CN111855502A - Device and method for measuring wettability of reservoir rock under action of current - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring wettability of reservoir rock under action of current Download PDFInfo
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- CN111855502A CN111855502A CN202010765888.3A CN202010765888A CN111855502A CN 111855502 A CN111855502 A CN 111855502A CN 202010765888 A CN202010765888 A CN 202010765888A CN 111855502 A CN111855502 A CN 111855502A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring reservoir rock wettability under the action of current, wherein the device comprises the following components: a light source forming an exit light path along a first direction; a camera located in the exit light path for capturing a contact angle image; a container located between the light source and the camera and used for containing a solution with a preset ratio, wherein the container extends lengthways along a second direction which is vertical to the first direction; a holder positioned in the container and capable of holding the rock sample in solution, the holder being made of an insulating material; an injector for injecting crude oil to a lower surface of the rock sample; the first electrode and the second electrode are distributed along the second direction in a deviating way; and the power supply is electrically connected with the first electrode and the second electrode and used for providing an electric field, and the electrified first electrode and the electrified second electrode are electrically communicated through the solution. The method can measure the wettability change of the reservoir rock at different positions and different times under the action of the current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of development of compact oil reservoirs, in particular to a device and a method for measuring reservoir rock wettability under the action of current.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Recent exploration shows that the exploration of compact oil in China has huge reserves. How to effectively develop the oil reservoir of the type is a key problem which needs to be solved urgently by the nation. The research shows that: the Chinese compact oil reservoir is mainly based on continental facies deposition, has poor physical property, fine pore throat, poor connectivity and low reservoir pressure coefficient, and 30 to 50 percent of movable crude oil is stored in the submicron pore throat of 0.1 to 1.0 mu m. Due to the particularity of the pore throats of the compact oil reservoirs, the general water injection energy supplement is difficult to realize, the formation pressure and the single well yield are reduced rapidly in the process of exploitation, the recovery ratio is low, and the exploitation degree of the production by means of natural energy is generally lower than 10%.
The wettability is a main factor influencing the distribution and flow of oil and water in rock pores, and simultaneously directly restricts the capillary force of oil and water relative permeability and the oil recovery ratio. It is crucial for the development of reservoirs.
Chinese patent CN104697902B describes a method for determining rock wettability in an electric field, which comprises: a. the method comprises the following steps of (1) enabling sample rock, environmental liquid and test liquid to be in a three-phase system in a sample pool made of insulating materials; b. observing initial wettability and contact angle characteristics of the sample rock when no electric field is applied; c. after an electric field is applied to the three-phase system in the sample cell by an electrode plate located outside the sample cell, the change in the contact angle of the test liquid on the sample rock surface is observed.
Because the method uses the sample cell made of insulating materials, the electrode plate is arranged outside the sample cell and is not in direct contact with the solution, only the action of applying an electric field is generated in the determination process, but current cannot be generated, so that the action of an electrokinetic factor on wettability is directly eliminated, and the determination of reservoir wettability under the action of current cannot be described.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one problem, and provides a device and a method for measuring the wettability of reservoir rock under the action of current, which can realize the wettability change of the reservoir rock at different positions and different times under the action of current.
The embodiment of the application discloses survey device of reservoir rock wettability under electric current effect, this survey device of reservoir rock wettability under electric current effect includes:
a light source forming an exit light path along a first direction;
a camera located in the exit light path for capturing a contact angle image;
a container located between the light source and the camera and used for containing a solution with a preset proportioning, wherein the container extends lengthways along a second direction which is vertical to the first direction;
a holder located in the container and for fixing a rock sample in the solution, the holder being made of an insulating material; the rock sample having opposing upper and lower surfaces;
an injector for injecting a predetermined amount of crude oil to a lower surface of the rock sample;
the first electrode and the second electrode extend into the solution in the container at one end, and are distributed along the second direction in a mode of deviating from each other;
and the power supply is electrically connected with the first electrode and the second electrode and is used for providing an electric field, and the first electrode and the second electrode after being electrified form electric communication through the solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by electric current further comprises a controller electrically connected to the camera, and determining the contact angle based on the contact angle image obtained by the camera.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the scaffold comprises: polytetrafluoroethylene.
In a preferred embodiment, the container is a rectangular water tank, the direction of the long side of the rectangular water tank is the second direction, and the material of the container is organic glass.
In a preferred embodiment, the power source is a dc power source, and when the power source is turned on, an anode region is formed around the first electrode, a cathode region is formed around the second electrode, and an intermediate region is formed between the cathode region and the anode region.
In a preferred embodiment, the device further comprises an adjustment member capable of adjusting at least the position of the container in the second direction.
In a preferred embodiment, the electric field intensity formed between the first electrode and the second electrode by the direct current power supply is not more than 500V/m.
A method for measuring reservoir rock wettability based on the current comprises the following steps:
placing the holder with the rock sample fixed thereon at a predetermined position in the container; determining the positions of the container, the light source and the camera;
injecting a predetermined amount of crude oil into the lower surface of the rock sample using an injector;
periodically capturing a contact angle image, determining a contact angle based on the contact angle image; when the contact angle is kept unchanged, the rock sample, the crude oil and the solution reach equilibrium, and the contact angle at the moment is the contact angle of the reservoir;
the power is turned on, contact angle images are periodically captured again, and contact angles of the reservoir obtained in each period are determined based on the contact angle images to form data of the change of the contact angle with time under a predetermined electric field.
In a preferred embodiment, the assay method further comprises: and changing the voltage of the power supply to obtain the data of the change of the contact angle along with time under different currents.
In a preferred embodiment, the assay method further comprises: changing the position of the rock sample in the container to obtain the data of the change of the contact angle of the rock sample in different positions along with time; the position of the rock sample in the container comprises: an anode region adjacent the first electrode, a cathode region adjacent the second electrode, and a region intermediate the anode and cathode regions.
In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises, prior to performing the assay, slicing the rock sample, grinding at least the lower surface for attachment of crude oil, and placing the ground rock sample in a solution for immersion.
The direct current electric field can improve the recovery ratio of a reservoir, and the large-scale application of the technology in an oil field is greatly limited by how the direct current electric field acts on the reservoir and how the direct current electric field affects the properties of the reservoir. Wettability is an extremely important surface property of the reservoir. Patent CN104697902B invented the research on the wettability of the reservoir under the action of an electric field, but the patent neglects the action of current on the reservoir, so that electrokinetic phenomena (electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis) can be generated, and simultaneously, the objective rule that the tested liquid (crude oil) is lower in density than the environmental liquid (saline water, water) and floats upwards is violated. The wettability change of the reservoir under the action of the electric field objective law cannot be accurately described.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that: in order to research the change condition of the wettability of the reservoir under the action of a direct current electric field. The device can research the change condition of the wettability of the reservoir in different time periods (real time) under different current actions by adding a platinum electrode, an organic glass water tank, a polytetrafluoroethylene support and a direct current power supply instrument. The device can greatly promote the research of improving the reservoir recovery ratio by the direct current electric field, thereby developing the reservoir more efficiently, in particular to a compact reservoir.
Specific embodiments of the present application are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the application may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not so limited in scope.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock under the action of an electric current, provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a relative position relationship among a power source, an electrode, a container and a rock sample in the device for measuring reservoir rock wettability under the action of current provided in the test mode of the present application;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of steps of a method for determining wettability of reservoir rock in real time under the action of electric current according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of reference numerals:
100. an object stage; 10. a rock sample; 1. a light source; 2. a camera; 3. a container; 4. an injector; 5. an adjustment member; 6. a support; 7. a power source; 81. a first electrode; 82. a second electrode.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The method for improving the reservoir recovery ratio by direct current is already applied to the heavy oil reservoir in foreign countries, and a better application effect is achieved. Such as the erio basin fields in california, usa, the laeedamard heavy oil belts in the sas karchester province and alberta, canada, and the san joker basin fields in argentina. Relevant experiments have demonstrated that direct current will significantly enhance the recovery of tight oil reservoirs. The direct current can change the interfacial property of the reservoir through the movement of the charges, so that the seepage capability of oil and water is improved, and meanwhile, the connectivity of the reservoir can be effectively improved through the electrolysis and the electric heating, so that the recovery rate is improved. The direct current method has unique advantages for compact oil reservoirs which are difficult to adopt a common method for improving the recovery ratio, and has huge economic and environmental advantages. Therefore, the direct current electric field enhanced recovery factor has extremely important practical significance for the effective development of the compact oil reservoir.
At present, the main research methods of the action and the effect of direct current on a reservoir stratum are an experimental method and a theoretical simulation method. The experimental method mainly aims at carbonate reservoirs and Berea sandstone reservoirs, and displacement experiments of an external electric field are carried out on reservoir cores by using the insulated core holders, and the results show that the direct-current electric energy obviously improves the recovery ratio of the reservoirs. Related electric laboratory tests (Chilingar et al, 1970) and the like have shown that low battery helps to improve the Berea sandstone recovery. (Aggouret et al, 1992) et al investigated the effect of electroosmosis on relative permeability by dynamic displacement experiments and showed that voltage gradients increased oil phase relative permeability and decreased water phase relative permeability, with reservoir recovery and applied voltage gradients showing a positive correlation. (Shalabi et al, 2012) and others study the flow effect of Berea sandstone using constant voltage in combination with saline flooding, and the results show that the core permeability increases by 223% when the hydraulic direction and the electroosmotic direction are the same; when the hydraulic direction is opposite to the electroosmosis direction, the permeability of the rock core has no obvious change. (Ghosh et al, 2012) and the like, and the results of researches on the permeability and recovery ratio of the Berea sandstone reservoir under an external direct-current electric field show that the direction of the external direct-current electric field has obvious influence on the permeability and recovery ratio of the reservoir, the forward permeability is increased by 59%, the oil displacement is increased by 11.6%, the reverse permeability is increased by 10%, and the oil displacement is not obviously increased. The research on the effect of different acid liquor concentrations and voltage gradients under the action of a carbonate rock external direct-current electric field is carried out (Ansari et al, 2015) and the like, and experiments show that the recovery rate is increased by 17% -29% and the permeability is increased by 11% -53% by the external direct-current electric field.
Some scholars adopt a theoretical simulation method to simplify the actual flow, and the direct current electric energy is also proved to improve the reservoir recovery ratio. (Zanningsheng et al, 1998) et al believe that the electroosmotic flow in the capillary is proportional to the square of the capillary radius, and as the capillary radius decreases, the electroosmotic flow effect is significant, thereby priming the fluid where hydrodynamic forces cannot prime. According to the capillary double-electric-layer theory and the pore medium seepage theory, an oil-water two-phase seepage model under an external direct current electric field is established, and the results show that the direct current electric field can effectively improve the relative seepage relation of oil and water two phases, and the oil phase permeability is increased and the water phase permeability is reduced along with the increase of the potential gradient. And (Wangyoudou et al, 2000) and the like are started from a capillary model of porous medium seepage, and an electrodynamic force hydrodynamic coupling formula under a reservoir condition is established, and the result shows that the electroosmosis effect and the electric heating effect generated by the electrodynamic force can improve the water displacement recovery ratio. (Huangliubin et al, 2007) and the like use a finite element method to simulate the unidirectional fluid seepage velocity in the porous medium under the external direct current electric field, and the results show that the fluid seepage velocity under the external direct current electric field is increased by 1-7.5 times. (Peraki et al, 2018) et al used an implicit pressure display saturation method to simulate the flow of two-phase immiscible liquids under an applied DC electric field, and the results show that the applied DC electric field in combination with water flooding contributes to enhanced recovery.
(Zhang et al, 2019) applying direct current to a compact oil reservoir, and experimental results show that the optimal voltage gradient and the optimal ionic solution concentration exist, and the experimental oil displacement efficiency is increased along with the increase of the voltage gradient under the optimal voltage gradient. In summary, the literature, the experimental literature and the simulation literature all show that the direct current electric energy improves the recovery rate of the reservoir. Therefore, under the condition that unconventional energy sources (tight sandstone) are increasingly valued, the research of improving the recovery ratio of the tight oil reservoir by a direct current electric field is very important.
Chinese patent CN104697902B describes a method for measuring rock wettability under electric field, because the electric field provided by it is set on both sides of the insulated container, and it does not form electric connection, and the current does not produce various influences on the liquid-rock system, such as electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis effect. The subject system to which this patent is directed does not contain the effect of current on the reservoir-rock system. In fact, it is due to various electrokinetic phenomena after the application of electric current that the recovery of crude oil is significantly improved. The following section describes the electrokinetic mechanism of DC electric field for enhanced reservoir recovery. Including electroosmotic, electrophoretic, and electrolytic effects.
The electric mechanism for improving the reservoir recovery ratio by direct current mainly comprises the following components:
electric heating, electroosmosis and viscous force action. The electrothermal effect means that under an external direct current electric field, the action of ohmic heat can cause the viscosity of fluid in a reservoir to change, and the seepage of the fluid is increased. Electroosmosis is the process of wetting a porous medium with water, passing a direct current through the pore space, and electroosmotic flow of a substance (water, ions) occurs, which increases the flow of the substance through the porous medium. Electroosmotic flow generated by the electric double layer generates momentum in the wetting phase (water) and is transferred to the non-wetting phase (oil) by viscous force, which is viscous momentum transfer. Interfacial transport of species and the resulting "viscous forces" are the main driving forces for transport of hydrocarbon compounds near the interface.
② the change effect of clay mineral structure. Electrophoretic transport occurs when hydrophobic molecules attach to colloidal particles or relatively large hydrocarbon molecules form colloid-micelles. The colloidal particles are washed out by electrophoresis, and the pore throat of the porous matrix is enlarged, so that more fluid can be transmitted under the action of a direct current electric field. (Zanningsheng et al, 1998) et al believe that under the action of the DC electric field, the clay minerals at the pore throat which act as the major resistance to the fluid are often destroyed and become stuck and the fluid seepage resistance is reduced. (Shalabiet al, 2012), et al, analysis of experimental results from direct current enhanced Berea sandstone recovery, the clay decomposed and moved in colloidal form, resulting in an increase in the effective pore throat diameter. (Ghosh et al, 2012) and the like show that the structure and the content of the clay mineral are changed after direct current is applied through a mass spectrometer and X-ray diffraction results.
And the functions of electrolysis and electrowetting. In a reservoir/brine/oil system, the reaction of the brine electrolysis product with the oil carboxylic acid forms a surfactant at the water/oil interface, significantly reducing the oil-water interfacial tension, altering wettability, and thus enhancing recovery. (Fluurea et al, 1988) et al indicate that the electrolysis products of brine and acidic impurities in oil produce surfactants in the oil layer and that the interfacial tension is reduced. The electrowetting phenomenon is that under an external direct current electric field, the interfacial tension of a solid-liquid interface is reduced, the contact angle is reduced, and the wettability is increased. (Kariminezhad et al, 2018) and the like research the influence of different applied direct current electric fields on the properties of the solid interface, and the contact angle after electrokinetic treatment is found to be smaller than the contact angle (109.4 ℃) controlled by centrifugation, which indicates that the electrokinetic effect can effectively change the wettability of the solid interface. (Karna et al, 2018) and the like research the change mechanism of the contact angle under an external direct current electric field through a molecular simulation technology, and find that the change of the interface hydrogen bond structure and the increase of the interface viscous force can cause the contact angle to be reduced.
Since wettability is critical to reservoir development. In the research of improving the recovery rate of the tight reservoir by using the direct current electric field, the change of the wettability of the reservoir under the external direct current electric field must be accurately and specifically described.
Relevant research results show that the direct current field can improve the recovery ratio of the reservoir, and the method is a promising technical means for improving the recovery ratio. However, at present, it is unclear how the direct electric field acts on the reservoir and how it affects the reservoir properties, which greatly limits the application of this method in oil fields. The wettability is an extremely important property of a reservoir, and the change under the action of a direct current electric field is not researched at present. Mainly the lack of relevant laboratory instruments. The patent CN104697902B previously invented a method for measuring reservoir wettability under the action of an electric field, but this method excluded the action of electrokinetic phenomena (such as electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis) on reservoir rocks.
Based on the device, the device capable of measuring the wettability of the reservoir rock in real time under the action of the current and the corresponding test method are invented. Based on the measuring device and the method, the following can be realized: the effect of current on reservoir rock wettability at different times was monitored. Such a device takes into account the effect of electrokinetic phenomena on the reservoir. The wettability of the reservoir at different locations (anode, middle and cathode regions) after electrolysis can also be accurately described. The device and the method have great promotion effect on the research of improving the reservoir recovery ratio by the direct current field and the application of technical means related to the direct current field to the oil field.
Because the rock wettability needs to be measured under an external direct current electric field, the requirement on the insulation performance of the device is high. In an air state, due to the existence of pores, the shape of liquid drops is changed on the surface continuously, and the liquid drops are spread completely finally, so that a stable rock-liquid-air system cannot be formed, and great interference is caused to a contact angle test. Based on this, the determination of the wettability of the reservoir rock under the action of the current provided by the application is to test the contact angle under a liquid environment.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by electric current provided in the embodiments of the present specification may include: a light source 1, a camera 2, a container 3, a holder 6, an injector 4, a first electrode 81 and a second electrode 82, and a power supply 7.
In addition, the device for measuring the wettability of the reservoir rock under the action of the current can also comprise a stage 100, and the light source 1, the camera 2, the injector 4, the container 3 and the like can be arranged on the stage 100. The objective table 100 can be a platform capable of realizing three-dimensional manual fine adjustment, and is flexible to operate and accurate in positioning during use.
In the present embodiment, the light source 1 forms an outgoing light path along the first direction, and is used in cooperation with the camera 2 to improve the sharpness of the shooting boundary when shooting the contact angle image for the camera 2. Specifically, the light source 1 can adopt dense LED cold light, and the light source has uniform light emission, clear pattern and long service life.
In the present embodiment, a camera 2 is located in the exit light path formed by the light source 1 for capturing a contact angle image. The camera 2 has a lens whose focal length can be adjusted. When the device is used, the contact angle image of the crude oil starts to be captured after the rock sample-saline water-crude oil interface image is clear by adjusting the focal length of the lens. Specifically, the camera 2 can adopt a CCD camera, and the camera has stable shooting, clear image, trueness and reliability.
In this embodiment, a holder 6 is located in the container 3 and is used to fix the rock sample 10 in the solution. The holder 6 is made of an insulating material. To realize the function of measuring the rock wettability under the action of current, an external direct current electric field needs to be connected. The metal support 6 in the solution environment is easy to react chemically under the action of current, so that chemical precipitation is generated, the solution is polluted, and the failure of measuring the contact angle can be caused. Therefore, the bracket 6 made of polytetrafluoroethylene is used for avoiding the action of a direct current electric field and playing a supporting role at the same time.
In the present embodiment, the rock sample 10 for testing may be a sheet having a certain thickness, which may be obtained after core cutting of a columnar shape. The thin sheet-like rock sample 10 has opposite upper and lower surfaces, wherein the lower surface of the rock sample 10 is used for attaching oil droplets, and therefore, at least the lower surface of the rock sample 10 needs to be ground several times to have a small roughness.
In this embodiment, a container 3 is located between the light source 1 and the camera 2 and internally contains a solution of a predetermined ratio. The solution may be a solution composed of different ions, and the specific ratio thereof may be set according to actual requirements, which is not specifically limited herein. For example, the solution may be a salt solution including sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and the like.
The container 3 extends lengthwise in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction as a whole. The container 3 can be a sink with an open upper end. Furthermore, the practical laboratory measurement core is generally in a cylindrical shape, so that the water tank is changed into a cuboid water tank, and the wetting property of the laboratory measurement core is better fitted. When the container 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped water tank having an open upper end, the extending direction of the long side is the second direction of the water tank.
In the present embodiment, the material of the water tank is also preferable. The glass water tank commonly used in the general experiment generally contains silica. The dc electric field can have an effect on the silicon dioxide (e.g., surface charge). Because the silica undergoes different equilibrium reactions under different acid-base environments. Specifically, the chemical formula of the silicon dioxide is SiO2Since the silanol (. ident.Si-OH) group on the glass surface has acidity, the silanol (. ident.Si-OH) group is dissociated in the solution. And quartz surface groups are changed with changes in pH of the aqueous solution, and electrically neutral silanol (≡ Si-OH) groups are converted into electropositive silanol (≡ SiO-) groups when the hydrogen ion concentration is lowered to a certain extent, and electrically neutral silanol (≡ Si-OH) groups are converted into electropositive silanol (≡ SiOH) groups when the hydrogen ion concentration is raised to a certain extent2+) A group. )
In order to enable the direct current electric field to act perfectly on the sample without influencing the surrounding glass, in the embodiment of the application, the glass water tank is replaced by transparent organic glass (acrylic) so as to better keep the insulating property. The chemical name of the high polymer transparent material is polymethyl methacrylate, which is a high polymer compound formed by polymerizing methyl methacrylate and is an important thermoplastic plastic developed earlier.
In this embodiment, the injector 4 is used to inject a predetermined amount of crude oil into the lower surface of the rock sample 10. Wherein, the injector 4 can be a U-shaped micro injector 4. The lower end of the injector 4 is provided with a U-shaped injection head. When crude oil is injected to the lower surface of the rock sample 10 by using the injector 4, the outlet end of the U-shaped injector head can be accurately positioned at a position where the crude oil is required to drop on the lower side of the lower surface of the rock sample 10. The crude oil is less dense than water and will float upwards gradually, and when meeting the sample, the shape of the crude oil drop changes due to the molecular force (van der waals force, structural force, electrostatic force) of the rock-solution-crude oil system, and finally reaches the equilibrium state. The crude oil may be injected in a drop amount of about 2.5. mu.l. Specifically, this syringe 4 can with controller electric connection, by the injection speed and the injection volume of this syringe 4 of controller control to guarantee that the dropping liquid is stable, guarantee the dropping liquid precision simultaneously.
In this embodiment, two electrodes, a first electrode 81 and a second electrode 82, are provided on both sides of the container 3. One end of the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 extends into the solution in the container 3. Specifically, the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are distributed away from each other along the longitudinal direction (i.e., the second direction) of the rectangular parallelepiped water tank. Specifically, the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are fixed to the side walls of the two short sides by fixing members, respectively.
In this embodiment, a power source 7 is electrically connected to the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 for providing an electric field, and the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are electrically connected through the solution after being electrified. Specifically, the power supply 7 may be a dc power supply 7, the power supply 7 is the dc power supply 7, when the power supply 7 is turned on, an anode region is formed around the first electrode 81, a cathode region is formed around the second electrode 82, and an intermediate region is formed between the cathode region and the anode region. The voltage of the power supply 7 may be a lower voltage value, for example 10V or the like. Of course, the specific value of the supply voltage of the dc power supply 7 is not limited in this application.
In the prior art, for example, the electrode plate of patent described in CN104697902B is outside the insulation cell, and is not in direct contact with the solution and the sample, and can not generate a circuit path. Thus, a large electric field strength is required during the application of the voltage. The applied electric field is 3478V/m as in the example, and the abscissa of the figure in this patent extends to 7000V/m. In the actual oil field production process, if the comparison setting is carried out based on the patent of CN104697902B, the required voltage is extremely large, and the cost of the consumed electric quantity is correspondingly very high.
Specifically, the electric field intensity formed between the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 by the dc power supply 7 provided by the present application is not more than 500V/m.
In the invention, because the circuit path is realized, the actually required direct current voltage intensity is lower. Meanwhile, the current literature indicates that the optimal voltage gradient for electrically driving the tight sandstone in the indoor test process is 2V/cm, which is reduced to 200V/m. The optimal voltage gradient for electric drive of carbonate rock in the room is 1V/cm, which is reduced to 100V/m. In an electric drive experiment of the artificial core, the maximum voltage gradient is 4V/cm, which is converted into 400V/m. In view of the practical operability of applying dc electric fields to oilfield sites, the patent of CN104697902B requires more power consumption to be applied. The possibility of practical application of the channel dc electric field of the present invention is greater from the economical viewpoint, in addition to the electric mechanism viewpoint. Therefore, the method has stronger promoting significance for researching the direct current electric field to improve the reservoir recovery ratio.
Chemical precipitation occurs due to the solution and current applied to other non-inert electrodes. In one embodiment, the dc power supply 7 and the inert electrode are selected so as to provide a stable dc electric field. Specifically, the inert electrode may be a platinum electrode. When the device is installed, two platinum electrodes can be placed on two sides of the inner wall of the cuboid organic glass water tank and connected through the electrode clamps. Meanwhile, the rectangular water tank is perpendicular to the light source 1 in the length and width direction relative to the light source 1 in the contact angle measurement. Different chemical reactions can be generated at the two electrodes due to the electrolysis of the direct current electric field. The anode produces oxidation to produce hydrogen ions, and the cathode produces reduction to produce hydroxyl ions. The method can still describe the wettability change condition of the reservoir under the action of the direct current electric field for different positions. If the change condition of the reservoir wettability of the anode region under the external direct current electric field needs to be measured, only the polytetrafluoroethylene bracket 6 and the sheet need to be placed in the anode region. And (3) measuring the change condition of the reservoir wettability of the middle area under the external direct current electric field, and only placing the polytetrafluoroethylene support 6 and the sheet in the middle area. And the change condition of the reservoir wettability of the cathode region under the external direct-current electric field is measured, and only the polytetrafluoroethylene support 6 and the sheet are required to be placed in the cathode region, so that the detection is more convenient. Therefore, when the direct current electric field is applied to measure the wettability of the reservoir at different positions, only the different positions (the anode region, the middle region and the cathode region) of the rectangular water tank are respectively vertical to the direction of the light source 1 of the contact angle measuring instrument.
In one embodiment, the measuring device may further comprise an adjusting member 5, the rectangular water tank may be prevented from being placed on the adjusting member 5, and the adjusting member 5 may at least precisely adjust the position of the water tank along the second direction, thereby facilitating measurement of contact angle images of the rock sample 10 at different positions of the water tank. In particular, the adjustment member 5 can also change the height position of the water tank in the third direction. The third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, respectively.
Before taking an image with the camera 2, the focal length of the lens of the camera 2 can be adjusted until the image of the sample-brine-crude oil interface is clear. The measurement device may further comprise a controller electrically connected to the camera 2 for determining the contact angle based on the contact angle image acquired by the camera 2. For this reason, the capture period of the contact angle image may also be set by the controller.
An image of the crude oil is captured using a camera 2, recording the shape of the oil droplets at intervals. And then analyzing the liquid drop profile by using image analysis software carried by a contact angle measuring instrument to calculate the contact angle. The contact angle of water phase is 180 degrees-the contact angle of oil phase. The recording was continued until the value of the contact angle no longer changed, at which point the rock-solution-crude oil system reached equilibrium, at which point the water phase contact angle was that of the reservoir sample. Contact angles are classified into water-wet, neutral-wet and oil-wet characteristics.
It should be added that: the sum of the contact angles of oil and water is 180 °. The contact angle of water is between 0 and 75 degrees for water wetting, between 75 and 105 degrees for neutral wetting, and between 105 and 180 degrees for oil wetting. Oil wetting is achieved if the contact angle of the oil is between 0 and 75 degrees, neutral wetting is achieved between 75 and 105 degrees, and water wetting is achieved between 105 and 180 degrees. The wettability of the rock sample 10 can be determined from the magnitude of the contact angle and a particular classification of the wettability of a particular rock sample 10 can be determined.
As shown in fig. 3, based on the device for determining wettability of reservoir rock under current, the present application also provides a method for determining wettability of reservoir rock under current, and the method for determining wettability of reservoir rock under current mainly includes the following steps:
step S10: placing the holder 6 with the rock sample 10 fixed thereto in a predetermined position in the container 3; determining the positions of the container 3, the light source 1 and the camera 2;
step S12: injecting a predetermined amount of crude oil on the lower surface of the rock sample 10 using the injector 4;
step S14: periodically capturing a contact angle image, determining a contact angle based on the contact angle image; when the contact angle is kept unchanged, the rock sample 10, the crude oil and the solution reach equilibrium, and the contact angle at the moment is the contact angle of the reservoir;
step S16: the power supply 7 is turned on and contact angle images are again captured periodically, based on which contact angles of the reservoir obtained in each period are determined to form data on the change in contact angle with time under a predetermined electric field.
The measurement method is described below with reference to a specific operation flow.
(1) The rock sample 10 to be tested is cut into thin slices and placed in the solution to be measured for immersion in order to achieve sufficient contact and reaction of the rock and solution.
(2) The rock laminate was placed on a teflon holder 6 and the positions (cathode, middle and anode regions) were adjusted. Specifically, the change of wettability of the reservoir slice in which region needs to be measured in the direct-current electric field, and the polytetrafluoroethylene support 6 is placed at the corresponding region position.
(3) The light source 1 is adjusted to obtain the position of the sample piece. Crude oil was injected by using a U-shaped micro syringe 4 (the amount of crude oil in this experiment was 2.5 μ l), a contact angle image was captured every 5 minutes, and the contact angle was calculated using the own analysis software of the contact angle measuring instrument. The recording is continued until the contact angle remains unchanged, at which point the rock-crude-solution reaches equilibrium, and the contact angle at which the stability is calculated is defined as the contact angle of the reservoir (the contact angle of the reservoir itself before treatment with no applied dc field, i.e. the wettability).
(4) And (3) turning on a direct current power supply 7 instrument, adding an external direct current electric field, for example, 10V, capturing a contact angle image for 5 minutes, and calculating the contact angle by using analysis software carried by the contact angle measuring instrument. And continuously recording to obtain the change of the contact angle of the reservoir under a certain direct current electric field at different time, namely measuring the change of the wettability of the reservoir rock under the direct current electric field in real time.
(5) The contact angle data measured in real time under different currents can be obtained by changing the voltage. The change of the wettability of the reservoir rock under different currents in different time periods can be researched.
The test results show that: the method and the device can realize the function of measuring the wettability of the reservoir in real time under the action of the direct current electric field. Specifically, experimental verification shows that: when the test time reached around half an hour, the contact angle dropped 6.938 °, and the hydrophilicity of the rock sample 10 increased. The experimental data verifies that the wettability of reservoir rock is reduced with the increase of treatment time under the action of the direct current electric field, and simultaneously verifies that the direct current electric field can reduce the contact angle of the surface of the material.
It is emphasized that the present application has the following differences with respect to the prior art, for example (patent CN 104697902B):
first, the prior patent CN104697902B directly eliminates the effect of current. Specifically, in this patent, the sample rock, the environmental liquid and the test liquid share a common system in a sample cell made of an insulating material. Wherein the sample cell has insulating properties. And electrode plates are added on the outer sides of two sides of the insulated sample cell to apply an electric field to realize the change of the contact angle of the liquid on the surface of the sample. One such problem is that electrokinetic reactions, such as electrolytic reactions, cannot occur because the electrodes are not in contact with the solution and the sample rock.
Because of the sample cell of insulating material, the circuit is not a via and cannot generate current, so the effect of the applied electric field is only. At present, the direct current electric field is applied to reservoirs to improve the recovery efficiency mainly by using electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis generated by current. Electroosmosis and electromigration are the movement of water and ions in solution from the anode direction to the cathode direction under the action of an electric field. In electrolysis, the anode is oxidized to generate hydrogen ions, and the cathode is reduced to generate hydroxyl ions. Electrophoresis is the movement of charged colloids in solution under the action of an electric field.
One of the main purposes of the application is to realize an electric phenomenon by realizing a circuit path, and research the action research of current on the wettability of reservoir rock.
In addition, the CN104697902B sample is placed at the bottom of the sample pool, and crude oil or other hydrocarbon liquid is adopted to attach the surface of the sample. However, crude oil and hydrocarbons generally have lower densities than water (including brine, etc.), and if crude oil or hydrocarbon droplets are dropped into the solution, they float to the surface of the environmental liquid (brine), and the droplets cannot adhere to the surface of the sample.
The invention adopts a liquid water tank, an insulated bracket 6, a U-shaped micro syringe 4 to take crude oil, a camera 2 to capture an oil drop image, and analysis software carried by a computer to analyze a contact angle. The operation is simpler, more convenient, efficient and accurate by using the method.
Under the action of a direct current electric field, different chemical reactions can be generated between the cathode and the anode due to the generation of a path. The anode loses electrons and generates oxidation reaction to generate hydrogen ions, and the cathode obtains electrons and generates reduction reaction to generate hydroxyl ions. The patent CN104697902B does not consider the situation that the current changes in the environment of the rock reservoir at different locations, especially in the field development project, the application of the dc electric field causes the change in the environment of the reservoir. The change in wettability of the core at different locations (anode, middle and cathode regions) after dc field treatment could not be detected.
In summary, the methods described in the prior art are applicable to the determination of the wettability of reservoir rock by an electric field, excluding electrokinetic effects (e.g. electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis). In fact, the mechanism for improving the reservoir recovery rate by using the direct current electric field is mainly the electric action. Thus, the prior art fails to describe the determination of reservoir wettability in the presence of electrokinetic phenomena (electrical currents). And neglects the problem that the crude oil has lower density than water and is easy to float on the water surface. Meanwhile, the method for measuring the wettability of the reservoir core at different positions under the action of current is considered to be unavailable at present. Based on the method, the change of the wettability of the reservoir rock under the action of the current at different positions (an anode region, a middle region and a cathode region) at different times under the action of the current and in consideration of electrokinetic mechanisms (electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis) can be realized by inventing a measuring method of the wettability of the rock under the action of the current.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the application achieves at least the following technical effects:
(1) the electrokinetic phenomena (electroosmosis, electrophoresis and electrolysis) of the reservoir under the action of current and the like are realized, and the change of the wettability of the reservoir under the action of current can be accurately described.
(2) The device and the method can detect the wettability change of reservoir rock at different positions (an anode region, a middle region and a cathode region) at different time.
Any numerical value recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value that are incremented by one unit, provided that there is a separation of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if it is stated that the number of a component or a value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that equivalents such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also expressly enumerated in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is suitably considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are only examples of what is intended to be explicitly recited, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value that are explicitly recited in the specification in a similar manner are to be considered.
Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. The use of "about" or "approximately" with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to about 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the endpoints specified.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the inventors be construed as having contemplated such subject matter as being part of the disclosed subject matter.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock under the action of electric current, comprising:
a light source forming an exit light path along a first direction;
a camera located in the exit light path for capturing a contact angle image;
a container located between the light source and the camera and used for containing a solution with a preset proportioning, wherein the container extends lengthways along a second direction which is vertical to the first direction;
a holder located in the container and for fixing a rock sample in the solution, the holder being made of an insulating material; the rock sample having opposing upper and lower surfaces;
an injector for injecting a predetermined amount of crude oil to a lower surface of the rock sample;
the first electrode and the second electrode extend into the solution in the container at one end, and are distributed along the second direction in a mode of deviating from each other;
and the power supply is electrically connected with the first electrode and the second electrode and is used for providing an electric field, and the first electrode and the second electrode after being electrified form electric communication through the solution.
2. The apparatus for determining wettability of a reservoir rock by an electric current according to claim 1, further comprising a controller electrically connected to said camera for determining the contact angle based on contact angle images acquired by said camera.
3. An apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by an electric current according to claim 2, wherein the material of said support comprises: polytetrafluoroethylene.
4. The device for measuring wettability of reservoir rock under the action of electric current according to claim 2, wherein the container is a rectangular parallelepiped water tank, the direction of the long side of the rectangular parallelepiped is the second direction, and the material of the container is organic glass.
5. The apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by electric current as set forth in claim 4, wherein said power source is a DC power source, and when said power source is turned on, an anode region is formed around said first electrode, a cathode region is formed around said second electrode, and an intermediate region is formed between said cathode region and said anode region.
6. Apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by an electric current as set forth in claim 5, wherein said apparatus further comprises an adjustment member capable of adjusting at least a position of said container along the second direction.
7. An apparatus for determining wettability of reservoir rock by an electric current according to claim 5, wherein said DC power source provides an electric field strength of not more than 50V/m between said first and second electrodes.
8. A method for measuring wettability of a reservoir rock by an electric current according to claim 2, comprising:
placing the holder with the rock sample fixed thereon at a predetermined position in the container; determining the positions of the container, the light source and the camera;
injecting a predetermined amount of crude oil into the lower surface of the rock sample using an injector;
periodically capturing a contact angle image, determining a contact angle based on the contact angle image; when the contact angle is kept unchanged, the rock sample, the crude oil and the solution reach equilibrium, and the contact angle at the moment is the contact angle of the reservoir;
the power is turned on, contact angle images are periodically captured again, and contact angles of the reservoir obtained in each period are determined based on the contact angle images to form data of the change of the contact angle with time under a predetermined electric field.
9. The assay method of claim 8, further comprising: and changing the voltage of the power supply to obtain the data of the change of the contact angle along with time under different currents.
10. The assay method of claim 8, further comprising: changing the position of the rock sample in the container to obtain the data of the change of the contact angle of the rock sample in different positions along with time; the position of the rock sample in the container comprises: an anode region adjacent the first electrode, a cathode region adjacent the second electrode, and a region intermediate the anode and cathode regions.
11. The assay of claim 8 wherein prior to conducting the assay, the method further comprises slicing the rock sample, grinding at least the lower surface for attachment of crude oil, and placing the ground rock sample in a solution for immersion.
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