CN111854327A - Hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system - Google Patents

Hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111854327A
CN111854327A CN202010766853.1A CN202010766853A CN111854327A CN 111854327 A CN111854327 A CN 111854327A CN 202010766853 A CN202010766853 A CN 202010766853A CN 111854327 A CN111854327 A CN 111854327A
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hydrogen
fresh water
heat exchanger
hydrogen fuel
ship
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CN202010766853.1A
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CN111854327B (en
Inventor
李博洋
李雅静
张刚
杨奉儒
杨倩倩
张瑞
张荣秀
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Guangzhou Huasu Information Technology Co ltd
Shanghai Younai Gas Technology Co ltd
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/006—General constructional features for mounting refrigerating machinery components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04533—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the direct combustion of fuels in a power plant, so-called "oxyfuel combustion"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04787—Heat exchange, e.g. main heat exchange line; Subcooler, external reboiler-condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04975—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use
    • F25J3/04987—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the air fractionation unit, e.g. transportable devices by truck or small scale use for offshore use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Abstract

A hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy integrated utilization system, comprising: the system comprises a hydrogen supply system, an air separation system, an oxygen supply system, a refrigeration house circulating system, an electric propulsion system and a fresh water collection system. The invention mainly aims at the problems that liquid hydrogen is adopted as fuel on a hydrogen fuel power ship, the electric energy generated by a hydrogen fuel cell is utilized to provide propulsion power for the ship, the oxygen required by the hydrogen fuel cell is prepared by utilizing the cold energy contained in the liquid hydrogen, and the fresh water required by the ship is also prepared in the process.

Description

Hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ships, and particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system.
Background
With the stricter emission of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on ships, the traditional marine fuel oil with heavy pollution can not meet the requirements of people on the emission of the ships gradually, and the search for new alternative energy is becoming the focus of the research of the ship industry gradually.
Hydrogen is an ideal energy source, and is gradually highly regarded by the ship industry due to advantages of wide source, no pollution emission and the like, ships powered by hydrogen fuel are produced at the same time, and the ships powered by hydrogen fuel are referred to as 'hydrogen fuel powered ships'. At present, the ideal hydrogen fuel application mode on the ship is to utilize a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and combine the hydrogen fuel cell with an electric propulsion system to form a power propulsion system of the ship. The hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen as a reducing agent and oxygen as an oxidizing agent, and when the cell operates, the product only contains water and no waste gas is discharged. The hydrogen fuel cell has various forms, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell is widely applied to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell reaches more than 60 percent, and the fuel cell has good performances of high power density, low noise and the like. The optimum operating temperature range for a pem fuel cell is 60 to 80 c, typically with a fuel cell hydrogen supply pressure of about 0.1 to 0.3 Mpa.
One of the raw materials required for hydrogen fuel cells is hydrogen gas, and therefore, in order to increase the storage capacity of hydrogen fuel on ships, a liquid hydrogen gas storage method is generally adopted. The liquefied hydrogen gas (liquid hydrogen) has high purity, and if the hydrogen gas after the liquid hydrogen gasification is adopted in the hydrogen fuel cell, the service life of the cell can be prolonged. The liquid hydrogen is at a temperature of-253 c and is typically stored in an insulated liquid hydrogen tank. Before the liquid hydrogen is used, the liquid hydrogen needs to be gasified to a higher temperature, the ship sails in the ocean, and the seawater around the ship is a natural cold source or a natural heat source, so that the seawater can be considered to be used for heating the liquid hydrogen. In the process of gasifying the liquid hydrogen, a large amount of usable cold energy is released, so that the cold energy can be used for a cold storage of the ship. In addition, hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and nitrogen is required to be inerted before hydrogen is introduced into a hydrogen fuel supply pipeline or when equipment such as the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline is maintained, so nitrogen preparation equipment is generally required to be arranged on a ship.
The other raw material required by the hydrogen fuel cell is oxygen, and the hydrogen fuel cell can also adopt air as the raw material because the content of the oxygen in the air is higher, but the air contains components which have influence on a proton exchange membrane and can influence the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell, so the hydrogen fuel cell adopting the oxygen as the raw material can achieve better effect. At present, the mode for preparing oxygen is cryogenic air separation, and oxygen in air is separated according to different boiling points of components in the air. The boiling point of oxygen in the air is-183 ℃, the boiling point of nitrogen is-196 ℃, and the boiling points are higher than the gasification temperature of liquid hydrogen, so if the cold energy contained in the liquid hydrogen can be used for separating the air to prepare the oxygen, the cost increase caused by carrying the oxygen from a departure port of a ship can be avoided.
The product of a hydrogen fuel cell is fresh water. Fresh water is an extremely important resource on ships, and the ships are usually provided with independent seawater desalination devices, but the seawater desalination devices need to consume a large amount of electric energy and heat energy of the ships, so if water generated by the hydrogen fuel cells is used as a source of the ship fresh water, the ship energy consumed by the seawater desalination devices on the ships can be saved.
In conclusion, if the cold energy contained in the hydrogen fuel on the liquid hydrogen power ship can be utilized to prepare oxygen and nitrogen, the refrigeration house is used for refrigeration, the fresh water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is used for meeting the daily requirement of the ship, the energy utilization rate of the ship can be greatly improved, the economy of the ship is improved,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems mentioned above and provides a hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system, which comprises: the system comprises a hydrogen supply system, an air separation system, an oxygen supply system, a refrigeration house circulating system, an electric propulsion system and a fresh water collection system.
The hydrogen gas supply system includes: lightering pump, empty heat exchanger that divides, first freezer heat exchanger, first sea water heater, first fresh water heater.
The air separation system includes: compressor, precooling heat exchanger.
The oxygen supply system includes: the second freezer heat exchanger, second sea water heater, second fresh water heater.
The freezer circulation system includes: a third freezer heat exchanger and a circulation pump, and circulates in the freezer circulation system using the refrigerant a as a refrigerant.
The electric propulsion system comprises: hydrogen fuel cell, propulsion motor, oar axle, screw.
The fresh water collection system comprises: a fresh water pump.
In the hydrogen supply system, the transfer pump is located at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen tank and used for transferring the liquid hydrogen out of the liquid hydrogen tank for the hydrogen fuel cell. The lightering pump, the air separation heat exchanger, the first refrigeration house heat exchanger, the first seawater heater and the first fresh water heater are sequentially connected. Liquid hydrogen is unloaded from the liquid hydrogen tank by the unloading pump, exchanges heat with air in the air separation heat exchanger in sequence, exchanges heat with refrigerant A in the first freezer heat exchanger, exchanges heat with seawater in the first seawater heater, exchanges heat with fresh water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell in the first fresh water heater, finally reaches the supply temperature of hydrogen, and provides a reducing agent for the hydrogen fuel cell.
In the air separation system, air is compressed by a compressor, precooled in a precooling heat exchanger, subjected to a purification process, subjected to heat exchange with liquid hydrogen in an air separation heat exchanger, and finally enters a gravity separation tank. Because the densities of the oxygen and the nitrogen in the air are different in the liquid state, the air can be subjected to gravity separation in the gravity separation tank, and then the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are prepared.
In the oxygen supply system, liquid oxygen separated from the gravity separation tank exchanges heat with a refrigerant A through a second cold storage heat exchanger, and then exchanges heat and heats in a second seawater heater and a second fresh water heater in sequence, so that the temperature of the oxygen is reached, and finally the oxygen is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell to serve as an oxidant.
In the refrigeration house circulating system, under the action of the circulating pump, the refrigerant A firstly exchanges heat with liquid oxygen in the second refrigeration house heat exchanger, then enters the first refrigeration house heat exchanger for heat exchange, and finally releases cold energy to goods in the refrigeration house in the third refrigeration house heat exchanger, so that the effect of refrigerating the goods in the refrigeration house is achieved.
In the electric propulsion system, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell drives the propulsion motor to work, and then drives the propeller to work through the propeller shaft.
In the fresh water collection system, the product water of the hydrogen fuel cell is at a higher temperature than the medium seawater in the first seawater heater and the second seawater heater, so the water produced by the hydrogen fuel cell is first split at node a into two parts, one part for heating the hydrogen gas in the first fresh water heater that has not yet reached the supply temperature and one part for heating the oxygen gas in the second fresh water heater that has not yet reached the supply temperature. The two parts of fresh water after heat release are merged at the node b and finally sent into a fresh water cabin of the ship for daily use of the ship.
Further, a small part of liquid nitrogen separated from the gravity separation tank is stored in the liquid nitrogen tank at a node c, and when the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline is maintained, the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank can be used for purging the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline so as to fulfill the aim of inerting the pipeline; most of the liquid nitrogen is sent into a precooling heat exchanger to exchange heat with air, the air to be separated is precooled, and the liquid nitrogen after heat absorption is changed into gas to be discharged into the atmosphere.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the cold energy contained in the liquid hydrogen to carry out cryogenic air separation, further prepares the oxygen required by the hydrogen fuel cell, saves the cost for purchasing the oxygen by ships, prolongs the service life of the fuel cell, and simultaneously, the hydrogen gas exchanges heat with air, a refrigeration house, seawater, fresh water and the like in sequence in the supply process, thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the liquid hydrogen cold energy and improving the energy utilization rate of the system.
2. The invention generates electricity by utilizing the clean and environment-friendly hydrogen fuel cell, simultaneously generates fresh water urgently needed by the ship, and saves the cost of the traditional seawater desalination equipment and a large amount of ship heat energy and electric energy consumed during operation.
3. The system of the invention can not generate any pollutant in the operation process, and the byproduct nitrogen generated in the deep cooling air separation can inert the pipeline system of the combustible gas hydrogen in the equipment maintenance process, thereby saving the equipment investment cost and the operation cost for preparing the nitrogen.
4. The invention can also use the cold energy in the liquid hydrogen for the ship refrigeration house, saves the ship electric energy consumed by the refrigeration house, fully utilizes the cold energy contained in the liquid hydrogen, improves the energy utilization rate of the ship, is clean and environment-friendly, and has great popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a lightering pump; 2. a compressor; 3. a precooling heat exchanger; 4. an air separation heat exchanger; 5. a first freezer heat exchanger; 6. a first seawater heater; 7. a first fresh water heater; 8. a hydrogen fuel cell; 9. a fresh water pump; 10. a second freezer heat exchanger; 11. a second seawater heater; 12. a second fresh water heater; 13. a propulsion motor; 14. a paddle shaft; 15. a propeller; 16. a third freezer heat exchanger; 17. a circulation pump; a. a node a; b. a node b; c. and c, a node.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system comprises a transfer pump (1), a compressor (2), a precooling heat exchanger (3), an air separation heat exchanger (4), a first cold storage heat exchanger (5), a first seawater heater (6), a first fresh water heater (7), a hydrogen fuel cell (8), a fresh water pump (9), a second cold storage heat exchanger (10), a second seawater heater (11), a second fresh water heater (12), a propulsion motor (13), a propeller shaft (14), a propeller (15), a third cold storage heat exchanger (16), a circulating pump (17), a node a (a), a node b (b) and a node c (c).
The above system can be divided into: the system comprises a hydrogen supply system, an air separation system, an oxygen supply system, a refrigeration house circulating system, an electric propulsion system and a fresh water collecting system.
The hydrogen gas supply system includes: lightering pump (1), air separation heat exchanger (4), first freezer heat exchanger (5), first sea water heater (6), first fresh water heater (7).
The air separation system includes: the compressor (2) and the precooling heat exchanger (3).
The oxygen supply system includes: a second freezer heat exchanger (10), a second seawater heater (11) and a second fresh water heater (12).
The freezer circulation system includes: a third refrigerator heat exchanger (16) and a circulation pump (17) which circulate in the refrigerator circulation system by using the refrigerant A as a refrigerant.
The electric propulsion system comprises: a hydrogen fuel cell (8), a propulsion motor (13), a propeller shaft (14) and a propeller (15).
The fresh water collection system comprises: a fresh water pump (9).
The transfer pump (1) is positioned at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen tank and used for transferring the liquid hydrogen out of the liquid hydrogen tank for the hydrogen fuel cell (8).
In the hydrogen supply system, a lightering pump (1), an air separation heat exchanger (4), a first cold storage heat exchanger (5), a first seawater heater (6) and a first fresh water heater (7) are connected in sequence. Liquid hydrogen is conveyed out from a liquid hydrogen tank by a transfer pump (1), firstly exchanges heat with air in an air separation heat exchanger (4), then exchanges heat with a refrigerant A in a first refrigeration house heat exchanger (5), then exchanges heat with seawater in a first seawater heater (6) to heat and raise the temperature, exchanges heat with product water of a hydrogen fuel cell (8) in a first fresh water heater (7), finally reaches the supply temperature of hydrogen, and provides reducing agent hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell (8).
In the air separation system, air is compressed by a compressor (2), precooled in a precooling heat exchanger (3), purified and the like, exchanges heat with liquid hydrogen in an air separation heat exchanger (4), and finally enters a gravity separation tank. As the nitrogen in the air accounts for about 78 percent, the oxygen accounts for about 21 percent, and the liquid nitrogen and the liquid oxygen have different densities, the air can be separated under the action of gravity in the gravity separation tank, so that the liquid oxygen and the liquid nitrogen are prepared, and the prepared liquid nitrogen is adopted as a precooling medium in the precooling heat exchanger (3) for precooling the air.
In the oxygen supply system, liquid oxygen separated from the gravity separation tank exchanges heat with a refrigerant A through a second cold storage heat exchanger (10), then exchanges heat in a second seawater heater (11) and a second fresh water heater (12) in sequence to reach a proper oxygen supply temperature, and finally is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell (8) to serve as an oxidant.
In the refrigeration house circulating system, under the action of the circulating pump (17), the refrigerant A firstly exchanges heat with liquid oxygen in the second refrigeration house heat exchanger (10), then enters the first refrigeration house heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange, and finally releases cold energy to goods in the refrigeration house in the third refrigeration house heat exchanger (16), so that the effect of refrigerating the goods in the ship refrigeration house is achieved, and the ship power consumed during the operation of the ship refrigeration house is saved.
In the electric propulsion system, electric energy generated by a hydrogen fuel cell (8) is integrated by a power supply system and is supplied to a propulsion motor (13), so that a propeller shaft (14) drives a propeller (15) to rotate, and power is provided for ship navigation.
In the fresh water collecting pipeline, the temperature of the product water of the hydrogen fuel cell (8) is higher than the temperature of the medium seawater in the first seawater heater (6) and the second seawater heater (11), so the water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (8) firstly reaches a node a (a) under the action of the fresh water pump (9) and is divided into two parts at the node a (a), one part is used for heating the hydrogen which does not reach the supply temperature in the first fresh water heater (7), and the other part is used for heating the oxygen which does not reach the supply temperature in the second fresh water heater (12). The two parts of fresh water after heat release are merged at the node b (b) and finally sent into the fresh water cabin of the ship for daily use of the ship.
A small part of liquid nitrogen separated from the gravity separation tank is stored in a liquid nitrogen tank at a node c (c), and when the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline is maintained, the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank can be gasified into nitrogen gas for purging the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline so as to fulfill the aim of inerting the pipeline; most of the liquid nitrogen is sent into a precooling heat exchanger (3) to exchange heat with air, the air to be separated is precooled, and the liquid nitrogen after heat absorption is changed into gas to be discharged into the atmosphere. This is because less nitrogen is required to inertize the hydrogen fuel supply line.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and should be considered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The hydrogen fuel power ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system is characterized in that: including hydrogen feed system, air separation system, oxygen feed system, freezer circulation system, electric propulsion system, fresh water collecting system, wherein, hydrogen feed system includes: the system comprises a transfer pump (1), an air separation heat exchanger (4), a first refrigeration house heat exchanger (5), a first seawater heater (6) and a first fresh water heater (7);
the air separation system includes: the system comprises a compressor (2) and a precooling heat exchanger (3);
the oxygen supply system includes: a second freezer heat exchanger (10), a second seawater heater (11) and a second fresh water heater (12);
the freezer circulation system includes: a third freezer heat exchanger (16) and a circulation pump (17) which circulates in the freezer circulation system by using the refrigerant A as a refrigerant;
the electric propulsion system comprises: a hydrogen fuel cell (8), a propulsion motor (13), a propeller shaft (14) and a propeller (15);
the fresh water collection system comprises: a fresh water pump (9).
2. The hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in an air separation system, air is compressed by a compressor (2), precooled in a precooling heat exchanger (3), purified and the like, exchanges heat with liquid hydrogen in an air separation heat exchanger (4), and finally enters a gravity separation tank for separation to prepare liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen.
3. The hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the liquid nitrogen separated from the gravity separation tank is stored in a liquid nitrogen tank at a node c (c), and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank can be used for purging a hydrogen fuel supply pipeline when equipment such as the hydrogen fuel supply pipeline is maintained; most of the liquid nitrogen is sent into a precooling heat exchanger (3) to exchange heat with air, the air to be separated is precooled, and the liquid nitrogen after heat absorption is changed into gas to be discharged into the atmosphere.
4. The hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: water generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (8) firstly reaches a node a (a) under the action of a fresh water pump (9), is divided into two parts at the node a (a), one part is used for heating hydrogen which does not reach the supply temperature in a first fresh water heater (7), the other part is used for heating oxygen which does not reach the supply temperature in a second fresh water heater (12), and the two parts of fresh water after heat release are combined at the node b (b) and finally sent to a fresh water cabin of the ship for daily use of the ship.
5. The hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: liquid oxygen separated from the gravity separation tank exchanges heat with a refrigerant A through a second cold storage heat exchanger (10), then exchanges heat in a second seawater heater (11) and a second fresh water heater (12) in sequence to reach a proper supply temperature, and finally is supplied to a hydrogen fuel cell (8) to serve as an oxidant.
6. The hydrogen-fueled ship cold energy comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the hydrogen supply system, a transfer pump (1), an air separation heat exchanger (4), a first cold storage heat exchanger (5), a first seawater heater (6) and a first fresh water heater (7) are sequentially connected, liquid hydrogen is conveyed out from a liquid hydrogen tank by the transfer pump (1), firstly, heat exchange is carried out with air in the air separation heat exchanger (4), then, heat exchange is carried out with a refrigerant A in the first cold storage heat exchanger (5), then, heat exchange is carried out with seawater in the first seawater heater (6), heat exchange is carried out with a product of a hydrogen fuel cell (8) in the first fresh water heater (7), finally, the supply temperature is reached, and hydrogen serving as a reducing agent is provided for the hydrogen fuel cell (8).
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