CN111849722B - Self-heating type temperature-controllable biogas system - Google Patents

Self-heating type temperature-controllable biogas system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111849722B
CN111849722B CN202010667512.9A CN202010667512A CN111849722B CN 111849722 B CN111849722 B CN 111849722B CN 202010667512 A CN202010667512 A CN 202010667512A CN 111849722 B CN111849722 B CN 111849722B
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biogas
water heater
heat exchanger
air inlet
pipe
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CN111849722A (en
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杨瑞洪
钱琛
左志芳
单丹
仇实
马振雄
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Jiangsu Xinlin Environmental Protection Equipment Co ltd
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Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/24—Recirculation of gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M37/00—Means for sterilizing, maintaining sterile conditions or avoiding chemical or biological contamination
    • C12M37/04—Seals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/20—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes the heat transfer medium being a gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/40—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Abstract

The invention discloses a self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system, which comprises a biogas tank, wherein a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline are respectively connected with the two sides of the biogas tank, a biogas area is formed at the top of the biogas tank, the top of the methane tank is connected with an exhaust pipeline, the outside of the methane tank is provided with a control cabinet, the exhaust pipeline is respectively connected with a water heater and a heat exchanger through an adjustable flow distribution component, the water outlet end of the water heater is connected with the heat exchanger, the adjustable flow distribution component comprises an air inlet and two air outlets, the air inlet is connected with the exhaust pipeline, one of the air outlets is connected with the water heater and used for providing biogas combusted by the water heater, the other air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchanger, the air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the aeration pipeline through the fan, the invention is used for circulating the heated biogas to the biogas tank, and the invention ensures that the reaction temperature in the biogas tank is maintained in a stable range, thereby fully ensuring the gas production efficiency.

Description

Self-heating type temperature-controllable biogas system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a methane tank, in particular to a temperature-controllable methane system.
Background
It is known that biogas is a combustible gas produced by the fermentation of organic substances in an anaerobic environment under certain conditions of temperature, humidity and pH value by microorganisms, and is called biogas because the gas is originally found in swamps, lakes and ponds. The reaction temperature is greatly influenced by the environment, the reaction temperature is changed in different seasons, the fluctuation of the gas production is large, the high gas production in summer is not completely used, and the low gas production in winter is not enough.
At present, in the field of methane fermentation, the most common temperature of medium-temperature fermentation is 30-40 ℃, and the optimal fermentation temperature is 35-40 ℃. The high-temperature fermentation process mostly runs at 50-60 ℃. The reaction rate of high-temperature fermentation is 25-50% higher than that of medium-temperature fermentation, the biogas yield is high, but the reaction rate is more than 50% higher than that of medium-temperature fermentation in the industry, and the design scheme applied to the field of biogas power generation at present needs to require that the biogas digester has stable supply, so that the biogas production environment needs to be continuously and stably operated at 50-60 ℃, but according to the current technology, the biogas digester can be heated only in an external heating mode, but the external heating mode can influence the biogas production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system, which enables the reaction temperature in a biogas tank to be maintained in a stable range, thereby fully ensuring the gas production efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system comprises a biogas digester, wherein a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline are respectively connected to two sides of the biogas digester, a biogas area is formed at the top of the biogas digester, a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline are connected to the top of the biogas digester, a control cabinet is arranged outside the biogas digester, the second exhaust pipeline is respectively connected with a water heater and a heat exchanger through an adjustable flow-dividing assembly, the water outlet end of the water heater is connected with the heat exchanger, hot water of the water heater is used as a heat source of the heat exchanger, the adjustable flow-dividing assembly comprises an air inlet and two air outlets, the air inlet is connected with the second exhaust pipeline, one air outlet is connected with the water heater and used for providing biogas combusted by the water heater, the other air outlet is connected with an air inlet of the heat exchanger, the air outlet of the, used for circulating the heated biogas to the biogas pool.
As a further limitation of the invention, a controller is arranged in the control cabinet, an electromagnetic valve is arranged in the feeding pipeline, the electromagnetic valve is controlled by the controller, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the biogas area is arranged in the biogas digester, the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the signal input end of the electromagnetic valve.
As a further limitation of the invention, the adjustable flow dividing assembly is controlled by a controller and comprises a vent pipe, one side of the vent pipe is connected with an air inlet pipe, the other side of the vent pipe is connected with two air outlet pipes, the air inlet pipe and the two air outlet pipes are communicated through the vent pipe, a rotating shaft is arranged in the vent pipe, valve plates which are obliquely arranged are arranged on the rotating shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are arranged at two ends of the vent pipe through bearing assemblies, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the vent pipe, one end of the rotating shaft extending out of the vent pipe is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a driving motor, the valve plates are driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft to rotate to adjust the size of air vents of the air inlet pipe to the two air.
As a further limitation of the invention, a plurality of downward nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the aeration pipeline in the methane tank in a downward mode.
As a further limitation of the invention, the bottom of the methane tank is connected with a slag discharge pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the biogas circulating heating function by adding the water heater and the heat exchanger, utilizes the heat exchange between the hot water heated by the burner and the biogas, and then recycles the hot water and the biogas back to the reaction tank to maintain the high-efficiency fermentation reaction;
the electromagnetic valve is arranged in the feeding pipeline, so that stable feeding is realized, and efficient air outlet is further ensured;
according to the invention, the methane aeration device is added in the methane tank, the aeration head faces downwards (anti-blocking), so that the high-temperature methane which flows back circularly can heat reaction materials to maintain high-efficiency fermentation, the reaction rate is stable, and the gas production is stable; the backflow of the methane can realize anaerobic stirring of materials, so that the reaction materials are continuously stirred to promote the rapid and stable reaction;
the invention adds a slag discharge pipe: reaction waste liquid is mainly got rid of to the ejection of compact pipeline, and reaction waste residue is difficult to discharge, and the waste residue accumulation is difficult for getting rid of after the live time has been long, increases the scum pipe, can take out the waste residue regularly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an adjustable flow divider assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotating shaft and the valve plate of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a control schematic block diagram of the present invention.
The system comprises a methane tank 1, a feeding pipeline 2, a discharging pipeline 3, a first exhaust pipeline 4, a second exhaust pipeline 5, an adjustable flow dividing assembly 6, a vent pipeline 61, an air inlet pipe 62, an air outlet pipe 63, a rotating shaft 64, a valve plate 65, a driving motor 66, a water heater 7, a heat exchanger 8, a fan 9, an aeration pipeline 10, an electromagnetic valve 11, a pressure sensor 12 and a slag discharge pipe 13.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, a self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system comprises a biogas digester 1, wherein two sides of the biogas digester 1 are respectively connected with a feeding pipeline 2 and a discharging pipeline 3, a biogas area is formed at the top of the biogas digester 1, the top of the biogas digester 1 is connected with a first exhaust pipeline 4 and a second exhaust pipeline 5, a control cabinet is arranged outside the biogas digester 1, the second exhaust pipeline 5 is respectively connected with a water heater 7 and a heat exchanger 8 through an adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6, the water outlet end of the water heater 7 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, hot water of the water heater 7 is used as a heat source of the heat exchanger 8, the adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6 comprises an air inlet and two air outlets, the air inlet is connected with the second exhaust pipeline 5, one of the air outlets is connected with the water heater 7 for providing biogas combusted by the water heater 7, the other air outlet is, the aeration pipeline 10 extends into the methane tank 1 and is used for circulating heated methane into the methane tank 1, a plurality of downward nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the aeration pipeline 10 in the methane tank 1 downward, a slag discharge pipe 13 is connected to the bottom of the methane tank 1, a controller is arranged in the control cabinet, an electromagnetic valve 11 is arranged in the feeding pipeline 2 and is controlled by the controller, a pressure sensor 12 used for detecting the pressure of a methane area is arranged in the methane tank 1, the signal output end of the pressure sensor 12 is connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the signal input end of the electromagnetic valve 11.
Adjustable shunt subassembly 6 is through controller control, it includes breather pipe 61, one side of breather pipe 61 is connected with an intake pipe 62, the opposite side of breather pipe 61 is connected with two outlet ducts 63, intake pipe 62 and two outlet ducts 63 are linked together through breather pipe 61, be provided with pivot 613 in the breather pipe 61, be provided with the valve block 65 of slope arrangement on the pivot 613, the both ends of pivot 613 are installed at the both ends of breather pipe 61 through bearing assembly, and wherein one end stretches out breather pipe 61 and sets up, the one end that stretches out breather pipe 61 is connected with driving motor 66's output shaft transmission, drive valve block 65 through the rotation of pivot 613 and rotate the size of adjusting intake pipe 62 to the blow vent of two outlet ducts 63, thereby adjust the air output of two outlet ducts 63, driving motor 66 is through controller control.
When the device works, raw materials are added into the methane tank 1 through the feeding pipeline 2 to enable the raw materials to react in the methane tank 1, methane generated by the reaction is positioned above the inner part of the methane tank 1, one part of the methane is discharged for use or mobile phone through the first exhaust pipeline 4, the other part of the methane is sent into the adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6 through the second exhaust pipeline 5 and respectively enters the water heater 7 and the heat exchanger 8 under the action of the adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6, the methane entering the water heater 7 is used as fuel to burn and heat water, the heated hot water is used as a heat source of the heat exchanger 8 to heat the methane from the adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6, the heated methane is sent back into the methane tank 1 through the fan 9, and the methane tank 1 is heated through the heated methane, so that efficient fermentation is realized in the methane tank 1.
In the actual use process, the pressure in the methane tank 1 is increased to bring certain potential safety hazard, the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled by the controller so as to control the feeding amount, and when the pressure exceeds a set value, the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to be closed or the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve is controlled to reduce the feeding amount; meanwhile, when the pressure is increased, the temperature of the water heater 7 is increased, so that the temperature of the circulating methane is increased, the ambient temperature in the methane tank 1 is increased, and the reaction in the methane tank 1 is unstable, the adjustable flow-dividing assembly 6 is designed to solve the problems, when the pressure in the methane tank 1 is increased, the controller controls the driving motor 66 to act, the rotating shaft 613 is controlled to rotate, the valve plate 65 is driven to rotate, the opening degree of the air inlet of the gas outlet pipe 63 is adjusted (namely L1 and L2 are adjusted), the air inflow of the water heater 7 is reduced, the air inflow of the heat exchanger 8 is increased, the temperature of the circulating methane is reduced, the temperature in the methane tank 1 is further ensured to be reduced, the feeding is reduced, the gas production is reduced, and the pressure reduction is realized; when the pressure in the methane tank 1 is lower than a set value, the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to be opened through the controller, the materials are continuously fed into the methane tank 1, meanwhile, the air inflow of the water heater 7 is increased, the air inflow of the heat exchanger 8 is reduced, the temperature of the circulating methane is further increased, the gas production rate is increased, and the pressure rise is realized; in the continuous production process, the driving motor 66 can be controlled to continuously run at a low speed according to the actual fluctuation rule, and full-automatic control can be realized by matching with the periodic control electromagnetic valve 11.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system comprises a biogas digester, wherein a feeding pipeline and a discharging pipeline are respectively connected with two sides of the biogas digester, a biogas area is formed at the top of the biogas digester, and the biogas system is characterized in that a first exhaust pipeline and a second exhaust pipeline are connected with the top of the biogas digester, a control cabinet is arranged outside the biogas digester, the second exhaust pipeline is respectively connected with a water heater and a heat exchanger through an adjustable flow-dividing assembly, the water outlet end of the water heater is connected with the heat exchanger, hot water of the water heater is used as a heat source of the heat exchanger, the adjustable flow-dividing assembly comprises an air inlet and two air outlets, the air inlet is connected with the second exhaust pipeline, one air outlet is connected with the water heater and used for providing biogas combusted by the water heater, the other air outlet is connected with an air inlet of the heat exchanger through a, the adjustable distribution assembly is controlled by the controller and comprises a vent pipe, one side of the vent pipe is connected with an air inlet pipe, the other side of the vent pipe is connected with two air outlet pipes, the air inlet pipe and the two air outlet pipes are communicated through the air outlet pipes, a rotating shaft is arranged in the vent pipe, valve plates which are obliquely arranged are arranged on the rotating shaft, two ends of the rotating shaft are mounted at two ends of the vent pipe through bearing assemblies, one end of the rotating shaft extends out of the vent pipe, one end of the extending out of the vent pipe is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a driving motor, the valve plates are driven to rotate through rotation of the rotating shaft to adjust the size of the air inlet pipe to air outlets of the two air outlet pipes, and therefore ventilation of the two air outlet pipes is adjusted.
2. The self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is disposed in a control cabinet, the feeding pipe is provided with a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is controlled by the controller, the biogas digester is provided with a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the biogas digester, the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the signal input end of the solenoid valve.
3. The self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of downward nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the aeration pipe in the biogas pool.
4. The self-heating temperature-controllable biogas system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a slag discharge pipe is connected to the bottom of the biogas digester.
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