CN111850440A - Small deformation control process for accelerating transformation of microstructure of titanium alloy - Google Patents
Small deformation control process for accelerating transformation of microstructure of titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111850440A CN111850440A CN202010627989.4A CN202010627989A CN111850440A CN 111850440 A CN111850440 A CN 111850440A CN 202010627989 A CN202010627989 A CN 202010627989A CN 111850440 A CN111850440 A CN 111850440A
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to a small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure, which can quickly realize the transformation of the titanium alloy microstructure by utilizing the principle of inducing the transformation of the microstructure by small deformation. The problem of inconsistent microstructure caused by inconsistent temperature of the surface layer and the core is avoided. The micro deformation can provide driving force for the transformation of the microstructure, accelerate the transformation of the microstructure and achieve stable microstructure morphology. The cooling with different cooling speeds can be realized by water quenching, air cooling or air cooling. When the heat treatment temperature of the titanium alloy has two or more different temperatures, the above steps can be repeated. The small deformation control process can quickly realize the microstructure transformation of the titanium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of titanium alloy processing technology, and relates to a small deformation control technology for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure.
Background
The titanium alloy has the excellent characteristics of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely used for manufacturing aerospace high-performance parts. The performance of the titanium alloy part with specific components is mainly determined by the internal microstructure form, and the microstructure form is controlled by the processing and preparation process, so that the control of the processing and preparation process of the titanium alloy is very important. At present, titanium alloy materials are generally produced and prepared in a smelting deformation mode, and multiple times of deformation and heat treatment are needed in the middle to change the microstructure form and improve the service performance. The microstructure of the titanium alloy can be refined through deformation, and the morphology, content and distribution of different grains and phases in the deformed microstructure can be adjusted by combining with subsequent heat treatment, so that the mechanical property is further improved. However, because different phases in the microstructure of the titanium alloy can be mutually constrained and affect the migration under the high temperature condition, the different phases can be balanced only by long-time heat preservation treatment, thereby completing the adjustment of the shape of the deformed microstructure and obtaining the stable microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties. In addition, the microstructure of titanium alloys is very sensitive to temperature, and temperature differences can result in large variations in properties. Therefore, the heat treatment of the titanium alloy can be completed only by adopting a resistance furnace with furnace temperature precision capable of being well controlled for a long time, the production cost is higher, and the period is longer.
Because the microstructure morphology has great influence on the performance of the titanium alloy, the sizes, the distribution and the morphologies of different grains and phases in the microstructure directly determine the performance. The uniform and fine microstructure can be obtained by deformation and heat treatment, so that the comprehensive properties of the titanium alloy, such as strength, plasticity, fatigue and the like, are obviously improved. Therefore, the control of the microstructure morphology is an important link in the whole preparation process of the titanium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of the microstructure of the titanium alloy, so that the stable microstructure of the titanium alloy is quickly obtained, the time is saved, the heat treatment efficiency is improved, and the application of the titanium alloy in the fields of aerospace, civil use and the like is further expanded. The method comprises the steps of heating the titanium alloy properly, then carrying out very small deformation on the heated titanium alloy to accelerate microstructure transformation, and finally quickly obtaining a stable microstructure by combining short-time temperature equalization with different cooling treatment modes.
Technical scheme
A small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a microstructure of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, pretreatment: polishing the surface of the titanium alloy, and cleaning in hot water with cleaning solution to remove surface impurities and oil stains; heating the titanium alloy to 100-200 ℃, spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the titanium alloy, and naturally drying to room temperature;
step 2, heating the pretreated titanium alloy to a specified temperature: when the size and thickness of the titanium alloy are less than or equal to 150mm, the furnace is charged in a warm state; when the size and thickness of the titanium alloy are more than 150mm, the temperature is increased along with the furnace, the charging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, and the temperature increasing speed is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min;
step 3, heat preservation: when the titanium alloy reaches the specified temperature, carrying out heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time t is h multiplied by (0.8-1) min/mm, h is the thickness of the titanium alloy, and the error of the heat preservation temperature range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
step 4, small deformation: on isothermal forging equipment, carrying out small deformation on the titanium alloy subjected to heat preservation in the step 3 in an isothermal deformation mode, wherein the deformation strain rate range is 10-4～10-2The deformation is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the fluctuation range of the isothermal deformation temperature of the titanium alloy is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
and 5, cooling: and (4) dispersing the titanium alloy after the small deformation in the step (4) until the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
And the cooling mode of the step 5 adopts water quenching, air cooling or air cooling.
The water quenching adopts circulating water.
The air cooling adopts a high-power fan.
There are multiple heat treatment temperatures to repeat steps 1 through 5.
The heating of step 1 is performed in a resistance furnace.
And (3) heating the pretreated titanium alloy in the step (2) by adopting radiation of a resistance furnace.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure, which can quickly realize the transformation of the titanium alloy microstructure by utilizing the principle of inducing the transformation of the microstructure by small deformation. And step 3, heat preservation treatment is performed to enable the temperature of the titanium alloy to be more uniform, and the problem that the microstructure is inconsistent due to inconsistent surface and core temperatures is avoided. Step 4, small deformation is to induce the transformation of the microstructure through very small plastic deformation, although the transformation of the microstructure can be induced by ordinary heat treatment, the required time is long, the cost is high, and the micro deformation can provide driving force for the transformation of the microstructure, so that the transformation of the microstructure is accelerated, and the stable microstructure morphology is achieved. The cooling in the step 5 is mainly performed for further controlling the microstructure, and the titanium alloy microstructure can be greatly transformed at different cooling rates, so that the cooling at different cooling rates can be realized by water quenching, air cooling or air cooling. When the heat treatment temperature of the titanium alloy has two or more different temperatures, the above steps can be repeated. The small deformation control process can quickly realize the microstructure transformation of the titanium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic diagram of small deformation control process
FIGS. 2 to 4: structure of examples 1 to 3
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
a small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a microstructure of a titanium alloy comprises the following process steps:
(1) pretreatment: cleaning the surface of the titanium alloy, removing oil stains, heating to a lower temperature of 100-200 ℃ in a resistance furnace (figure 1(a)), uniformly spraying a layer of lubricants such as glass, graphite and the like on the surface of the titanium alloy in a spraying mode (figure 1(b)), and naturally airing to room temperature;
(2) heating: heating the titanium alloy pretreated in the step 1 to a specified temperature by adopting a radiation heating mode of a resistance furnace, when the size and thickness of the alloy are less than or equal to 150mm, adopting a warm charging furnace, when the thickness of the alloy is more than 150mm, the charging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, raising the temperature along with the furnace, and the temperature raising speed is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min, as shown in a figure 1 (c);
(3) and (3) heat preservation: when the titanium alloy heated in the step 2 reaches the specified temperature, preserving heat, wherein the heat preservation time t is calculated according to the size and thickness h of the titanium alloy by adopting the t ═ hx (0.8-1) min/mm, and the error of the heat preservation temperature range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
(4) small deformation: performing small deformation on the titanium alloy subjected to heat preservation in the step 3 by adopting an isothermal deformation mode on isothermal forging equipment (figure 1(d)), wherein the deformation strain rate range is 10 -4～10-2The deformation is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the fluctuation range of the isothermal deformation temperature of the titanium alloy is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
(5) and (3) cooling: according to the microstructure requirement of the titanium alloy, the titanium alloy after the small deformation in the step 4 is cooled in different cooling modes such as water quenching, air cooling or air cooling by devices such as circulating water and a high-power fan, and is dispersed until the titanium alloy is cooled to the room temperature (figure 1(e)), and the steps 1 to 5 are repeated at a plurality of heat treatment temperatures.
The small deformation control process successfully accelerates the microstructure transformation of the Ti60 high-temperature titanium alloy, quickly obtains a steady-state microstructure and greatly improves the heat treatment efficiency.
Example 1: the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out pretreatment, heating Ti60 titanium alloy to 120 ℃ in a resistance furnace, uniformly spraying a layer of glass lubricant on the surface, and naturally airing to room temperature; heating in the step 2, heating the sample to 930 ℃ by adopting a resistance furnace to warm charging mode for the Ti60 alloy; homogenizing the heat preservation in step 3, calculating the heat preservation time to be 30min according to the size of the sample, correcting the temperature by a potential difference meter, and controlling the error of the heat preservation temperature range to be +/-3 ℃; then, the sample is subjected to small deformation in the step 4, the Ti60 alloy is subjected to small deformation in an isothermal deformation mode, and the deformation strain rate range is 10 -3The deformation temperature fluctuation range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃, the deformation amount is 10 percent, and the deformation time is about 1.7 min; cooling in step 5 after deformationCooling to room temperature by water quenching at a cooling rate of 5 deg.C/min or more. FIG. 2 shows Ti60 original structure (FIG. 2(a)) heat-treated at 930 deg.C for 20min (FIG. 2(b)), 80min (FIG. 2(c)), and at 930 deg.C with a strain rate of 10-3(s) a microstructure after 10% of small deformation at 1.7min (FIG. 2(d)), and it can be seen from the figure that the heat treatment heat preservation and the microstructure after small deformation are both transformed from the original microstructure, but the small deformation microstructure can achieve the same effect as the heat treatment with long heat preservation for 80min only after 1.7 min.
Example 2: the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out pretreatment, heating Ti60 titanium alloy to 120 ℃ in a resistance furnace, uniformly spraying a layer of glass lubricant on the surface, and naturally airing to room temperature; heating in the step 2, heating the sample to a specified temperature 990 ℃ by adopting a resistance furnace to warm charging mode for the Ti60 alloy; homogenizing the heat preservation in step 3, calculating the heat preservation time to be 30min according to the size of the sample, correcting the temperature by a potential difference meter, and controlling the error of the heat preservation temperature range to be +/-3 ℃; then, the sample is subjected to small deformation in the step 4, the Ti60 alloy is subjected to small deformation in an isothermal deformation mode, and the deformation strain rate range is 10 -3The deformation temperature fluctuation range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃, the deformation amount is 10 percent, and the deformation time is about 1.7 min; and 5, cooling after deformation by adopting a water quenching cooling mode to room temperature, wherein the cooling speed is more than or equal to 5 ℃/min. FIG. 3 shows Ti60 original structure (FIG. 3(a)) heat-treated at 990 deg.C for 20min (FIG. 3(b)), 80min (FIG. 3(c)), and strain rate of 10 at the same temperature at 990 deg.C-3(s) a microstructure 10% deformed after 1.7min (FIG. 3(d)), and the same effect as that of the heat-insulating treatment for a long period of time can be obtained by using only the microstructure with a small deformation of 1.7 min.
Example 3: the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out pretreatment, heating Ti60 titanium alloy to 120 ℃ in a resistance furnace, uniformly spraying a layer of glass lubricant on the surface, and naturally airing to room temperature; heating in the step 2, heating the sample to a specified temperature of 960 ℃ by adopting a resistance furnace to warm charging mode for the Ti60 alloy; homogenizing the heat preservation in step 3, calculating the heat preservation time to be 30min according to the size of the sample, correcting the temperature by a potential difference meter, and controlling the error of the heat preservation temperature range to be +/-3 ℃; then the sample is subjected to step 4Carrying out small deformation, carrying out small deformation on the Ti60 alloy by adopting an isothermal deformation mode, wherein the deformation strain rate range is 10 -3The deformation temperature fluctuation range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃, the deformation amount is 10 percent, and the deformation time is about 1.7 min; and 5, cooling after deformation by adopting a water quenching cooling mode to room temperature, wherein the cooling speed is more than or equal to 5 ℃/min. FIG. 3 shows Ti60 original structure (FIG. 3(a)) heat-treated at 960 deg.C for 20min (FIG. 4(b)), 80min (FIG. 4(c)), and the same temperature at 960 deg.C with strain rate of 10-3(s) a microstructure 10% deformed after 1.7min (FIG. 4(d)), and the same effect as that of the heat-insulating treatment for a long period of time can be obtained by using only the microstructure with a small deformation of 1.7 min.
Claims (7)
1. A small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a microstructure of a titanium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment: polishing the surface of the titanium alloy, and cleaning in hot water with cleaning solution to remove surface impurities and oil stains; heating the titanium alloy to 100-200 ℃, spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the titanium alloy, and naturally drying to room temperature;
step 2, heating the pretreated titanium alloy to a specified temperature: when the size and thickness of the titanium alloy are less than or equal to 150mm, the furnace is charged in a warm state; when the size and thickness of the titanium alloy are more than 150mm, the temperature is increased along with the furnace, the charging temperature is less than or equal to 600 ℃, and the temperature increasing speed is less than or equal to 5 ℃/min;
Step 3, heat preservation: when the titanium alloy reaches the specified temperature, carrying out heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time t is h multiplied by (0.8-1) min/mm, h is the thickness of the titanium alloy, and the error of the heat preservation temperature range is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
step 4, small deformation: on isothermal forging equipment, carrying out small deformation on the titanium alloy subjected to heat preservation in the step 3 in an isothermal deformation mode, wherein the deformation strain rate range is 10-4～10-2The deformation is less than or equal to 15 percent, and the fluctuation range of the isothermal deformation temperature of the titanium alloy is controlled to be +/-10 ℃;
and 5, cooling: and (4) dispersing the titanium alloy after the small deformation in the step (4) until the temperature is cooled to room temperature.
2. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure according to claim 1, wherein: and the cooling mode of the step 5 adopts water quenching, air cooling or air cooling.
3. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure according to claim 2, wherein: the water quenching adopts circulating water.
4. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of a titanium alloy microstructure according to claim 2, wherein: the air cooling adopts a high-power fan.
5. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of the microstructure of a titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: there are multiple heat treatment temperatures to repeat steps 1 through 5.
6. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of the microstructure of a titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the heating of step 1 is performed in a resistance furnace.
7. The small deformation control process for accelerating the transformation of the microstructure of a titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and (3) heating the pretreated titanium alloy in the step (2) by adopting radiation of a resistance furnace.
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| CN114226611A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 北京北方车辆集团有限公司 | Forging forming method of TC4 titanium alloy track shoe for tracked vehicle |
| CN114411261A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-04-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Ni in single crystal high-temperature alloy3Heat treatment method for Al phase base body |
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