CN107828649B - Large-scale full-mixing type anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system and process method thereof - Google Patents
Large-scale full-mixing type anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system and process method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system and a process method thereof, wherein an external heat source is utilized to heat fermentation liquor, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, material circulating pipe orifices are arranged at the same height, the temperatures (or temperature differences) of the temperature sensors can independently and cooperatively control materials with different fermentation tank heights to enter a heat exchanger, and the heated fermentation liquor returns to the fermentation tank to ensure the constant temperature of the materials in the fermentation tank, so that the fermentation efficiency of the fermentation tank and the stability of biogas production are ensured. The invention solves the limitation of the traditional large-scale fermentation tank thermal compensation mode, improves the stability of a fermentation system, is suitable for the comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure in rural areas and farms, comprehensive utilization of straws, comprehensive utilization of urban kitchen and other organic wastes, and the like, has wide application value and remarkable social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process method for preserving heat and keeping temperature of a large-scale full-mixing type biogas anaerobic fermentation tank (CSTR), in particular to a thermal compensation system of the large-scale full-mixing type biogas fermentation tank and a process method thereof.
Background
With the gradual enhancement of environmental protection, people continuously utilize various modes to reduce the damage of industrial and agricultural production to the environment. The utilization of biomass resources is increasingly emphasized, and rapid development is achieved in recent 10 years, so that more than 2 ten thousand large and medium-sized biogas projects are built, wherein the large and medium-sized biogas projects comprise biogas generated by methods of treating livestock and poultry manure, various production methods, domestic sewage treatment, landfill treatment and the like.
Prior to 2007, most of the national investment in biogas was used for household biogas construction. With rural economic and social development and agricultural industry structure adjustment, part of household cultivation modes are gradually transferred to cultivation communities and intensive cultivation enterprises, so that part of household biogas is free of raw materials, and a lot of resources are concentrated to cultivation factories and intensive cultivation enterprises. For the situations, the country starts to support large and medium-sized biogas engineering, the investment proportion of the country investment biogas construction for household biogas is about 50%,20% -30% is used for service system construction, and the rest is used for large and medium-sized biogas engineering. From the change condition of the national investment structure, the large and medium-sized biogas engineering is vigorous in development.
On the other hand, urban household garbage, particularly kitchen garbage, brought by the urban process is more and more in output, and part of household garbage is used for filling and incinerating to generate electricity, but the kitchen garbage which is filled and incinerated in large-scale catering and centralized collection is not much, and most of the kitchen garbage can be subjected to centralized anaerobic fermentation to generate methane.
In the field of industrial wastewater treatment, particularly biochemical wastewater treatment with high organic matter content, along with the increasing environmental protection requirements, the running cost of small-sized biochemical wastewater treatment plants is obviously increased, the progress of a chemical industry park accelerates the centralized discharge treatment of industrial wastewater, and the centralized construction of large and medium-sized biogas engineering is objectively promoted.
The investment analysis and prospect prediction report of the biogas industry in China in 2016-2020, which is issued by the middle consultant, indicates that the potential of the biogas associated with the industry in China is 215 hundred million cubic meters by 2020, which is 2 times of 2001; the potential of agricultural biogas will reach 200 hundred million cubic meters. If the device is fully used for power generation, the power generation amount of the biogas generated by industry and agriculture only exceeds 660 hundred million degrees according to the power generation amount of 1.6 degrees per cubic meter of biogas. In the future, methane cogeneration will have a great development space.
The core of the biogas engineering is anaerobic fermentation, and the anaerobic fermentation process mainly comprises the following steps: plug Flow Reactors (PFR), high concentration plug flow processes (HCF), upflow Solids Reactors (USR), fully mixed anaerobic reactors (CSTR) and Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) in total. Under the condition of high suspended matter content, the most suitable economic benefit and technology are CSTR and USR, and the CSTR is particularly suitable for a combined heat and power fertilizer (CHP) zero emission mode.
From the aspects of comprehensive utilization of energy and environmental protection, the environmental protection of energy tends to be a trend of anaerobic biogas engineering in the fields of livestock and poultry manure, kitchen and organic wastewater treatment in the future, so that a CSTR process is mostly adopted in the newly built large and medium-sized biogas engineering, and the process control conditions of the CSTR biogas fermentation mainly have four controllable process parameters: fermentation broth temperature, pH, nutrients, and toxic and harmful substances. Three different mesophilic anaerobic bacteria (mesophilic 5-20 ℃ and thermophilic 20-42 ℃ and thermophilic 42-75 ℃) are classified into normal temperature anaerobic (15-30 ℃), medium temperature anaerobic (30-45 ℃) and high temperature anaerobic (45-60 ℃) according to engineering. The temperature is particularly important for methane fermentation, and when the temperature is lower than the optimal lower limit temperature, the efficiency is reduced by 11 percent when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃. In the above range, the slight fluctuation of the temperature at 1 to 3 ℃ has no obvious effect on the anaerobic reaction, but the excessive temperature change (rapid change) causes the problems of the reduction of the activity of the fermentation tubes, the accumulation of acid, and the like.
The existing technology adopts steam or hot water circulation mode to heat fermentation liquor in a hydrolysis desanding tank, the fermentation liquor enters a fermentation tank after being heated to a fermentation preset temperature, the ambient temperature of a digester changes along with four seasons or day-night exchange, in order to ensure that the digester can operate in a large scale under the constant temperature condition, the fermentation tank must be insulated, and the volume of the fermentation tank is usually up to 1000m 3 Even thousands of cubes, the heat preservation of the fermenter still cannot guarantee the constant temperature inside the large fermenter, so the constant temperature inside the fermenter must be guaranteed by adopting a mode of thermal compensation for the fermenter, and at present, the heat preservation of the fermenter mainly adopts two modes: the first is that a heating coil is arranged in the fermentation tank to directly perform thermal compensation on fermentation broth, and the other mode is that a heating coil or other heating facilities are arranged between the fermentation tank and the heat preservation layer to perform thermal compensation on the fermentation tank to indirectly preserve heat on the fermentation tank.
The two modes are widely adopted in the construction of large and medium-sized methane which is constructed at present, but all have a plurality of problems.
In the first mode, by adopting a mode of heating by using hot water or other heating media through a coil pipe in a tank, in the heat exchange process, fermentation liquor with high solid content such as livestock manure, kitchen waste and the like can not be deposited on the coil pipe very quickly under the stirring effect, but after long-time use, struvite can be formed on the heating coil pipe, once the struvite is formed, mechanical stirring in the fermentation tank can not be removed, the struvite deposited on the heating coil pipe can seriously influence the heating efficiency, and serious heating can not be caused completely, so that the fermentation tank can not normally run. The heating coil is generally fixed in the fermentation tank, disassembly and cleaning are almost impossible, the heating coil is large in general area, the manual cleaning workload after shutdown is very large, and safety accidents are easy to generate.
The second mode adopts indirect heating mode heat preservation, and hot water coil pipe or resistance wire are to fermentation cylinder heating, play the constant temperature effect, but extensive hot water coil pipe and firing equipment, can bring a great deal of problem for the heat preservation construction of fermentation cylinder, adopt the coil pipe of hot water class heat transfer medium to take place very easily moreover and leak, destroy the heat preservation. The stability of this thermal compensation is not good.
The first type of heat compensation mode introduced in the document CN2586698Y adopts a rotary inner coil to heat, the heat compensation mode is suitable for a small-sized fermentation tank, a large-sized fermentation tank is difficult to disassemble and clean according to the manufacturing of the document, continuous coil heat exchange is adopted in the heat compensation, hot water is continuously circulated to the top of a tank from the bottom of the tank, the heat exchange effect is uncontrollable due to overlong heat exchange pipeline, the upper and lower temperature difference of the large-sized CSTR fermentation tank is large, the continuous gradient heat compensation obviously cannot ensure the constant temperature of the whole tank, and the heat compensation effect cannot be ensured. The document 201046964Y improves the thermal compensation mode of the document CN2586698Y, adopts an externally-added coil mode, and considers the problem of upper and lower temperature difference of a fermentation tank in a large CSTR heating mode, but the problem of the thermal compensation mode by adopting an external coil heating is also numerous, and the problems of influence on the heat preservation of the fermentation tank caused by a large amount of external coils, damage to the heat preservation layer of the fermentation tank caused by local water leakage of the coils and the like are not solved in the document.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-sized fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system and a process method thereof, which aim at the defects of the existing large-sized and medium-sized anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation process, and the system and the method solve the problems of the fermentation tank thermal compensation process in the middle-temperature (30-45 ℃) and high-temperature (45-60 ℃) fermentation process of a large-sized biogas fully-mixed anaerobic fermentation tank (CSTR) and ensure the constant temperature of materials in the fermentation tank, thereby ensuring the gas production stability of the fermentation tank of large-sized and medium-sized anaerobic biogas engineering. The system is used for thermal compensation of the full-mixing anaerobic fermentation tank in medium-temperature and high-temperature anaerobic biogas engineering, and can be used for comprehensive utilization of rural livestock and poultry manure and farmland straws, comprehensive treatment of organic wastes such as urban kitchen wastes, comprehensive utilization of high-concentration organic wastewater and waste solids in the fields of chemical industry, light industry, biochemical industry and the like. The compensation system and the process method adopted by the invention are not only suitable for medium-temperature and high-temperature anaerobic biogas fermentation, but also suitable for large-scale biochemical reactions with the temperature not higher than 80 ℃ and are applied to the field of integral thermal compensation of the reactor
In order to achieve the above purpose, the large-scale fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system provided by the invention comprises a fermentation tank, wherein a plurality of fermentation liquor circulating outlets are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank from top to bottom at intervals, biogas liquor outlets are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank, the biogas liquor outlets are positioned below the lowermost fermentation liquor circulating outlets, overflow ports are arranged on the upper part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank, a side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet is further arranged on the upper part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank, the side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet is positioned below the overflow ports, a plurality of thermometer interfaces are arranged on the lower part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank from top to bottom at intervals, the thermometer interfaces are provided with thermometers, the number and the installation positions of the thermometer interfaces are in one-to-one correspondence with the fermentation liquor circulating outlets, a plurality of thermometer interfaces are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank between the side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet and the manure and the organic matter material inlet, the thermometer interfaces are positioned from top to bottom, the thermometer interfaces are positioned at the same height as the fermentation tank circulating inlet, the fermentation tank circulating inlet and the methane material inlet are respectively connected with a methane tank, and a methane tank level sensor is positioned at the same level as the inlet, and the methane tank level sensor is positioned at the same level as the inlet. The overflow port is connected with the secondary fermentation tank, the biogas slurry outlet is connected with the secondary fermentation tank through a discharge pump, each fermentation liquid circulation outlet is connected with one end of a tube pass of a heat exchanger through a circulation pump, the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger is respectively connected with a side wall fermentation liquid circulation liquid backflow inlet and a fermentation liquid circulation vertical backflow inlet, and two ends of a shell pass of the heat exchanger are respectively connected with a backwater heat removal storage tank and a hot water storage tank;
the heat exchanger in the large CSTR constant temperature heat compensation adopts an external pipe type (pipe plate type or other heat exchangers suitable for hot water/process fermentation broth heat exchange system with certain solid content) to carry out heat compensation, the heat exchange power of the heat exchanger calculates the maximum heat loss of the whole fermentation tank under the highest hour temperature difference of the place where the fermentation tank is located, the most severe environmental temperature difference and the most severe heat preservation environment of the fermentation tank are considered in the calculation process, the maximum unit heat loss of the fermentation tank under the heat preservation of the existing external heat preservation layer is obtained, the heat exchange power of the external heat exchanger is selected as the basis, and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is fully considered.
Further, a circulating pump is arranged between the fermentation liquor circulating outlet and the heat exchanger.
Still further, still be provided with the discharge pump between biogas slurry outlet and the second grade fermentation cylinder.
Still further, the secondary fermentation tank is parallelly connected with biogas slurry temporary storage tank.
Still further, the marsh gas hole is connected with a marsh gas purifying system.
Still further, the number of the fermentation liquor circulation outlets is 3 to 5. The number of the fermentation liquor circulation outlets can be increased or decreased along with the height of the fermentation tank, the height of the fermentation tank is increased by 3-5 m, the corresponding fermentation liquor thermal compensation outlets are increased by 1, and meanwhile, a temperature sensor is arranged at the same height of the material outlet according to the increase.
The upper, middle and lower three fermentation liquor circulation outlets are independently arranged on the wall of the fermentation tank, the pipe orifice of each fermentation liquor circulation outlet is provided with an electromagnetic valve, the corresponding circulation pipeline can be independently controlled to be opened for circulation, and the heat exchanger independently carries out circulation heating on materials at three discharge ports of the fermentation tank; meanwhile, if the whole temperature of the fermentation liquor in the fermentation tank is low, a plurality of pipe orifices can be controlled to be opened simultaneously, the fermentation liquor circulates to the heat exchanger for heat exchange, the heat exchanger simultaneously circularly heats materials at three discharge ports of the fermentation tank, and the whole temperature and the local constant temperature of the fermentation tank are ensured through single-pipeline circulation and multi-pipeline whole circulation, so that the activity of biological bacteria in the fermentation tank is ensured, the stable generation of methane is ensured, and meanwhile, the maximum conversion rate of anaerobic digestion of the fermentation liquor is ensured.
Still further, the number of the thermometer interfaces is 3 to 5; the number of the thermometer interfaces can be increased or decreased along with the height of the fermentation tank, the number of the corresponding thermometer interfaces is increased by 1 when the height of the fermentation tank is increased by 3-5 m, and the thermometer interfaces are provided with thermometers which are temperature sensors and are communicated with a temperature signal central control system.
The type of the temperature sensor is based on the accurate (1-2 ℃) measurement, meanwhile, the temperature transmission and control functions are considered, so that the material temperature of a specific height of the fermentation tank can be guaranteed, the multi-point temperature monitoring is realized, the multi-point independent heating process thought is realized (namely, the signal of each temperature sensor can independently control the opening and closing of a valve, the signals of a plurality of thermometer interfaces can simultaneously control the opening and closing of the corresponding valve), the whole temperature of the fermentation tank is guaranteed to be constant within the set temperature range of the medium-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank or the high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank, and meanwhile, the local temperature of the fermentation tank is guaranteed to be relatively constant.
Still further, be provided with fermentation raw material pipeline electronic control valve assembly on the pipeline between second grade sand sediment homogeneity pond and the dirty and organic matter class material entry of excrement and straw class material entry and the fermentation raw material pipeline electronic control valve assembly are provided with, fermentation raw material pipeline electronic control valve assembly includes by second grade sand sediment homogeneity pond to front valve, control valve and the rear valve that set up on the pipeline of the dirty and organic matter class material entry direction of excrement, fermentation raw material pipeline electronic control valve assembly still includes the bypass valve on the pipeline that constitutes with front valve, control valve and rear valve in parallel setting's control pipeline, control valve and material signal central control system intercommunication.
Still further, be provided with dirty and organic matter class material ooff valve of excrement between dirty and organic matter class material entry and the fermentation raw materials pipeline electronic control valve subassembly, be provided with straw class material ooff valve between straw class material entry and the fermentation raw materials pipeline electronic control valve subassembly.
Still further, fermentation liquor circulation pipeline outlet valves and fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valves (the number of the fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valves and the number of the fermentation liquor circulation outlets are determined, and the fermentation liquor circulation pipelines and the fermentation liquor circulation outlets can be independently or simultaneously opened) are arranged on pipelines between the fermentation liquor circulation outlets and the circulation pump; the fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve is communicated with the circulation liquor signal central control system, the circulation liquor signal central control system receives signals from the temperature signal central control system, and after the signals are processed by the central control system, the circulation liquor signal central control system controls the on-off of the fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve and the on-off of the circulation pump.
The invention also provides a process method of the large-scale full-mixing anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system, which comprises the following steps:
1) The manure and organic matters in the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank enter the fermentation tank through the manure and organic matters inlet, or the straw matters in the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank enter the fermentation tank through the straw matters inlet;
2) Continuously fermenting the materials in a fermentation tank to obtain biogas slurry, and conveying the biogas slurry to a secondary fermentation tank or a biogas slurry temporary storage tank through a biogas slurry outlet; the overflow liquid overflowed from the overflow port at the upper part of the fermentation tank enters a secondary fermentation tank or a biogas slurry temporary storage tank, and biogas generated in the fermentation process of the fermentation tank enters a biogas purification system through biogas holes;
3) In the continuous fermentation process, when the liquid level of the fermentation tank is observed to be too high through the observation hole, the material signal central control system controls the control valve to be closed, and when the liquid level of the fermentation tank is too low, the fermentation tank liquid level display control sensor controls the discharge pump to be closed;
4) In the continuous fermentation process, if a thermometer on any one or a plurality of thermometer interfaces on the fermentation tank checks that the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area is lower than the temperature of the set fermentation temperature lower limit value, transmitting a temperature signal to a temperature signal central control system, transmitting a control signal to a circulating liquid signal central control system by the temperature signal central control system, controlling a control valve of a fermentation liquid circulating pipeline corresponding to the same height to be opened by the circulating liquid signal central control system, and simultaneously, starting a circulating pump by the circulating liquid signal central control system; the fermentation liquor circulating liquid enters a tube pass of the heat exchanger through the circulating pump, hot water from the hot water storage tank enters a shell pass of the heat exchanger, the fermentation liquor circulating liquid and the hot water are subjected to cold-heat conversion, the water after heat exchange enters a backwater heat removal storage tank from the other end of the shell pass of the heat exchanger, the fermentation liquor circulating liquid after heat exchange is discharged from the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger and flows back into the fermentation tank through a side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet or a fermentation liquor circulating vertical reflux inlet;
for the materials exchanged by the heat exchanger, the materials return to the fermentation tank through the side wall fermentation liquid circulating reflux inlet or the fermentation liquid circulating vertical reflux inlet, the inventor considers that the advantage of taking part in the circulation by using the side wall fermentation liquid circulating reflux inlet is that the circulating materials are in closed circulation, the static pressure energy can be saved in the circulation process, the starting power of the circulating pump power in the circulation process is reduced, when the fermentation liquid circulating vertical reflux inlet takes part in the circulation, the advantage is that the liquid level on the upper layer of the fermentation liquid can be scoured, and the light fermentation materials are prevented from floating to the top to a certain extent while being circularly heated; the fermentation liquor circulation reflux inlet on the side wall and the fermentation liquor circulation vertical reflux inlet are alternatively arranged;
5) In the continuous fermentation process, if the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area is checked by the thermometer on any one or a plurality of thermometer interfaces on the fermentation tank to return to the lower limit value of the fermentation temperature, a temperature signal is transmitted to a temperature signal central control system, the temperature signal central control system transmits a control signal to a circulating liquid signal central control system, the circulating liquid signal central control system controls a control valve of a fermentation liquid circulating pipeline corresponding to the same height to be closed, meanwhile, the circulating liquid signal central control system closes a circulating pump, a hot water outlet valve of a hot water storage tank is closed, and the heat exchanger stops working;
6) In the continuous fermentation process, the temperature of different heights in the fermentation tank is monitored through a thermometer on a thermometer interface, and the operations of the steps 4) to 5) are repeated, so that the whole constant temperature of the fermentation tank is ensured, and the stability of a fermentation system is ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention solves the problem that fermentation liquor is deposited on the heat exchange coil in the heating process of the built-in heating coil, solves the problem that the heat preservation layer is influenced by the hot water circulation leakage of the external heating coil and the heating coil, solves the problem of constant temperature thermal compensation of the large-scale fermentation tank, and improves the problem of overlarge temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the large-scale CSTR fermentation tank in a multi-point temperature control and multi-point circulation mode.
2) The heat exchange heat source is the cylinder water of the generator set, the circulating water of the generator set can be used for raw material pretreatment on one hand, and on the other hand, the process requirement of the invention is met, the forced circulation heat exchange mode of the external heat exchanger is adopted, the relatively constant return water temperature of the cylinder water can be ensured, the generator can be ensured to normally operate on the premise that an external cylinder water cooling heat exchange device or additional water is not needed, and the heat comprehensive utilization and the cylinder water circulation stability of the generator set are also better than the traditional mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a thermal compensation system of a large fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter;
FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the fermenter;
in the drawing the view of the figure, the fermentation tank 1, a fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1, an upper fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1a, a middle fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1b, a lower fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1c, a biogas liquor outlet 1.2, an overflow port 1.3, a side wall fermentation liquor circulation reflux inlet 1.4, a fecal sewage and organic matter material inlet 1.5, a thermometer interface 1.6, an upper thermometer interface 1.6a, a middle thermometer interface 1.6b, a lower thermometer interface 1.6c, a fermentation liquor circulation vertical reflux inlet 1.7, a biogas hole 1.8, a straw material inlet 1.9, a fermentation tank liquid level display control sensor 1.10, a secondary sediment homogenizing tank 2, a fecal sewage and organic matter material switch valve 2.1, a straw material switch valve 2.2, a secondary fermentation tank 3, a heat exchanger 4, a backwater heat removal storage tank 5, a hot water storage tank 6, a circulation pump 7, a discharge pump 8, a biogas liquor temporary storage tank 9, a biogas purification system 10, a temperature signal medium control system 11, a fermentation medium control system 12.12.12, a front fermentation liquor control system 12.12, a back fermentation liquor control system 12, a control signal medium control system 12, a front fermentation liquor control system 12.12, a control system 12, a fermentation liquor circulation control system 12, a control signal medium control signal control system 12, a control signal circulation system 12, a heat.
Detailed Description
For a better explanation of the present invention, the main content of the present invention is further elucidated below in conjunction with the specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following examples only.
Example 1
The large-scale full-mixing anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system shown in fig. 1 comprises a full volume 3800m 3 The carbon steel welding fermentation tank 1 adopts a medium-temperature CSRY process, a top-loading stirring motor speed reducer is used, a three-layer paddle stirrer is adopted, the diameter of the fermentation tank 1 is about 17m, and the height (with a stirrer cone part) is about 19.5m;
the upper fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1a, the middle fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1b and the lower fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1c are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 from top to bottom at intervals, the biogas slurry outlet 1.2 is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 of the lower fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1c, the overflow port 1.3 is arranged on the upper part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1, the side wall fermentation liquor circulation reflux inlet 1.4 is also arranged on the upper part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1, the side wall fermentation liquor circulation reflux inlet 1.4 is positioned below the overflow port 1.3, and the excrement and organic matter material inlet 1.5 is also arranged on the lower part of the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1;
an upper thermometer interface 1.6a, a middle thermometer interface 1.6b and a lower thermometer interface 1.6c are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1 between the side wall fermentation liquid circulation reflux inlet 1.4 and the fecal sewage and organic matter material inlet 1.5 from top to bottom, and the arrangement position of the thermometer interfaces 1.6 is at the same height as the corresponding fermentation liquid circulation outlet 1.1; a temperature sensor is arranged on each thermometer interface 1.6,
the top of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a fermentation liquid circulation vertical reflux inlet 1.7, a biogas hole 1.8, a straw material inlet 1.9 and a fermentation tank liquid level display control sensor 1.10, wherein the biogas hole 1.8 is connected with a biogas purification system 10;
the sewage and organic matter material inlet 1.5 and the straw material inlet 1.9 are respectively connected with the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank 2, the overflow port 1.3 is connected with the secondary fermentation tank 3, the biogas slurry outlet 1.2 is connected with the secondary fermentation tank 3 through the discharging pump 8, each fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1 is connected with one end of a tube pass of the heat exchanger 4 through the circulation pump 7, the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger 4 is respectively connected with the side wall fermentation liquor circulation liquor backflow inlet 1.4 and the fermentation liquor circulation vertical backflow inlet 1.7, and two ends of a shell pass of the heat exchanger 4 are respectively connected with the backwater heat removal storage tank 5 and the hot water storage tank 6. A discharge pump 8 is also arranged between the biogas slurry outlet 1.2 and the secondary fermentation tank 3. The secondary fermentation tank 3 is connected in parallel with a biogas slurry temporary storage tank 9.
The fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly 12 is arranged on a pipeline between the two-stage sand settling homogenizing pool 2 and the excrement and organic matter material inlet 1.5 and the straw material inlet 1.8, the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly 12 comprises a front valve 12.1, a control valve 12.2 and a rear valve 12.3 which are arranged on the pipeline from the two-stage sand settling homogenizing pool 2 to the excrement and organic matter material inlet 1.5, the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly 12 further comprises a bypass valve 12.4 which is arranged on the pipeline in parallel with a control pipeline formed by the front valve 12.1, the control valve 12.2 and the rear valve 12.3, and the control valve 12.2 is communicated with the material signal central control system 13.
A fecal sewage and organic matter switching valve 2.1 is arranged between the fecal sewage and organic matter material inlet 1.5 and the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve component 12, and a straw material switching valve 2.2 is arranged between the straw material inlet 1.8 and the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve component 12.
Fermentation liquor circulation pipeline outlet valves 14 and fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valves 15 (namely an upper fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve 15a, a middle fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve 15b and a lower fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve 15 c) are arranged on pipelines between the upper fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1a, the middle fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1b and the lower fermentation liquor circulation outlet 1.1c and the circulation pump 7; the fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve 15 is communicated with the circulation liquor signal central control system 16.
The invention also provides a process method of the large-scale full-mixing anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system, which comprises the following steps:
1) The fecal sewage and organic matters in the secondary sand sediment homogenizing pool 2 enter the fermentation tank 1 through the fecal sewage and organic matters inlet 1.5;
2) Continuously fermenting the materials in a fermentation tank 1, and conveying biogas slurry obtained by fermentation to a secondary fermentation tank 3 and a biogas slurry temporary storage tank 9 through a biogas slurry outlet 1.2; overflow liquid overflowed from the upper part of the fermentation tank through an overflow port 1.3 enters a secondary fermentation tank 2 or a biogas slurry temporary storage tank 9, and biogas generated in the fermentation process of the fermentation tank enters a biogas purification system 10 through biogas holes 1.8;
3) In the continuous fermentation process, when the liquid level of the fermentation tank is observed to be too high through the observation hole, the material signal central control system 13 controls the control valve 12.2 to be closed, and the fermentation tank liquid level display control sensor 1.10 controls the control pump 8 to be closed;
4) In the continuous fermentation process, when any one of the upper thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6a, the middle thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6b and the lower thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6c detects that the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area is lower than 35 ℃, or when the whole temperature of the fermentation tank is lower than 35 ℃, a temperature signal is transmitted to the temperature signal central control system 11, the temperature signal central control system 11 transmits a control signal to the circulating liquid signal central control system 16, the circulating liquid signal central control system 16 controls the fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valves 15 (namely, the upper fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15a, the middle fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15b and the lower fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15 c) corresponding to the same height to be opened or all the fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valves 15 are opened, and meanwhile, the circulating liquid signal central control system 16 opens the circulating pump 7; the fermentation liquor circulating liquid enters the tube pass of the heat exchanger 4 through the circulating pump 7, meanwhile, hot water from the hot water storage tank 6 (hot water in the hot water storage tank 6 is from the water in the generator cylinder or other public engineering hot water) enters the shell pass of the heat exchanger 4, the fermentation liquor circulating liquid and the hot water are subjected to cold-heat conversion, the water after heat exchange enters the backwater heat removal storage tank 5 from the other end of the shell pass of the heat exchanger 4, the fermentation liquor circulating liquid after heat exchange is discharged from the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger 4 and flows back into the fermentation tank 1 through the side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet 1.4 or the fermentation liquor circulating vertical reflux inlet 1.7;
5) In the continuous fermentation process, when any one of the upper thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6a, the middle thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6b and the lower thermometer interface temperature sensor 1.6c detects that the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area of the temperature sensor returns to 35 ℃, or when the whole temperature of the fermentation tank returns to 35 ℃, a temperature signal is transmitted to the temperature signal central control system 11, the temperature signal central control system 11 transmits a control signal to the circulating liquid signal central control system 16, the circulating liquid signal central control system 16 controls the fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valves 15 (namely, the upper fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15a, the middle fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15b and the lower fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve 15 c) corresponding to the same height to be closed or, simultaneously, the hot water outlet valve of the hot water storage tank 6 is closed, the heat exchanger 4 stops working,
6) In the continuous fermentation process, the temperature sensors on the thermometer interfaces 1.6 are used for monitoring the temperatures of different heights in the fermentation tank, and the operations of the steps 4) to 5) are repeated, so that the whole constant temperature of the fermentation tank is ensured, and the stability of a fermentation system is ensured.
In the working process, the control valve 12.2 is an electric or pneumatic control valve which is easy to damage or abnormal in operation, once the damage of the control valve 12.2 is found, the front valve 12.1 and the rear valve 12.3 are closed, and the bypass valve 12.4 is opened to ensure the stability of the fermentation system;
example 2
The present embodiment is basically the same in structure as embodiment 1, except that:
the whole volume of the fermentation tank 1 is 2400m 3 In the environment with the average winter temperature of 5 ℃ as the standard, the heat compensation amount of the whole tank is about 10-12 kW after heat preservation.
Straw materials are filled in the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank 2 of the system, and are fermented in the fermentation tank 1 through the straw material inlet 1.9.
In the actual working process, the material circulation pipeline adopts a pipeline with good heat insulation effect and equipment heat insulation material, the pipeline valve adopts an electromagnetic valve with flow control, the circulation pump of the circulation pipeline adopts a centrifugal pump controlled by a variable frequency motor or other forms of pumps, and in order to ensure stable process, the circulation pump adopts a one-standby mode to ensure the fluid circulation of the circulation pipeline.
The heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, hot water passes through a shell pass, fermentation liquor passes through a tube pass, the heat exchanger is convenient to clean, the hot water of the heat exchanger is derived from public engineering hot water or other heat media in tank water of a biogas generator or other projects without biogas power generation, and heat loss of the fermentation tank in the most severe environment and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger are fully considered.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A large-scale full-mixing type anaerobic biogas fermentation tank thermal compensation system is characterized in that: the system comprises a fermentation tank (1), a plurality of fermentation liquor circulating outlets (1.1) are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1) from top to bottom at intervals, biogas slurry outlets (1.2) are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1), the biogas slurry outlets (1.2) are arranged below the lowermost fermentation liquor circulating outlets (1.1), overflow ports (1.3) are arranged on the upper portion of the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1), side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlets (1.4) are further arranged on the upper portion of the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1), side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlets (1.4) are arranged below the overflow ports (1.3), manure and organic matter material inlets (1.5) are further arranged on the lower portion of the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1), a plurality of thermometer interfaces (1.6) are arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1) from top to bottom at intervals, a thermometer is arranged on the outer wall of the fermentation tank (1.6), the number of thermometer interfaces (1.6) and the number of the thermometer interfaces and the installation positions of the thermometer interfaces and the fermentation liquor circulating outlets (1.6) are in one-to-one mode, the manure circulating inlets (1.7) are respectively connected with the fermentation tank (1.1.1) and the methane circulating inlets (1.8), the manure circulating inlets (1.1.5) are respectively connected with the manure circulating inlets (1.1.9), the overflow port (1.3) is connected with the secondary fermentation tank (3), the biogas slurry outlet (1.2) is connected with the secondary fermentation tank (3) through a discharge pump (8), each fermentation liquid circulation outlet (1.1) is connected with one end of a tube pass of the heat exchanger (4) through a circulation pump (7), the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger (4) is respectively connected with a side wall fermentation liquid circulation backflow inlet (1.4) and a fermentation liquid circulation vertical backflow inlet (1.7), and two shell pass ends of the heat exchanger (4) are respectively connected with a backwater heat removal storage tank (5) and a hot water storage tank (6); the secondary fermentation tank (3) is connected in parallel with a biogas slurry temporary storage tank (9); the biogas holes (1.8) are connected with a biogas purification system (10);
the utility model provides a fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly (12) is provided with on the pipeline between second grade sand sediment homogeneity pond (2) and dirty and organic matter class material entry (1.5) and straw class material entry (1.9), fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly (12) are including leading valve (12.1), control valve (12.2) and the rear valve (12.3) that set up on the pipeline from second grade sand sediment homogeneity pond (2) to dirty and organic matter class material entry (1.5) direction, fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly (12) still include with leading valve (12.1), control valve (12.2) and rear valve (12.3) constitute control pipeline on bypass valve (12.4) on parallelly connected pipeline that sets up, control valve (12.2) and material signal center control system (13) intercommunication.
2. The large total mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter thermal compensation system according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the fermentation liquor circulation outlets (1.1) is 3-5.
3. The large total mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter thermal compensation system according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the thermometer interfaces (1.6) is 3-5, the thermometer is a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is communicated with a temperature signal central control system (11).
4. The large total mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter thermal compensation system according to claim 1, wherein: the straw-type waste fermentation device is characterized in that a waste and organic matter-type waste switching valve (2.1) is arranged between the waste and organic matter-type waste inlet (1.5) and the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly (12), and a straw-type waste switching valve (2.2) is arranged between the straw-type waste inlet (1.9) and the fermentation raw material pipeline electric control valve assembly (12).
5. A large fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter thermal compensation system according to claim 3, wherein: a fermentation liquor circulating pipeline outlet valve (14) and a fermentation liquor circulating pipeline control valve (15) are arranged on the pipeline between the fermentation liquor circulating outlet (1.1) and the circulating pump (7); the fermentation liquor circulation pipeline control valve (15) is communicated with the circulation liquor signal central control system (16).
6. A process for thermal compensation by a thermal compensation system of a large fully-mixed anaerobic biogas fermenter according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) The manure and organic matters in the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank (2) enter the fermentation tank (1) through a manure and organic matters inlet (1.5), or the straw matters in the secondary sand sedimentation homogenizing tank (2) enter the fermentation tank (1) through a straw matters inlet (1.9);
2) The materials are continuously fermented in a fermentation tank (1), and biogas slurry obtained by fermentation is conveyed to a secondary fermentation tank (3) or a biogas slurry temporary storage tank (9) through a biogas slurry outlet (1.2); overflow liquid overflowed from the upper part of the fermentation tank through an overflow port (1.3) enters a secondary fermentation tank (3) or a biogas slurry temporary storage tank (9), and biogas generated in the fermentation process of the fermentation tank enters a biogas purification system (10) through biogas holes (1.8);
3) In the continuous fermentation process, when the liquid level of the fermentation tank is observed to be too high through the observation hole, the material signal central control system (13) controls the control valve (12.2) to be closed, and when the liquid level of the fermentation tank is too low, the fermentation tank liquid level display control sensor (1.10) controls the discharge pump (8) to be closed;
4) In the continuous fermentation process, if a thermometer on any one or a plurality of thermometer interfaces (1.6) on the fermentation tank checks that the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area is lower than 2 ℃ of a set fermentation temperature lower limit value, a temperature signal is transmitted to a temperature signal central control system (11), the temperature signal central control system (11) transmits a control signal to a circulating liquid signal central control system (16), the circulating liquid signal central control system (16) controls a fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve (15) corresponding to the same height to be opened, and meanwhile, the circulating liquid signal central control system (16) starts a circulating pump (7); the fermentation liquor circulating liquid enters a tube pass of a heat exchanger (4) through a circulating pump (7), hot water from a hot water storage tank (6) enters a shell pass of the heat exchanger (4) at the same time, the fermentation liquor circulating liquid and the hot water are subjected to cold-heat conversion, water after heat exchange enters a backwater heat removal storage tank (5) from the other end of the shell pass of the heat exchanger (4), and the fermentation liquor circulating liquid after heat exchange is discharged from the other end of the tube pass of the heat exchanger (4) and flows back into a fermentation tank (1) through a side wall fermentation liquor circulating reflux inlet (1.4) or a fermentation liquor circulating vertical reflux inlet (1.7);
5) In the continuous fermentation process, if a thermometer on any one or a plurality of thermometer interfaces (1.6) on the fermentation tank detects that the temperature value of the fermentation tank in the area returns to the lower limit value of the fermentation temperature, a temperature signal is transmitted to a temperature signal central control system (11), the temperature signal central control system (11) transmits a control signal to a circulating liquid signal central control system (16), the circulating liquid signal central control system (16) controls a fermentation liquid circulating pipeline control valve (15) corresponding to the same height to be closed, meanwhile, the circulating liquid signal central control system (16) closes a circulating pump (7), a hot water outlet valve of a hot water storage tank (6) is closed, and the heat exchanger (4) stops working;
6) In the continuous fermentation process, the temperature of different heights in the fermentation tank is monitored through a thermometer on a thermometer interface (1.6), and the operations of the steps 4) to 5) are repeated, so that the whole constant temperature of the fermentation tank is ensured, and the stability of a fermentation system is ensured.
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| CN110373315A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-25 | 乐山勤力农业开发有限公司 | A kind of charging heating means of marsh gas fermentation |
| CN110656028A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-01-07 | 河南恒天久大实业有限公司 | Dry anaerobic fermentation gas-liquid stirring device |
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