Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a top drive and derrick two-layer platform anti-collision protection system, which solves the technical problem that in the prior art, only through personal experience operation of a driller, a hanging ring possibly collides with a two-layer platform when inclining and going up and down.
This top is driven and is prevented bumping protection system with derrick bilayer platform includes: the device comprises a central processing unit 1, a top drive drilling box 2, a guide rail 6, magnetic steel 7, a top drive body 8, a pulley 9, a hanging ring 10, two proximity switches 11, a fixed frame 12, a two-layer platform 16 and a derrick 17;
the central processing unit 1 is respectively connected with the top drive drilling box 2 and the proximity switches 11, the guide rail 6 is installed in the inner space of the derrick 17, the two-layer platform 16 is installed at the middle upper part of the derrick 17, the magnetic steel 7 is installed on the guide rail 6 close to one side of the top drive body and close to the two-layer platform 16, the top drive body 8 and the pulley 9 are connected, the top drive body 8 is connected with the lifting ring 10, the two proximity switches 11 are arranged on the fixed frame 12 from top to bottom, and the fixed frame 12 is installed on the pulley 9;
the proximity switch 11 is used for: after the top drive body 8 and the pulley 9 integrally slide on the guide rail 6 and pass through the magnetic steel 7, feedback signals are obtained and sent to the central processing unit 1;
the central processing unit 1 is configured to: determining the uplink and downlink states and the uplink and downlink speeds of the top drive body 8 according to the feedback signals, comparing the uplink speeds or the downlink speeds with corresponding collision speed critical values respectively, and determining whether to generate an alarm control instruction according to a comparison result; if an alarm control instruction is generated, the alarm control instruction is sent to the top drive driller box 2;
the top drive driller box 2 is used for: the control top drive body 8 drives the pulley 9 to integrally slide on the guide rail 6, and the control top drive body 8 drives the hoisting ring 10 to realize the functions of forward tilting, backward tilting, self-locking positioning and neutral position returning; and sending an alarm instruction according to the alarm control instruction, and controlling the lifting ring 10 to perform corresponding protection actions.
In the embodiment of the invention, the proximity switch obtains a feedback signal to the central processing unit when passing through the magnetic steel, the central processing unit determines the uplink and downlink states and the uplink and downlink speeds of the top drive body through the feedback signal, the uplink speed or the downlink speed is respectively compared with the corresponding collision speed critical value, when the alarm control instruction is determined to be generated according to the comparison result, the alarm control instruction is sent to the top drive drill box, and the top drive drill box sends out an alarm protection action, so that the aim of preventing the top drive from colliding with the two-layer platform in the process of passing through the two-layer platform is fulfilled.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a top drive and derrick racking platform anti-collision protection system, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the system including: the system comprises a central processing unit 1, a top drive drilling box 2, a guide rail 6, magnetic steel 7, a top drive body 8, a pulley 9, a hanging ring 10, two proximity switches 11 (11.1 and 11.2 in the figure 2), a fixed frame 12, a two-layer platform 16 and a derrick 17;
the central processing unit 1 is respectively connected with the top drive drilling box 2 and the proximity switches 11, the guide rail 6 is installed in the inner space of the derrick 17, the two-layer platform 16 is installed at the middle upper part of the derrick 17, the magnetic steel 7 is installed on the guide rail 6 close to one side of the top drive body and close to the two-layer platform 16, the top drive body 8 and the pulley 9 are connected, the top drive body 8 is connected with the lifting rings 10, the lifting rings 10 comprise a left lifting ring and a right lifting ring which are symmetrically arranged relative to the top drive body 8, the two proximity switches 11 are arranged on the fixed frame 12 from top to bottom, and the fixed frame 12 is installed on the pulley 9;
the proximity switch 11 is used for: after the top drive body 8 and the pulley 9 integrally slide on the guide rail 6 and pass through the magnetic steel 7, feedback signals are obtained and sent to the central processing unit 1;
the central processing unit 1 is configured to: determining the uplink and downlink states and the uplink and downlink speeds of the top drive body 8 according to the feedback signals, comparing the uplink speeds or the downlink speeds with corresponding collision speed critical values respectively, and determining whether to generate an alarm control instruction according to a comparison result; if an alarm control instruction is generated, the alarm control instruction is sent to the top drive driller box 2;
the top drive driller box 2 is used for: the control top drive body 8 drives the pulley 9 to integrally slide on the guide rail 6, and the control top drive body 8 drives the hoisting ring 10 to realize the functions of forward tilting, backward tilting, self-locking positioning and neutral position returning; and sending an alarm instruction according to the alarm control instruction, and controlling the lifting ring 10 to perform corresponding protection actions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the system further includes: a travelling cable 3, a horizontal cable 4 and a central processor cable 5; the central processing unit 1 is connected with the top drive driller box 2 through a central processing unit cable 5; the proximity switch 11 (the proximity switch signal wire) is connected with the central processing unit 1 through the traveling cable 3 and the horizontal cable 4, so that the signal is quickly conducted.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the system further includes: double nuts 13, locking sleeves 14 and bolts 15; wherein, two proximity switches 11 are fixed on the fixing frame 12 through a double nut 13 and a locking sleeve 14 in sequence. The fixed frame 12 is fixed on the pulley 9 through bolts 15.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the magnetic steel 7 may include a plurality of magnetic steels 7, and the plurality of magnetic steels 7 are sequentially installed on the guide rail 6 adjacent to one side of the top drive body from top to bottom. For example, the magnetic steel can be five magnetic steels 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5, namely five detection points, and strong glue is added for fixing to prevent falling off. The recommended magnetic steel is arranged on the fifth guide rail surface and the sixth guide rail surface, 3 proximity switches are arranged below the position of the two-layer platform 16, and 2 proximity switches are arranged above the position of the two-layer platform 16.
The detection mode of the proximity switch matched with the magnetic steel is a non-contact mode, mechanical abrasion cannot be generated, the effective detection distance is far longer than that of other non-contact detection modes, and the problem that the detection distance is exceeded due to vibration can be avoided; the detection space between the proximity switch and the magnetic steel is relatively independent, the anti-interference capability is strong, the fixing frame can ensure that the detection surface of the proximity switch is always parallel to the magnetic steel, and the feedback signal of the proximity switch is reliable.
In the embodiment of the invention, (1) before the system is executed, four initial data are acquired and recorded in consideration of the difference between the top drive and the derrick individual: firstly, measuring forward-tilting and neutral position returning time of the hoisting ring according to the actual situation of top drive, and recording the forward-tilting time value and the neutral position returning time value of the hoisting ring; secondly, recording the distance between the second-layer platform and the top drive body; thirdly, recording the distance between every two five magnetic steels; fourthly, recording the distance between each magnetic steel and the two-layer platform. Wherein the position of the two-tier platform is a known absolute position relative to the ground. And finally, inputting the data into the central processing unit 1, so that a collision speed critical value of the top drive body 8 passing through different magnetic steel 7 detection points can be obtained, and in order to fully consider the influence of actual working conditions, the central processing unit 1 needs to introduce engineering safety factors when calculating the collision speed critical value.
The collision speed threshold value is specifically calculated according to the following formula:
as shown in FIG. 5, Δ S is known1、ΔS2、ΔS3、ΔS4、ΔS5Respectively, the distances, t, between the two-layer platform and the different magnetic steels 7 (i.e. 5 response detecting points P1-P5)BThe forward inclination and neutral return time of the hoisting ring are shown. Wherein,
wherein upsilon iscnAnd representing the collision speed critical value of each detection point, wherein n is 1,2,3,4 and 5.
In addition, the possible failure of the hoisting ring after long-term use is fully considered, after a period of time, forward-leaning and return-to-middle position time data values of the hoisting ring can be collected again to update initial information, and the central processing unit provides an initial data correction interface, so that the reliability and stability of long-term operation of the system are guaranteed.
(2) Detecting a top drive state: in the central processing unit, the first feedback signal of the first proximity switch 11.1 arranged above is set as '1', the second feedback signal of the second proximity switch 11.2 arranged below is set as '2', when a '12' (representing uplink) or '21' (representing downlink) signal feedback sequence occurs, the sequence signal is transmitted to the central processing unit through the traveling cable and the horizontal cable, the central processing unit records the signal sequence characteristics, judges that the top drive is in a rising state or a falling state at the moment, and feeds the result back to the top drive driller box through the central processing unit cable for the driller to refer to.
(3) Detecting the running speed of the top drive: when the proximity switches arranged up and down pass through the magnetic steel detection point, when the feedback signal of '1' ('2') reaches the central processing unit, the time t is recorded
n1When the feedback signal of "2" ("1") arrives at the CPU, the time t is recorded
n2N is 1,2,3,4,5, representing five magnetic steel detection points, the central processing unit calculates t
n2-t
n1The time difference (the absolute value can be taken) and the top drive uplink speed (downlink speed) can be obtained according to the distance between the two proximity switches, namely the top drive uplink speed
Upsilon is the top drive up or down velocity, S
jIs the distance between the proximity switches (i.e., sensor 1 and sensor 2).
Therefore, the central processing unit can calculate the collision warning time of each magnetic steel detection point, meanwhile, the central processing unit also reserves an interface for adjusting the warning time for an operator, and the collision warning time can be advanced or pushed back by properly adjusting the positions of the magnetic steel detection points.
(4) A top drive anti-collision warning mechanism: when the top drive body goes upward to pass through a first magnetic steel 7.1 detection point, if the upward speed of the top drive body (theoretically, the upward speed is constant under the condition of normal operation of the driver drill) is higher than a corresponding collision speed critical value, the top drive driver drill box gives out a sound alarm to prompt an operator to pay attention to the top drive position and the hanging ring state at the moment, otherwise, no alarm is given; when the top drive body passes through a second magnetic steel 7.2 detection point, if the upward speed of the top drive body is higher than a corresponding collision speed critical value, the top drive driller box gives out a rapid acousto-optic alarm, otherwise, gives out an audible alarm to prompt an operator to pay attention to the top drive position and the suspension ring state; when the top drive body passes through the third magnetic steel 7.3 detection point, if the upward speed of the top drive body is greater than the corresponding collision speed critical value, the top drive hanging ring automatically retracts to the collision safety distance, otherwise, the top drive driller box gives out a rapid acousto-optic alarm to prompt an operator to pay attention to the top drive position and the hanging ring state at the moment, and the operator judges and executes the hanging ring circulation to the middle position.
When the top drive body descends to pass through a fifth magnetic steel 7.5 detection point, if the descending speed of the top drive body (theoretically, the descending speed is constant under the condition that the top drive driller normally operates) is greater than a collision speed critical value at the moment, the top drive driller box gives out a rapid acousto-optic alarm, otherwise, the top drive driller box gives out an audible alarm to prompt an operator to pay attention to the top drive position and the hanging ring state at the moment; when the top drive body descends to pass through the fourth magnetic steel 7.4 detection point, if the descending speed of the top drive body is larger than the collision speed critical value at the moment, the top drive hanging ring automatically retracts to the collision safety distance, otherwise, the top drive driller box gives out a rapid acousto-optic alarm to prompt an operator to pay attention to the top drive position and the hanging ring state at the moment, and the operator judges and executes the hanging ring circulation to the middle position by himself.
That is, if upsilon ≧ k upsiloncnThe top drive driller box sends out a response warning prompt, k is a safety engineering coefficient introduced by the invention, upsilon is a top drive uplink speed or a downlink speed, and upsilon iscnAnd representing the collision speed critical value of each detection point, wherein n is 1,2,3,4 and 5.
Wherein, prevent bumping warning protect function and adopt warning of gradually intensive formula, carry out the operation according to the safety risk degree by low to high and do: the alarm device can give an alarm by sound, prompt sound and light and automatically return to the collision safety distance. The warning reminding protection mode strengthened gradually can provide a more reasonable prompt signal for operators, and the operators can clearly know the current equipment operation safety risk.
In conclusion, the anti-collision protection system for the top drive and the derrick two-layer platform provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system can achieve the anti-collision purpose only by depending on the top drive device system, has low dependence on other drilling devices, has wide application range and is easy to popularize; the safety risk of the system is not increased, the system is convenient to install, operate and maintain, the collision prevention warning protection function adopts gradually enhanced warning reminding, a more reasonable signal can be provided for an operator, the system is intelligent and high in integration degree, the response is rapid, the anti-interference capability is strong, and the safety of the operation of the drilling equipment is greatly improved for assisting the operator. The problem of excessively depending on personal experience of the driller is reduced, the system for assisting the driller to carry out composite operation construction is fundamentally a set, the safety of the top drive equipment is effectively improved, and the risk of collision between the top drive hoisting ring and the two-layer platform is avoided.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the embodiment of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.