CN111852026A - Novel construction process of gelled sand gravel dam - Google Patents
Novel construction process of gelled sand gravel dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852026A CN111852026A CN202010762374.2A CN202010762374A CN111852026A CN 111852026 A CN111852026 A CN 111852026A CN 202010762374 A CN202010762374 A CN 202010762374A CN 111852026 A CN111852026 A CN 111852026A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of gelled sand gravel dams, and particularly relates to a novel construction process of a gelled sand gravel dam.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of construction of cemented sand gravel dams, and particularly relates to a novel construction process of a cemented sand gravel dam.
Background art:
the gelled sand gravel dam is a novel dam provided on the basis of rock-fill dam and roller compacted concrete dam theories and construction methods, and the traditional construction process for constructing the gelled sand gravel dam comprises the following steps: selecting gravel materials from covering layer excavating materials such as foundation pits, riverbeds and the like, fully mixing the gravel materials with cementing materials (mainly comprising cement, fly ash and a small amount of additives) and water by adopting a stirrer mixing method or a material pit stirring method, then conveying the mixed gelled gravel mixture into a bin by a self-unloading truck, conveying the mixture to a construction bin surface by the self-unloading truck for unloading, paving the materials by a bin flattening machine, manually removing sand gravel with super-large particle size, and finally rolling and vibrating; in the process of mixing the gelled sand gravel material, the uniformity of the gelled material and the uniformity of sand gravel aggregate are ensured, the using amount of the gelled material in the gelled sand gravel material is small, in order to increase the workability of the material, the water-cement ratio is generally more than 1.0, so that the contents of water, cement, coal ash and additives in the gelled material on the unit specific surface area of the aggregate are uniform, and large, medium and small stones in a unit volume are continuously graded; because the using amount of the cementing material is small and the particle size of the aggregate is widened, great difficulty is increased for mixing the gelled gravel material, although the mixing method of a stirrer has higher controllability in the aspect of controlling the uniformity of the mixture, special mixing equipment with the maximum particle size not more than 150mm is also developed, but the gelled gravel dam is characterized in that the aggregate is not screened, along with the further widening of the maximum particle size, the excavated material has more stones with the particle size larger than 80mm, even if natural sand and fine aggregate are mixed before mixing, the condition that the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate are not uniform in the mixing process can still be caused, the problems that the blades of a mixer are blocked and the wall of the mixer is damaged can also occur, the actual mixing strength and efficiency are lower, and the construction cost can also be increased; the method comprises the steps of excavating a mixing pit near a dam, unloading gravel aggregates into the pit twice, manually scattering cement, fly ash and additives on the gravel aggregates in a calculated ratio, manually removing oversize aggregates larger than 150mm, after dry mixing by a backhoe excavator, uniformly adding water according to a designed ratio for wet mixing, loading and transporting to a construction site after the mixing is qualified, and although the method for stirring the material pit is simple and low in manufacturing cost, the mixing capability is not limited by the maximum particle size of the aggregates, the uniformity of the gelled material, the mixing uniformity and the overall uniformity of the gelled material are difficult to meet the design requirements; after the gelled gravel material is mixed, aggregates and gelled materials are separated to different degrees in the processes of loading, unloading, transportation, warehousing and the like, the engineering quality can be ensured only by manual treatment and adjustment in the construction process, however, the manual treatment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the treatment effect is limited by the construction experience and the work responsibility of field workers, the quality is difficult to control, and serious quality problems such as honeycombs, dog holes and the like easily occur at the local part of the dam body if the control is not good.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and problems in the traditional construction process for building the cemented sand gravel dam, the invention provides the novel construction process for the cemented sand gravel dam, which can fully utilize natural gravel materials, appropriately relax the limitation of the maximum particle size of aggregates, reduce the use of large-scale mechanical mixing in the construction process, reduce the construction cost, accurately control the using amount of cementing materials, facilitate the mechanized construction and the digital control and improve the progress of the engineering construction.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a novel construction process of a cemented sand gravel dam comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: excavating sand gravel in a natural sand gravel yard by adopting an excavator and a bulldozer, screening the sand gravel, removing stones with the particle size of more than 150mm as sand gravel materials, and piling the sand gravel materials to a dry place; meanwhile, a flat area is selected near the dam filling position, a cementing material batching station is built, and cement, fly ash, an additive and water are uniformly mixed in the batching station according to the designed mixing proportion to prepare cementing material slurry
S2, transportation and paving: transporting the sand and gravel materials to a dam filling position by adopting a loader and a dump truck, paving and leveling the sand and gravel materials by adopting a bulldozer and a leveling machine, and controlling the paving thickness to form a uniformly paved gravel warehouse surface;
s3, spraying the cementing material slurry: uniformly spraying a cementing material slurry on the uniformly paved gravel bin surface by using a special device for cementing gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine; the cement material slurry stirring and spraying machine comprises a driving mechanism, a supporting travelling mechanism, a slurry stirring system and a slurry spraying mechanism, wherein the head end of the supporting travelling mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving mechanism, a guardrail is installed on the supporting travelling mechanism, the slurry stirring system comprises a stirring tank, a stirring shaft, a spiral stirring blade and a motor, the stirring tank is fixed above the supporting travelling mechanism and is cylindrical, a feeding port is formed in the top of the stirring tank, the feeding port is a covered horn-shaped port, a discharging port is formed in the bottom of the stirring tank, the motor is arranged in the center of the top of the stirring tank, the output end of the motor faces downwards, the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring tank, the stirring shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor, the bottom end of the stirring shaft is rotatably sleeved at the inner bottom of the stirring tank, and; the utility model discloses a mortar spraying machine, including spouting mechanism, guniting mechanism, support running gear, agitator tank, support frame, mortar conveying pipe and shower nozzle, the head end of support frame is fixed with the support running gear trailing end connection, mortar conveying pipe includes main mortar conveying pipe and a mortar conveying pipe, and the sealed intercommunication of discharge gate and agitator tank is passed through to main mortar conveying pipe's input, and the output extends to support running gear to support frame top, the output sealing connection of a mortar conveying pipe and main mortar conveying pipe, and a mortar conveying pipe be many and establish in the support frame top for the rectangle, the shower nozzle is a plurality of and even below of installing in a mortar conveying pipe, and the ranks interval between each shower nozzle sets up rationally, and fixed mounting has the booster pump on main mortar conveying pipe, installs adjustable flowmeter on the main mortar conveying pipe at booster pump rear.
S4, blending: mixing gravel materials and cementing material slurry by using a special equipment cementing sand-gravel dam continuous stirring machine to form a uniformly stirred cementing sand-gravel mixture; the gelled material stirring machine comprises a driving mechanism, a traction mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a leveling mechanism, wherein the traction mechanism comprises an upper transverse rod, a lower transverse rod, a left vertical rod and a right vertical rod, the left vertical rod is fixed at the tail end of the driving mechanism, the left ends of the upper transverse rod and the lower transverse rod are respectively hinged with the top end and the bottom end of the left vertical rod, the stirring mechanism comprises a horizontal frame, a left stirring plough head group and a right stirring plough head group, a hinged seat is fixed at the head end of the horizontal frame, and a fixed seat is fixed at the center of the upper end face of the horizontal frame; the right vertical rod is fixed above the head end of the horizontal frame, the right end of the lower cross rod is hinged with the horizontal frame through a hinge seat, the right end of the upper cross rod is hinged with the top end of the right vertical rod, and the upper cross rod, the lower cross rod, the left vertical rod and the right vertical rod are combined to form a parallel four-bar linkage; the left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are fixed at the bottom of the horizontal frame, the left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are sequentially and alternately arranged from left to right, the adjacent left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are staggered front and back, the lifting mechanism is a hydraulic lifter, the right end of the hydraulic lifter is hinged and fixed on the fixed seat, and the left end of the hydraulic lifter is hinged and fixed at the tail end of the driving mechanism; the leveling mechanism is a vertical plate or an arc-shaped scraper, the bottom edge of the leveling mechanism is horizontally parallel, the leveling mechanism is fixed at the tail end of the horizontal frame, and the leveling mechanism is consistent with the horizontal frame in width.
S5: and (3) rolling the uniformly stirred gelled gravel and sand mixture by using a rolling machine for 6-8 times to form a gelled gravel rolling layer with the thickness of 25-30cm, and repeatedly paving, leveling, spraying, mixing and rolling until a compact gelled gravel dam is formed.
Further, in step S1, if the content of mud in the gravel material is too high, the gravel material is washed by a high-pressure water gun; if the water content of the gravel materials is too large, the gravel materials meet the relatively stable allowable water content through airing and dehydration.
Furthermore, the cementing material batching station comprises a cement tank, a fly ash tank, an additive tank and a water supply pipe.
Further, the discharge gate of each jar of body all is provided with automatic metering and controlgear to guarantee that gelled material is according to the accurate quantity of disposing each material thing of design match ratio.
Further, in step S2, the sand gravel material may be transported by a belt conveyor.
Further, in steps S3 and S4, the driving mechanism is a high horsepower tractor.
Furthermore, the pipe diameter of the main pulp conveying pipe is 10-15cm, the pipe diameter of the branch pulp conveying pipes is 3-5cm, the number of the branch pulp conveying pipes is 6-8, and the plurality of the branch pulp conveying pipes are fixed above the support frame in a rectangular shape.
Furthermore, the number of the spray heads is 4-6, the spray heads are of a rotary spraying type, and the spray heads are uniformly and vertically arranged below the branch pulp conveying pipe.
Furthermore, the distance between each plowshare in the left-turning plowshare group and the right-turning plowshare group is more than or equal to 30 cm.
Furthermore, the paving thickness of the sand and stone materials is coordinated with the penetration depth of slurry sprayed out of a slurry stirring and spraying machine of the gelled gravel dam, the stirring capacity of a continuous stirrer of the gelled gravel dam and the compaction strength of the wheel type vibration roller.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, directly putting gravel materials on a dam to be paved, continuously stirring the gravel materials and the cementing materials by a cementing gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine, and continuously stirring the gravel materials and the cementing materials by a cementing gravel continuous stirring machine after the slurry spraying is finished, wherein the same process is continuous and the time consumption is less; the construction speed of the dam body is controlled by the transportation capacity of the sand gravel and the rolling times of the gelled gravel material, and the construction speed and the construction efficiency of the gelled gravel dam are obviously improved.
Secondly, gravel materials are directly laid on the dam and are subjected to guniting of a cementing material through a cement gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine, the cementing material and water can be continuously stirred through the cement gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine, the cementing material is more uniform, and the dosage of the cementing material in unit volume is more accurate through the control of an adjustable flowmeter; then, the gravel material and the cementing material are continuously mixed in situ by a cemented sand gravel continuous stirring machine, so that the cemented sand gravel material in unit volume in the bin surface is uniformly mixed, the mixture ratio is closer to the construction requirement, and the quality of the cemented sand gravel dam is ensured; the problem that the gravel materials and the gelled materials are separated to different degrees in the processes of loading, unloading, transporting, warehousing and the like after the completion of mixing in the traditional construction process is also solved.
Thirdly, this novel construction process has cancelled the process that the gelatinization sand gravel material passes through mixer stirring mix among the traditional construction process, thereby avoided because the biggest particle diameter restriction of relaxation sand gravel material arouses the mixer blade card and the impaired scheduling problem that is difficult to overcome of mixer section of thick bamboo wall, and the professional equipment gelatinization sand gravel dam that this novel construction process provided stirs thick liquid shotcrete machine and the continuous stirring machine of gelatinization sand gravel stone convenient operation, reuse rate is high, also because further relaxation the biggest particle diameter restriction of sand gravel material, the discarded material just can reduce, construction cost is reduced, and construction speed has been accelerated, make the time limit for a project shorten, further reduction engineering cost.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slurry-stirring and spraying machine for a cemented sand gravel dam.
Fig. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a cement mortar stirring and spraying machine for a cemented sand and gravel dam.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cemented sand and gravel continuous agitator.
FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of the cemented sand and gravel continuous agitator.
In the figure: 1-tractor, 2-four-wheel plate car, 3-helical stirring blade, 4-stirring shaft, 5-motor, 6-feeding port, 7-stirring tank, 8-booster pump, 9-guardrail, 10-adjustable flowmeter, 11-pin, 12-support frame, 13-main slurry conveying pipe, 14-branch slurry conveying pipe, 15-spray head, 16-left vertical rod, 17-upper horizontal rod, 18-lower horizontal rod, 19-right vertical rod, 20-hinged seat, 21-hydraulic lifter, 22-fixed seat, 23-horizontal frame, 24-right turning plough group, 25-left turning plough group and 26-leveling scraper.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1, first step, material preparation, the material preparation includes sand gravel preparation and cementing material preparation, sand gravel preparation: the method comprises the following steps of excavating sand gravel in a natural sand gravel yard by matching an excavator and a bulldozer, screening gravel blocks with the particle size larger than 150mm by using a screen after the sand gravel is excavated, stacking the qualified sand gravel materials at a relatively dry position, and flushing the sand gravel materials with excessively high mud content by using a high-pressure water gun if the mud content of the excavated sand gravel materials exceeds 3%, so that the sand gravel materials are flushed completely; if the water content of the gravel materials is too large, the gravel materials with the too large water content can be paved on a sunny ground for airing and dewatering, so that the gravel meets the relatively stable allowable water content (the surface of the gravel is wet, and the construction requirement is met); preparing a cementing material: a gelled material batching station is built in a proper area near a dam body of a cemented sand gravel dam, the gelled material batching station comprises a cement tank, a fly ash tank, an additive tank and a water supply pipe, cement, fly ash, additives and water are uniformly mixed in the batching station according to a designed mixing proportion to prepare gelled material slurry, and an automatic metering device and a control device are mounted at a discharge outlet of each tank body to ensure that the gelled material accurately configures the using amount of each material according to the designed mixing proportion.
And secondly, transporting and paving gravel materials, namely, transporting the gravel materials meeting the dam construction engineering requirements to a dam filling position at the excavated gravel material stacking position of a natural gravel material field by adopting a loader and a dump truck to be matched, wherein the gravel materials have the particle size of 5-150mm, transporting the gravel materials with the wet gravel surfaces to the dam filling position, transporting the gravel materials by adopting the dump truck or a belt conveyor, paving and leveling the unloaded gravel materials by adopting a bulldozer and a leveling machine after transporting the gravel materials to the dam filling position, and controlling the paving thickness to form a gravel storehouse surface with uniform paving.
Thirdly, uniformly spraying a cementing material slurry on the paved gravel storehouse surface by using a special device cementing gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine, driving a tractor as traction power by an operator to pull a supporting travelling mechanism to the upper part of the paved gravel storehouse surface, starting a motor, driving a stirring shaft to rotate after the motor is started so as to drive a stirring blade to rotate, manually adding the cementing material which is well designed and matched in proportion into a stirring tank by the operator or a charging vehicle through a feeding port at the top of the stirring tank, continuously stirring the cementing material in the stirring tank by the stirring blade which is always in a rotating state so as to ensure that the cementing material is more uniform, starting a booster pump on a main slurry conveying pipe, pumping the cementing material which is uniformly stirred in the stirring tank into the main slurry conveying pipe, uniformly distributing the slurry in the main slurry conveying pipe into each branch slurry conveying pipe, and uniformly spraying the slurry in each branch slurry conveying pipe onto the paved gravel storehouse surface through a spray head, the penetration depth of the sprayed slurry is adapted to the paving thickness of the sand gravel material, so that the spraying of the cementing material is realized, and the spraying amount of the cementing material can be controlled by an adjustable flow meter according to the construction condition on site, so that the using amount of the cementing material in unit volume is more accurate.
Fourthly, mixing gravel materials and cementing material slurry by using a special equipment cementing sand stone dam continuous stirring machine to form a uniformly stirred cementing sand gravel mixture, driving a tractor to a position above a paving sand gravel cabin surface sprayed with cementing materials by an operator, lifting a horizontal frame by a hydraulic lifter, keeping the horizontal frame in a horizontal state all the time when lifting under the action of parallel four connecting rods, moving a left-turning plough head group and a right-turning plough head group at the bottom of the horizontal frame along with the horizontal frame, adjusting the height of the horizontal frame by the hydraulic lifter, driving the tractor to move forwards by the operator to stir the cementing gravel materials by the left-turning plough head group and the right-turning plough head group at the bottom of the horizontal frame, and continuously stirring the cementing gravel materials in situ under the action of the designed arrangement number, spacing and direction of the plough heads in the left-turning plough head group and the right-turning plough head group, the gelled sand gravel mixture is uniformly mixed, the quality of the gelled sand gravel dam is guaranteed, and the leveling scraper at the tail end of the horizontal frame scrapes the surface of the uniformly stirred gelled sand gravel mixture.
And fifthly, rolling the gelled sand gravel material mixture, uniformly stirring and striking the gelled sand gravel material mixture through a gelled sand gravel dam continuous stirring machine, rolling the uniformly stirred gelled sand gravel material mixture by using a wheel type vibration rolling machine for 6-8 times to form a gelled sand gravel rolling layer with the thickness of 25-30cm, repeatedly paving, leveling, spraying, mixing and rolling until the gelled sand gravel dam meeting the construction height requirement is formed, wherein the paving thickness of the sand gravel material is coordinated with the penetration depth of slurry sprayed by a gelled sand dam gravel slurry stirring and spraying machine, the stirring capability of the gelled sand gravel dam continuous stirring machine and the compaction strength of the wheel type vibration rolling machine.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, the tractor comprises a tractor 1, the tractor 1 is a high-horsepower tractor, a four-wheel flat car 2 is arranged behind the tractor 1, the head end of the four-wheel flat car 2 is fixedly connected with the tail end of the tractor 1, the tractor 1 drives the four-wheel flat car 2 as traction power, a stirring tank 7 is arranged above the four-wheel flat car 2, the stirring tank 7 is cylindrical, the inner diameter of the stirring tank 7 is 1.5-2m, the height of the stirring tank 7 is 1.5m, and the capacity of the stirring tank 7 is 2.6-4.7m3The bottom of the stirring tank 7 is fixed on the four-wheel plate trailer 2, the bottom of the stirring tank 7 is provided with a discharge hole, the top of the stirring tank 7 is fixedly provided with a motor 5, an output shaft of the motor 5 faces downwards, one side of the top of the stirring tank 7 is provided with a feed inlet 6, the feed inlet 6 is in a shape of a covered bell mouth, manual or mechanical feeding can be facilitated by the aid of the covered bell mouth, and slurry cannot overflow when the four-wheel plate trailer 2 moves forwards and the stirring tank 7 is stirred; a stirring shaft 4 is arranged in the stirring tank 7, the top end of the stirring shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the main output shaft of the motor 5 coaxially, the bottom end of the stirring shaft 4 is rotatably fixed at the inner bottom of the stirring tank 7, stirring blades 3 are fixed on the stirring shaft 4 in a staggered manner, the stirring blades 3 have good strength and wear resistance, and the rotation of the stirring shaft 4 can drive the spiral stirring blades 3 to rotate, so that the gelled material in the stirring tank 7 is continuously stirred, the gelled material is uniformly mixed, and the phenomenon of water-gel separation caused by the precipitation of the gelled material due to standing of the gelled material is avoided; the tail end of the four-wheel plate trailer 2 is provided with a support frame 12, the support frame 12 is of a steel truss type, the head end of the support frame 12 is fixedly connected with the four-wheel plate trailer 2 through a pin 11, a discharge hole at the bottom of the stirring tank 7 is provided with a main slurry conveying pipe 13, the left end of the main slurry conveying pipe 13 is communicated with the discharge hole in a sealing way, and the right end of the main slurry conveying pipe 13 is communicated with theThe four-wheel plate trailer 2 extends to the upper part of the support frame 12, the pipe diameter of the main slurry conveying pipe 13 is between 10 and 15cm, a branch slurry conveying pipe 14 is arranged at the right end of the main slurry conveying pipe 13, the pipe diameter of the branch slurry conveying pipe 14 is between 3 and 5cm, the branch pipelines 14 are 6 to 8, the plurality of branch slurry conveying pipes 14 are uniformly fixed above the support frame 12 in a rectangular shape, the intervals between the branch slurry conveying pipes 14 are equal, and the main slurry conveying pipe 13 and the branch slurry conveying pipes 14 are made of welded steel pipes; the spray head 15 is arranged below the branch slurry conveying pipe 14, the spray head 15 is of a rotary spraying type, the number of the spray heads 15 is 4-6, the row-column spacing between the spray heads 15 is equal, the booster pump 8 is fixedly arranged on the main slurry conveying pipe 13, the booster pump 8 is of a vertical single-stage pipeline type, the adjustable flow meter 10 is arranged on the main slurry conveying pipe 13 behind the booster pump 8, and the slurry spraying amount can be accurately controlled through the adjustable flow meter 10, so that the slurry spraying amount can be flexibly changed according to the requirements of site construction conditions.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the tractor comprises a tractor 1, the tractor 1 is a high-horsepower tractor, a left vertical rod 16 is fixedly installed at the tail end of the tractor 1, an upper cross rod 17 is hinged to the top end of the left vertical rod 16, a lower cross rod 18 is hinged to the bottom end of the left vertical rod 16, a horizontal frame 23 is horizontally arranged behind the tractor 1, a hinged seat 20 is fixed at the head end of the horizontal frame 23, a right vertical rod 19 is arranged above the head end of the horizontal frame 23, the bottom end of the right vertical rod 19 is welded to the horizontal frame 23, the other end of the upper cross rod 17 is hinged to the top end of the right vertical rod 19, the other end of the lower cross rod 4 is hinged to the hinged seat 20, the left vertical rod 16, the upper cross rod 17, the lower cross rod 18 and the right vertical rod 19 are combined; a hydraulic lifter 21 is arranged above the horizontal frame 23, the left end of the hydraulic lifter 21 is hinged to the tail end of the tractor 1, the right end of the hydraulic lifter 21 is hinged to the fixed seat 22, the left end of the hydraulic lifter 21 is higher than the left vertical rod 16, the hydraulic lifter 21 can control the lifting of the horizontal frame 23, and the horizontal frame 23 can be kept in a horizontal state all the time when lifted under the action of the parallel four-bar linkage; left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 are alternately arranged and fixed at the bottom of the horizontal frame 23 from left to right, the adjacent left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 are staggered back and forth, plowshares in the left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 are ploughshares, the distance between plowshares in the left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 is not less than 30cm, the left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 are arranged in 8 rows, the arrangement number of the left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24 can be determined according to the construction requirements on site, under the mutual stirring and matching of the left plowshare groups 25 and right plowshare groups 24, the continuous in-situ stirring of gelled gravel is realized, the tail end of the horizontal frame 23 is welded with a leveling and in-situ stirring mixture cementing scraper 26, the bottom edges of the scraper 26 are horizontally parallel, the width of the leveling scraper 26 is consistent with the width of the horizontal frame 23, the gravel mixture can be leveled and stirred by the scraper 26 after the gravel is stirred, facilitating the rolling construction of the subsequent wheel type vibration rolling machine.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be covered thereby.
Claims (10)
1. A novel construction process of a cemented sand gravel dam is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing materials: excavating sand gravel in a natural sand gravel yard by adopting an excavator and a bulldozer, screening the sand gravel, removing stones with the particle size of more than 150mm as sand gravel materials, and piling the sand gravel materials to a dry place; meanwhile, selecting a flat area near the dam filling position, building a cementing material batching station, and uniformly mixing cement, fly ash, an additive and water according to a designed mixing ratio in the batching station to prepare cementing material slurry;
s2, transportation and paving: transporting the sand and gravel materials to a dam filling position by adopting a loader and a dump truck, paving and leveling the sand and gravel materials by adopting a bulldozer and a leveling machine, and controlling the paving thickness to form a uniformly paved gravel warehouse surface;
s3, spraying the cementing material slurry: uniformly spraying a cementing material slurry on the uniformly paved gravel bin surface by using a special device for cementing gravel dam slurry stirring and spraying machine; the cement material slurry stirring and spraying machine comprises a driving mechanism, a supporting travelling mechanism, a slurry stirring system and a slurry spraying mechanism, wherein the head end of the supporting travelling mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving mechanism, a guardrail is installed on the supporting travelling mechanism, the slurry stirring system comprises a stirring tank, a stirring shaft, a spiral stirring blade and a motor, the stirring tank is fixed above the supporting travelling mechanism and is cylindrical, a feeding port is formed in the top of the stirring tank, the feeding port is a covered horn-shaped port, a discharging port is formed in the bottom of the stirring tank, the motor is arranged in the center of the top of the stirring tank, the output end of the motor faces downwards, the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring tank, the stirring shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the motor, the bottom end of the stirring shaft is rotatably sleeved at the inner bottom of the stirring tank, and; the slurry spraying mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the supporting travelling mechanism and comprises a support frame, a slurry conveying pipe and a spray head, the head end of the support frame is fixedly connected with the tail end of the supporting travelling mechanism, the slurry conveying pipe comprises a main slurry conveying pipe and a branch slurry conveying pipe, the input end of the main slurry conveying pipe is hermetically communicated with the stirring tank through a discharge port, the output end of the main slurry conveying pipe extends out of the supporting travelling mechanism to the position above the support frame, the branch slurry conveying pipe is hermetically connected with the output end of the main slurry conveying pipe, the branch slurry conveying pipes are rectangular and arranged above the support frame, the spray heads are uniformly arranged below the branch slurry conveying pipes, the row-column spacing among the spray heads is reasonable, a booster pump is fixedly arranged on the main slurry conveying pipe, and an adjustable flow meter is arranged on the main slurry conveying pipe behind the booster pump;
s4, blending: mixing gravel materials and cementing material slurry by using a special equipment cementing sand-gravel dam continuous stirring machine to form a uniformly stirred cementing sand-gravel mixture; the continuous stirring machine for the gelled sand-gravel dam comprises a driving mechanism, a traction mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a lifting mechanism and a leveling mechanism, wherein the traction mechanism comprises an upper transverse rod, a lower transverse rod, a left vertical rod and a right vertical rod, the left vertical rod is fixed at the tail end of the driving mechanism, the left ends of the upper transverse rod and the lower transverse rod are respectively hinged with the top end and the bottom end of the left vertical rod, the stirring mechanism comprises a horizontal frame, a left stirring plough set and a right stirring plough set, a hinged seat is fixed at the head end of the horizontal frame, and a fixed seat is fixed at the center of the upper end face of the horizontal frame; the right vertical rod is fixed above the head end of the horizontal frame, the right end of the lower cross rod is hinged with the horizontal frame through a hinge seat, the right end of the upper cross rod is hinged with the top end of the right vertical rod, and the upper cross rod, the lower cross rod, the left vertical rod and the right vertical rod are combined to form a parallel four-bar linkage; the left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are fixed at the bottom of the horizontal frame, the left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are sequentially and alternately arranged from left to right, the adjacent left turning plough head group and the right turning plough head group are staggered front and back, the lifting mechanism is a hydraulic lifter, the right end of the hydraulic lifter is hinged and fixed on the fixed seat, and the left end of the hydraulic lifter is hinged and fixed at the tail end of the driving mechanism; the leveling mechanism is a vertical plate or an arc-shaped scraper, the bottom edges of the leveling mechanism are horizontally parallel, the leveling mechanism is fixed at the tail end of the horizontal frame, and the width of the leveling mechanism is consistent with that of the horizontal frame;
and S5, rolling the uniformly stirred gelled gravel and sand mixture by using a rolling machine for 6-8 times to form a gelled gravel rolling layer with the thickness of 25-30cm, and repeatedly paving, leveling, spraying, mixing and rolling until a compact gelled gravel dam is formed.
2. The novel construction process of a cemented gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, if the content of mud in gravel is too high, the gravel is washed by a high pressure water gun; if the water content of the sand gravel is too large, the sand gravel material meets the relatively stable allowable water content through airing and dehydration.
3. The novel construction process of a cemented gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cementing material batching plant comprises a cement tank, a fly ash tank, an additive tank and a water supply pipe.
4. The novel construction process of the cemented sand gravel dam as claimed in claim 3, wherein the discharge ports of the tanks are provided with automatic metering and control equipment, so as to ensure that the cementing materials are accurately allocated to the use amounts of the materials according to the designed mix ratio.
5. A novel construction process for a cemented sand and gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the transportation of the sand and gravel material is carried out by a belt conveyer.
6. A novel construction process for a cemented gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism is a high horsepower tractor in steps S3 and S4.
7. The novel construction process of a cemented sand gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the main slurry pipe is 10-15cm, the diameter of the branch slurry pipes is 3-5cm, the number of the branch slurry pipes is 6-8, and a plurality of the branch slurry pipes are fixed above the support frame in a rectangular shape.
8. The novel construction process of the cemented sand gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the spray nozzles is 4-6, the spray nozzles are of a rotary spray type, and the spray nozzles are uniformly and vertically installed below the branch slurry conveying pipe.
9. The novel construction process of a cemented sand gravel dam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the plowshare of the left-turning plowshare group and the plowshare of the right-turning plowshare group is not less than 30 cm.
10. The process of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sand and stone is coordinated with the depth of penetration of slurry from the slurry-mixing and spraying machine, the stirring capacity of the continuous stirrer of the cemented gravel dam, and the compaction strength of the wheel-type vibration roller.
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| CN113622242A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-09 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Rapid construction method for filling cement soil |
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