and region administrative unit with the species distribution in the target county and region administrative unit map, extracting a vector map layer of the specific county and region administrative unit of the species, and forming a species distribution vector map.
4. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 1 wherein the species distribution vector map is converted to a species distribution grid map by the maximum area principle.
5. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 4 wherein the maximum area principle is: the species distribution vector diagram comprises a plurality of county administrative units, and when a grid of the species distribution vector diagram only comprises one county administrative unit, a grid value is a coding value of the county administrative unit; when two or more county administrative units exist in the grid, the areas of the county administrative units in the grid are calculated and compared, and the code value of the county administrative unit with the largest area is allocated to the grid to serve as the grid value.
6. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 3 wherein the process of correcting the species distribution raster map according to altitude is: and judging whether the altitude of each grid in the species distribution grid map is within the distribution altitude range of the species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and otherwise, assigning the grid to be a null value.
7. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 6 wherein the process of correcting the species distribution raster map according to the ecosystem type is: and judging whether the type of the ecological system of each grid in the species distribution grid map after altitude correction is the same as that of the ecological system of the corresponding species one by one, if so, assigning the grid to be 1, and if not, assigning the grid to be a null value.
8. The county species distribution data rasterization method of claim 6 wherein if a species is distributed among a plurality of ecosystem types, the ecosystem type of each grid in the altitude-corrected species distribution grid map is the same as one of the ecosystem types of the corresponding species and is assigned a value of 1.
9. The county species distribution data rasterization method of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the ecosystem type is determined by the specific process of: the ecological system types of corresponding species are divided into three-layer structures of trees, when judgment is carried out, whether the ecological system type of each grid in a species distribution grid graph is the same as the ecological system type of the bottom layer or not is judged one by one, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the ecological system type of the grid is the same as the ecological system type of the middle layer or not is judged, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, if not, whether the ecological system type of the grid is the same as the ecological system type of the top layer or not is judged, if yes, the grid is assigned to be 1, and if not, the grid is assigned to be a null value.
10. A county-area species distribution data rasterization system comprising:
the vector diagram generation module is used for associating each species distribution data in the pre-established species database with relevant county areas of the county area map so as to generate the species distribution vector diagrams in batches;
the grid map generation module is used for converting the species distribution vector map into a species distribution grid map in batches according to the county area size;
and the correction module is used for correcting the species distribution grid map according to the altitude distribution range and the type of the ecosystem of the species to obtain a final species distribution grid map.
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