CN111853548B - Device and method for realizing wax scale joint prevention of gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing wax scale joint prevention of gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN111853548B CN111853548B CN202010727789.6A CN202010727789A CN111853548B CN 111853548 B CN111853548 B CN 111853548B CN 202010727789 A CN202010727789 A CN 202010727789A CN 111853548 B CN111853548 B CN 111853548B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
- F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
- F17D1/18—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L53/34—Heating of pipes or pipe systems using electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields, e.g. using induction, dielectric or microwave heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
- F16L55/24—Preventing accumulation of dirt or other matter in the pipes, e.g. by traps, by strainers
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Abstract
The device and the method for realizing wax scale joint prevention of the gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling comprise an anti-scaling pipeline, wherein an electromagnetic field transmitting device is arranged on the anti-scaling pipeline; the electromagnetic field emission device comprises a shell, a cathode, an anode and a shell, wherein the shell is arranged in the shell, the cathode is arranged in the shell, one or more anodes are arranged in the cathode, and a permanent magnet is arranged in the anode. According to the wax scale joint prevention method, the anode is arranged and is used as the load coil, the electric field and the electromagnetic field are coupled, the purpose of wax scale joint prevention is achieved, and the problems that the wax scale joint prevention cannot be simultaneously solved due to the fact that the electric field or the magnetic field is singly used to solve the wax scale problem in the traditional method, equipment investment cost is high and the wax scale joint prevention cannot be simultaneously solved are solved. When the device is used, crude oil is introduced into the anti-scaling pipeline, alternating current is introduced into the coil through the electromagnetic field transmitting device, and wax scale joint protection is realized under the coupling action of the electric field and the magnetic field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wax scale joint defense device and method for a gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing demand of crude oil in China and the large land area in China, the transportation of crude oil over long distances is needed. The oilfield pipeline industry has grown up rapidly in our country. Pipeline transportation plays a significant role in China. Most crude oil produced in China is wax-containing easily-coagulated crude oil, so the most common problems in oil and gas pipeline transportation are scaling and wax deposition. The problems of wax deposition and scaling in pipeline transportation always plague the petroleum industry.
The traditional method for preventing and removing scale is mainly four: the chemical method is more likely to pollute the environment, accelerate the corrosion of equipment and reduce the service life of pipelines and equipment, and compared with the chemical method, the physical method is more thorough, economic and environment-friendly. Therefore, nowadays, the environmental protection is more and more emphasized, and the sustainable development is emphasized, the chemical descaling and the scale prevention show more and more obvious limitations.
The key of crude oil transportation is to improve the fluidity of crude oil, and at present, a series of physical and chemical methods such as heating, diluting, adding pour point depressant and the like are applied to the flow modification of the wax-containing crude oil and achieve certain effect.
In recent years, strong magnetic fields have been used for wax removal due to their unique advantages:
1) has better pour point depressing and modifying effects.
2) The energy consumption is greatly improved compared with the heating transmission.
3) No pollution to environment.
Therefore, the oil field oil well is closely concerned and is widely popularized and applied in oil fields.
The existing equipment on the market is a single anti-scaling or anti-waxing instrument. Therefore, the equipment maintenance and investment cost is increased, and the two difficult problems of wax deposition and scaling which trouble the petroleum industry for many years cannot be simultaneously solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for realizing wax scale joint prevention of an oilfield gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling, which can realize high-efficiency wax prevention and scale prevention at the same time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the wax scale joint prevention device for the gathering and transportation system is realized by coupling an electric field and an electromagnetic field, and comprises an anti-scale pipeline, wherein the anti-scale pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic field transmitting device; the electromagnetic field emission device comprises a shell, a cathode, an anode and a shell, wherein the shell is arranged in the shell, the cathode is arranged in the shell, one or more anodes are arranged in the cathode, and a permanent magnet is arranged in the anode.
The invention is further improved in that the anti-scaling pipeline is arranged on one side of the oil pipeline, and the inlet and the outlet of the anti-scaling pipeline are communicated with the oil pipeline.
The invention is further improved in that the oil pipeline and the cathode are both titanium alloy steel pipes.
The invention is further improved in that the anode is a coil; the total number of turns of the coil is 30-300 turns.
A further improvement of the invention is that the inner surface of the cathode is coated with an insulating material and the coil is in contact with the insulating material.
The invention has the further improvement that the coil is made of a single-stranded copper wire wrapped by an insulating material, and the shell is connected with the anti-scale pipeline through a flange.
The invention is further improved in that the shell and the shell are made of plastics.
The invention is further improved in that an electrical component integrated box for converting 220V current into alternating current with the frequency of 20-25 kHz is arranged at the top of the shell, and the electrical component integrated box is connected with the coil.
The method for realizing wax scale joint defense of the gathering and transportation system through electric field and electromagnetic field coupling based on the device comprises the steps of introducing crude oil into an anti-scale pipeline, introducing alternating current into a coil through an electromagnetic field transmitting device, and realizing wax scale joint defense under the coupling action of an electric field and a magnetic field.
The invention has the further improvement that the number of the coils is 30, the alternating current is 20-25 kHz, the time interval of the alternating current is 10-20 minutes, and the electrifying time is 10-12 minutes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the wax scale joint prevention method, the anode is arranged and is used as the load coil, the electric field and the electromagnetic field are coupled, the purpose of wax scale joint prevention is achieved, and the problems that the wax scale joint prevention cannot be simultaneously solved due to the fact that the electric field or the magnetic field is singly used to solve the wax scale problem in the traditional method, equipment investment cost is high and the wax scale joint prevention cannot be simultaneously solved are solved.
2) The electric field used by the device can not cause damage to the inner wall of equipment, a layer of compact oxide film is formed on the pipe wall of the anti-scaling pipeline, the potential of crude oil of the whole pipeline is improved, the corrosion rate of the whole device is reduced in a mode of using an anode protection method, and the service life of the pipeline and the device is prolonged.
3) The invention adopts the magnetic field to remove the wax, on one hand, the invention can not only prevent the growth and the aggregation of the paraffin crystal fundamentally, but also prevent the scaling by the magnetic field, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, convenient application, low investment, low operating cost, no pollution, energy saving, and the like.
4) When the device is used, crude oil is introduced into the anti-scaling pipeline, alternating current is introduced into the coil through the electromagnetic field transmitting device, and wax scale joint protection is realized under the coupling action of the electric field and the magnetic field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow experimental device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid experimental apparatus.
Fig. 3 shows the grease mass for different coil turns.
Fig. 4 shows the oil concentration at different frequencies.
Icon: 1-shell, 2-cathode, 3-anode, 4-shell, 5-electrical component integrated box, 6 a-first control valve, 6 b-second control valve, 7 a-third control valve, 7 b-fourth control valve, 8 a-first flange, 8 b-second flange, 9-oil pipeline, 10-antiscale pipeline, 11-anode input port, 12-cathode input port and 13-permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the wax scale joint prevention experimental device for a gathering and transportation system realized by electric field and electromagnetic field coupling comprises an anti-scale pipeline arranged on one side of an oil pipeline 9, and an electromagnetic field emission device is arranged in the anti-scale pipeline; the electromagnetic field emission device comprises a shell 1, a cathode 2, an anode 3 and a shell 4, wherein the shell 4 is arranged in the shell 1, the cathode 2 is arranged in the shell 4, one or more anodes 3 are arranged in the cathode, and a permanent magnet 13 is arranged in the anode 3.
The inlet and the outlet of the antiscaling pipeline are both communicated with the oil pipeline 9.
The cathode 2 is a titanium alloy steel pipe having an inner diameter of 141.5mm, which is the same as that of the oil pipeline 9. The anode is a coil. The total number of turns of the coil is 50-300 turns, and the coil is wound in the annular pipe regularly.
The cathode inner surface is coated with an insulating material. The coil is made of a single-stranded copper conductor which is 1.5 square millimeters and wrapped by an insulating material, only the upper surface of the single-stranded copper conductor is exposed, and the coil is in contact with the insulating material on the inner surface of the titanium alloy steel pipe. The shell 1 is connected with the anti-scaling pipeline through a flange. The insulating material wraps the wire to mainly play a role in insulating the wire from the pipeline and protecting the wire.
The anti-scaling pipeline is used as a spare pipeline and is arranged on one side of the oil pipeline. When the device is in work, the first control valve 6a and the third control valve 7a are opened, the second control valve 6b and the fourth control valve 7b are closed, crude oil is treated through the anti-scaling pipeline 10, when the device is maintained, the first control valve 6a and the third control valve 7a are closed, and the first control valve 6b and the fourth control valve 7b are opened, and crude oil flows through the oil conveying pipeline 9.
The anti-scaling pipeline is separated from the oil pipeline 9 by an insulating material, so that the anti-scaling pipeline plays an insulating role.
The shell 1 and the shell 4 are made of plastics.
An electrical component integrated box 5 is arranged on the top of the shell 1. When the electric appliance component integrated box works, the electric appliance component integrated box 5 is connected with the coil through an external power supply 220V and is converted into alternating current with the frequency of 20-25 kHz through the electric appliance component integrated box 5.
When the scale formation is prevented, alternating current is used, the time interval is 10-20 minutes, and the electrifying time is 10-12 minutes.
When the pipe section with scales is eliminated, the electromagnetic coil is continuously electrified with alternating current until the scales are eliminated, and the intermittent operation is carried out.
The technical principle of the wax scale joint defense method of the invention is as follows: the crude oil is arranged in disorder in natural state, but the electric field generated by the cathode and the anode in the device can make the crude oil generate a regular chain shapeAnd (4) arranging. Can lead the crude oil in the pipeline to have scale-forming cation Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Sr2+And anionic CO3 3-、SO4 4-、HCO3 3-Respectively surround the two parts to prevent the chemical reaction from generating scale. Meanwhile, an electric field generated by the cathode and the anode of the device can form a potential difference between crude oil and pipeline equipment to restrict the capability of ions gathering to the equipment, so that the device plays a role in preventing scaling and protecting pipelines and other equipment. In addition, under the action of the magnetic field of the load coil 3, electronic circulation can be formed in paraffin molecules in the crude oil, so that the motion state of an electronic orbit is changed, the electronic circulation generates an induction magnetic field, the interaction force between the induction magnetic field and the molecules is interfered, the orientation of instantaneous dipoles of the paraffin molecules is damaged, the dispersion force during crystallization of the paraffin molecules is weakened, the production of paraffin crystallization nuclei is inhibited, and the growth and aggregation of paraffin crystals are prevented. In addition, if the crude oil in the pipeline is separated out of paraffin before magnetic treatment, the wax crystals in the crude oil are charged, and when the crude oil containing the wax crystals is treated by a magnetic field, the original directional growth speed of the crystals is damaged under the action of Lorentz force, so that the wax crystals are deformed and suspended in the crude oil in fine particles, and the purpose of wax prevention is achieved.
The use method of the device of the invention is as follows:
1) determining parameters (the number of turns of a load coil, power supply parameters and the like) of the test device according to field investigation and the installation condition of the original oil pipeline: under the condition of the same voltage, current wave and electromagnetic frequency, the number of turns of the electromagnetic coil directly influences the intensity of the electromagnetic field, and experimental data of the electromagnetic descaling effect under different coil numbers are drawn into a curve chart, which is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the quality of the oil deposit tends to decrease and increase as the number of turns of the coil increases, but the effect on the deposit is not better when the number of turns of the coil is larger as the strength of the magnetic field is larger. According to the experimental result, under the condition of the voltage and the current, when the number of turns of the coil is 30, the quality of the oil dirt reaches the minimum value, so that the number of turns with the best descaling and paraffin removal effects is found out by the field experimental device parameters about 30 turns.
2) And a wax scale joint prevention device is installed, and the installation position is a standby route of the oil pipeline 9. Because the installation can minimize the influence on normal production; on the other hand, a standby device is arranged at the testing device, and when the equipment is maintained or cleaned, the normal operation of the gathering and transportation system can be ensured.
3) And (4) recording test data, detecting the content of scaling ions and the wax deposition condition in the oil field water at the outlet of the device every 12 hours, and further adjusting the number of turns of the load coil and power supply parameters to minimize the wax deposition condition at the outlet and minimize the content of the scaling ions.
The important influence parameter-frequency which influences the electromagnetic scaling effect. Experimental data of the results after electromagnetic descaling at different frequencies were plotted as a graph with the optimum descaling coil turns of 30, see fig. 4.
According to the change situation of the oil concentration of the experimental result, it can be obtained from fig. 4 that the concentration of the oil in the oil-water mixture in the beaker is in a descending trend within the frequency band of 20-25 kHz, the van der waals force of the wax crystal structure is enhanced, the number of crystals is increased, and the capability of forming solid dirt is enhanced. The scale forming period in the pipeline is prolonged, and the scale removing effect in the pipeline is obvious.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
In operation, the first control valve 6a and the third control valve 7a are opened, the second control valve 6b and the fourth control valve 7b are closed, crude oil is treated through the anti-scaling pipeline 10, the first control valve 6a and the third control valve 7a are closed during maintenance of the device, and crude oil is allowed to flow through the common pipeline 9 by opening the first control valve 6b and the fourth control valve 7 b. The crude oil flow rate in the pipeline was set to 0.8 m/s. The temperature was 40 ℃.
The scale-proof pipeline adopts a 141.5mm nickel alloy steel pipe with the same inner diameter as the common oil pipeline.
The device is converted into current and voltage suitable for the device by an external power supply 220V through the top electrical component integrated box 5, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively connected with the positive electrode input end 11 and the negative electrode input end 12 on the shell. When in work, the external power supply 220V is converted into current and voltage suitable for the device through the top electrical component integrated box 5. The electrical component collection box 5 converts the power supply into an alternating current with a frequency of 50 hz.
Crude oil enters the anti-scaling pipeline 10 through the flange 6a and the first flange 8a, and electrons are released from the positive electrode of the power supply through the copper coil 2. The negative pole of the power supply is connected with the metal anti-scaling pipeline 10. The cathode and anode form a stream of electrons to produce an up-to-down variable frequency electric field.
Further, when the scale is prevented, alternating current is conducted on the electromagnetic coil, the time interval is 10-20 minutes, and the conducting time is 10-12 minutes.
Further, when the pipe section which is already scaled is eliminated, the electromagnetic coil is continuously electrified with alternating current until the scale is eliminated, and the intermittent operation is carried out. The number of coil segments is 9, and the number of turns of each segment is 30. The distance between every two segments is 70 mm. The working frequency of the load coil is 20 kHz-25 kHz.
The crude oil is treated simultaneously by the electric field and the magnetic field of the anti-scaling pipeline, so that the purpose of wax scale joint prevention is achieved. The electromagnetically treated crude oil flows out of the device through the flange 8b and the third control valve 7a of the control valve.
Example 2
The difference between the present example and example 1 is only that in order to study the wax removal effect of the electromagnetic field generated in example 1 on different internal oil pipelines, the pipe diameter suitable for the method is selected.
The original 141.5mm pipe diameter is changed into 127mm pipe diameter. The crude oil flow rate in the pipeline was set to 0.8 m/s. The temperature was 40 ℃. Correspondingly, the inner diameter of the originally wound load coil is changed into 127mm, the material and the number of turns of the load coil are kept unchanged, the number of coil sections is 9, and the number of turns of each section is 30. The distance between every two segments is 70 mm. The working frequency of the load coil is 20 kHz-25 kHz. Still choose the single strand copper conductor of 1.5 square millimeters, only keep the upper surface to expose, neatly twine the pipe inner periphery of ring, like this can obtain the effect of this equipment to the oil pipeline of different pipe diameters.
Example 3
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the coil of embodiment 1 is hollow, and the coil of this embodiment is solid, i.e. a permanent magnet 13 is placed in the middle of the coil. The length of the magnetic core is equal to that of the tube, the magnetic core is a rod-shaped permanent magnet, the top end of the magnetic core is in a flow guiding shape, the linking piece is embedded at the end part of the magnetic core and welded in the middle of the tube, and the magnetic core is made of neodymium iron boron. The number of coil segments is still 9, and the number of turns per segment is 30. The distance between every two segments is 70 mm. The working frequency of the load coil is 20 kHz-25 kHz. The crude oil flow rate in the pipeline was set to 0.8 m/s. The temperature was 40 ℃.
Example 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 only in that the original 141.5mm pipe diameter is changed to 127mm pipe diameter. The crude oil flow rate in the pipeline was set to 0.8 m/s. The temperature was 40 ℃. Correspondingly, the inner diameter of the originally wound load coil is changed into 127mm, the material and the number of turns of the load coil are kept unchanged, 1.5 square millimeters of single-strand copper wire is still selected, the number of coil sections is 9, and the number of turns of each section is 30. The distance between every two segments is 70 mm. The working frequency of the load coil is 20 kHz-25 kHz. Only the upper surface is exposed and the inner periphery of the annular pipe is wound regularly, so that the effect of the solid coil on oil pipelines with different pipe diameters can be obtained.
And (3) performance testing:
by making two control experiments: the first group is solid oil pipes with different pipe diameters, wherein the pipe diameters are 141.5mm and 127mm respectively. The second group is hollow oil pipes with different pipe diameters, wherein the pipe diameters are 141.5mm and 127mm respectively.
TABLE 1 solid oil pipe Experimental data
TABLE 2 hollow oil pipe test data
From the results of tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the effect of the pipe diameter of 127mm is significantly better than that of 141.5mm regardless of the descaling rate and the wax inhibition rate. The reason is that the electromagnetic field generated by the thin tube is more concentrated than that generated by the thick tube, and the descaling and wax-proof effects are better.
It can also be seen from tables 1 and 2 that the hollow coil is significantly less effective than the solid coil in terms of both the descaling rate and the wax resistance rate. The reason is that the magnetic effect of the solid coil is better, so the descaling and wax-proof effects are better.
The experimental data are combined to obtain that the device is biased to the solid thin pipe diameter in practice.
Claims (7)
1. The wax scale joint prevention device for the gathering and transportation system is realized by coupling an electric field and an electromagnetic field, and is characterized by comprising an anti-scale pipeline, wherein the anti-scale pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic field emission device; the electromagnetic field emission device comprises a shell (1), a cathode (2), anodes (3) and a shell (4), wherein the shell (4) is arranged in the shell (1), the cathode (2) is arranged in the shell (4), one or more anodes (3) are arranged in the cathode, and a permanent magnet (13) is arranged in the anode (3);
the anti-scaling pipeline is arranged on one side of the oil pipeline (9), and the inlet and the outlet of the anti-scaling pipeline are communicated with the oil pipeline (9);
the anode is a coil; the number of turns of the coil is 30-300.
2. The device for realizing wax scale joint prevention of gathering and transportation system by electric field and electromagnetic field coupling according to claim 1, wherein the oil transportation pipeline (9) is a titanium alloy steel pipe, and the cathode (2) is a titanium alloy steel pipe.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the cathode is coated with an insulating material on its inner surface, and the coil is in contact with the insulating material.
4. The device for realizing wax scale joint prevention of gathering and transportation system by electric field and electromagnetic field coupling according to claim 3, wherein the coil is made of single-stranded copper wire wrapped by insulating material, and the shell (1) is connected with the scale prevention pipeline through a flange.
5. The device for realizing wax scale joint defense of gathering and transportation system by electric field and electromagnetic field coupling according to claim 1, wherein the shell (1) and the shell (4) are made of plastic.
6. The wax scale joint defense device for the gathering and transportation system realized by the coupling of the electric field and the electromagnetic field according to claim 1, wherein an electric appliance component integrated box (5) for converting 220V current into alternating current with the frequency of 20-25 kHz is arranged at the top of the shell (1), and the electric appliance component integrated box (5) is connected with the coil.
7. The method for realizing wax scale joint defense of the gathering system by coupling of the electric field and the electromagnetic field based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein crude oil is introduced into a scale prevention pipeline, the crude oil passes through the electromagnetic field transmitting device, alternating current is introduced into a coil, and the wax scale joint defense is realized under the coupling action of the electric field and the magnetic field;
the number of the coils is 30, the alternating current is 20-25 k Hz, the time interval of the alternating current is 10-20 minutes, and the electrifying time is 10-12 minutes.
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| US9810040B2 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2017-11-07 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Methods for inhibiting scale formation in a hydrocarbon well |
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| CN105156893A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2015-12-16 | 哈尔滨博华科技有限公司 | Crude oil viscosity reduction device based on combined action of electric field and magnetic field |
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