CN111848183B - Preparation method of ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion and product thereof - Google Patents

Preparation method of ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion and product thereof Download PDF

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CN111848183B
CN111848183B CN202010788090.0A CN202010788090A CN111848183B CN 111848183 B CN111848183 B CN 111848183B CN 202010788090 A CN202010788090 A CN 202010788090A CN 111848183 B CN111848183 B CN 111848183B
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thermal expansion
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ceramic powder
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CN111848183A (en
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何汝杰
张可强
方岱宁
张路
张学勤
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion and a product thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preparing ceramic slurry, preparing a functional gradient transition layer and carrying out photocuring 3D printing. The invention takes two ceramic materials with high temperature resistance and positive thermal expansion coefficient as raw materials, designs a multi-ceramic structure with adjustable thermal expansion, and realizes the supernormal design of negative expansion, zero expansion and large-amplitude positive expansion in the height direction of ceramic material components of a two-dimensional isosceles triangular structure and a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure; the ceramic material 3D printing technology is used for preparing a multi-ceramic structure, and the functional gradient transition layer is applied to release thermal mismatch stress so as to solve the problem of thermal mismatch among multi-phase ceramics. The ceramic material member prepared by the invention has the characteristic of adjustable thermal expansion and can be used under the high-temperature condition.

Description

Preparation method of ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion and product thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing and forming, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion and a product thereof.
Background
Thermal expansion is an important inherent physical behavior of solid materials at ambient temperature. In most cases, almost all natural solids, including metals, polymers and ceramics, exhibit positive thermal expansion behavior. However, with the rapid development of advanced technology industries such as aerospace, nuclear power, and high-temperature precision equipment, higher demands are made on the shape accuracy of materials or structures under wide-span temperature changes. The rapid development of these applications has driven the need for components that have stability and reliability against thermal expansion failure. Therefore, in order to meet this requirement, there is a need to develop materials and components thereof that have adjustable thermal expansion and are capable of being used under high temperature conditions, including positive thermal expansion, zero thermal expansion and even negative thermal expansion. However, natural materials with adjustable thermal expansion are rare and even few materials with low expansion found do not achieve zero thermal expansion and negative thermal expansion. Furthermore, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material is fixed and cannot be adjusted, which greatly limits its application in the engineering field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a thermal expansion adjustable ceramic material member and a product thereof, so as to solve the above problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
One of the technical schemes of the invention is a preparation method of a ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a, preparing ceramic slurry: mixing ceramic powder A, a dispersing agent, photosensitive resin, a photoinitiator and a sintering aid in proportion, wherein the volume content of the ceramic powder A is 50-60 vol.%, the volume content of the photosensitive resin is 40-50 vol.%, and the sum of the volume contents of the ceramic powder A and the photosensitive resin is 100 vol.%; adding 1-3 wt% of dispersant, 1.0-2.0 wt% of photoinitiator and 3-5 wt% of sintering aid into ceramic powder A, and ball milling to obtain ceramic slurry A;
(2) b, preparing ceramic slurry: mixing ceramic powder B, a dispersing agent, photosensitive resin, a photoinitiator and a sintering aid in proportion, wherein the volume content of the ceramic powder B is 45-55 vol.%, the volume content of the photosensitive resin is 45-55 vol.%, and the sum of the volume contents of the ceramic powder B and the photosensitive resin is 100 vol.%; adding 1-3 wt% of dispersant, 1.0-2.0 wt% of photoinitiator and 3-5 wt% of sintering aid into B ceramic powder, and ball milling to obtain B ceramic slurry;
(3) preparing a functional gradient transition layer: sequentially mixing the ceramic slurry A and the ceramic slurry B according to a gradient proportion to obtain a functional gradient transition layer;
(4) photocuring 3D printing: printing the bottom edge according to the designed structure by using a photocuring 3D printing technology, then printing the functional gradient transition layer, printing the bevel edge, and drying, degreasing and sintering the printed structure;
the structure in the step (4) is a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure or a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure.
Further, the ceramic powder A and the ceramic powder B in the steps (1) and (2) are respectively selected from any one of alumina, zirconia, silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, and the ceramic powder A and the ceramic powder B are different from each other.
Further, the dispersant in the step (1) and the step (2) is KOS110, and the photosensitive resin is HDDP and TMPTA in a volume ratio of 4: 1, the photoinitiator is TPO, and the sintering aid is one or more of titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide.
Further, the ball milling time in the step (1) and the step (2) is 10-14h, the grease discharging temperature in the step (4) is 500-.
Further, in the functionally graded transition layer in the step (3), a and B are mixed according to 3 to 5 gradient ratios, wherein in each gradient ratio, the volume content of a and B is 10 to 90 vol.%, and the total volume content of a and B is 100 vol.%.
Further, in the step (4), the bottom edge is A, and the oblique edge is B; or the bottom edge is B and the oblique edge is A.
Further, in the step (4), when the functional gradient transition layer is printed, each gradient is printed according to 0.3-0.5mm in sequence.
Further, in the step (4), the photocuring 3D printing and forming technology is one of a stereolithography technology and a digital light processing and forming technology.
In the second technical scheme of the invention, when the ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion prepared by the preparation method is in a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the component satisfies formula (1):
Figure BDA0002622760120000031
in the formula (1), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequIs the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the member in the height direction, and beta is a half vertex angle;
when the member is a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the member satisfies the formula (2):
Figure BDA0002622760120000032
in the formula (2), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequThe equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the component is shown, and theta is the included angle between the bottom edge of the component and the bevel edge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, the thermal expansion of the ceramic material component in the height direction can be regulated and controlled purposefully by adjusting the thermal deformation difference between the material at the bottom edge of the ceramic material component and the material at the bevel edge, when the component is in a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure, the supernormal design of negative expansion, zero expansion and large-amplitude positive expansion in the height direction of the two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure can be realized by adjusting the size of a half vertex angle and the materials at the bottom edge and the bevel edge, and the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction meets the formula (1):
Figure BDA0002622760120000033
in the formula (1), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequIs the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the member in the height direction, and beta is a half vertex angle;
for example: the bottom edge of the two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure is made of zirconium oxide, the bevel edge is made of aluminum oxide, the half vertex angle is 0-90 degrees, and the implementation range of-infinity to 8.20 multiplied by 10 is realized-6The adjusting range of/DEG C, or the bottom edge material is aluminum oxide, the bevel edge material is zirconium oxide, the half vertex angle is 0-90 DEG, 12.1 multiplied by 10 can be realized-6The adjusting range of +/-DEG C to +/-infinity;
when the component is a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure, the extraordinary design of negative expansion, zero expansion and positive expansion in the height direction of the three-dimensional rectangular pyramid structure can be realized by adjusting the size of the included angle between the bottom edge and the bevel edge and the materials of the bottom edge and the bevel edge, and the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction meets the formula (2)
Figure BDA0002622760120000034
In the formula (2), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequThe equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the height direction of the component is shown, and theta is an included angle between the bottom edge of the component and the bevel edge;
for example: the bottom edge of the three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure is made of zirconia, the bevel edge is made of alumina, the included angle is 0-90 degrees, and the achievable adjusting range is 1.0 multiplied by 10-6The temperature is between +/-DEG C and +/-infinity, or the bottom edge material is aluminum oxide, the bevel edge material is zirconium oxide, the included angle is 0 to 90 DEG, and the infinity to 1.0 multiplied by 10 can be realized-6Adjustment range of/° c.
(2) According to the invention, two high-temperature-resistant ceramic materials with positive thermal expansion coefficients are used as raw materials, a multi-ceramic structure with adjustable thermal expansion is designed, the multi-ceramic structure is prepared by using a ceramic material 3D printing technology, and a functional gradient ceramic layer is applied to release thermal mismatch stress so as to solve the problem of thermal mismatch between multi-phase ceramics. The thermal expansion behavior of the prepared ceramic material component is characterized and analyzed by a thermal expansion testing system, and the ceramic material component prepared by the invention has the adjustable thermal expansion characteristic and can be used under the high-temperature condition.
(3) The preparation method of the ceramic slurry is simple and easy to operate, and the high-precision molding of various complex structures can be realized by adopting a photocuring 3D printing molding technology, such as a stereolithography molding technology (SLA) and a digital light processing molding technology (DLP).
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic thermal expansion diagram of a two-dimensional isosceles triangular ceramic component of the present invention, wherein L1、L2And h respectively represent the dimensions of the base, the bevel and the height at room temperature, dL1、dL2And dh is the size of the change at high temperature, -, 0 and + denote negative, zero and positive expansion, respectively;
FIG. 2 is a schematic thermal expansion diagram of a ceramic material member of a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure according to the present invention, wherein1、l2And H respectively represent the size of the bottom edge, the bevel edge and the height of the regular rectangular pyramid at normal temperature, du1、dv1And dw1Respectively, the size of the base of the regular rectangular pyramid, du, which changes at high temperature2、dv2And dw2The sizes of the bevel edges of the regular rectangular pyramids which change at high temperature are respectively set;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between a design value of an equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in a height direction and a half apex angle of a ceramic material member in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a test of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of a ceramic material member prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of the measurement of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the ceramic material member prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the following embodiments, formula (1) is a design formula of equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of a ceramic material member having a two-dimensional isosceles triangular structure:
Figure BDA0002622760120000051
in the formula (1), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequIs the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the member in the height direction, and beta is a half vertex angle;
formula (2) is a design formula of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the ceramic material member of the three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure:
Figure BDA0002622760120000061
in the formula (2), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequThe equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the component is shown, and theta is the included angle between the bottom edge of the component and the bevel edge.
In the following examples, the photosensitive resin was HDDP to TMPTA in a volume ratio of 4: 1 mixing the resulting mixture.
The description will not be repeated below.
Example 1
(1) The zirconium oxide is used as the bottom edge, the aluminum oxide is used as the bevel edge to design a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure ceramic material component, and then alpha in the formula (1)b＝12.78×10-6/℃，αh＝8.2×10-6The relationship between the half apex angle and the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction can be obtained according to the formula (1)/° c, as shown in fig. 3. Selecting the design value of 0 × 10-6v./deg.C, half apex angle was 53.69 deg..
(2) Preparing 100mL of alumina slurry, wherein the volume content of alumina ceramic powder is 55 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 45 vol.%, the addition amount of polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, the addition amount of photoinitiator TPO is 1 wt.% of the dosage of photosensitive resin, the dosage of sintering aid titanium dioxide is 3 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, the dosage of magnesium oxide is 1 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, and the alumina slurry can be obtained after ball milling for 12h and is marked as A.
(3) Preparing 100mL of zirconia slurry, wherein the volume content of zirconia ceramic powder is 50 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 50 vol.%, the addition amount of a polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the use amount of the zirconia ceramic powder, the addition amount of a photoinitiator TPO is 1 wt.% of the use amount of the photosensitive resin, and the addition amount of a sintering aid magnesium oxide is 4 wt.% of the use amount of the zirconia ceramic powder, and performing ball milling for 12h to obtain the zirconia slurry, which is marked as B.
(4) Preparing a functional gradient transition layer: respectively sequentially mixing 10mL of A and 10mL of B according to a volume ratio of 25: 75. 50: 50. 75: 3 gradient ratios of 25, denoted 25a 75B; 50A 50B; 75A 25B.
(5) B is used to print the bottom edge, and then the functionally gradient transition layer 25a 75B; 50A 50B; 75A25B, printing according to 0.4mm of each component in sequence, printing the bevel edge by using A, drying the printed structure, and then degreasing at 600 ℃ for 2h and sintering at 1600 ℃ for 2 h.
The ceramic material member obtained by the method is tested for equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction by adopting a non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology, and the test result shows that the equivalent thermal expansion value is 0.7 multiplied by 10-6The results are shown in FIG. 4.
Example 2
(1) A two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure ceramic material component is designed by taking zirconia as a bottom edge and alumina as an inclined edge, and is shown in figure 3. The design value was selected to be-16.03X 10-6v./deg.C, the half apex angle was 66.5 deg.
(2) Preparing 100mL of alumina slurry, wherein the volume content of alumina ceramic powder is 55 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 45 vol.%, the addition amount of polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, the addition amount of photoinitiator TPO is 2 wt.% of the dosage of photosensitive resin, the dosage of sintering aid titanium dioxide is 3 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, the dosage of magnesium oxide is 1 wt.% of the dosage of alumina ceramic powder, and the alumina slurry can be obtained after ball milling for 14h and is marked as A.
(3) Preparing 100mL of zirconia slurry, wherein the volume content of zirconia ceramic powder is 50 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 50 vol.%, the addition amount of a polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the use amount of the zirconia ceramic powder, the addition amount of a photoinitiator TPO is 2 wt.% of the use amount of the photosensitive resin, and the addition amount of a sintering aid magnesium oxide is 4 wt.% of the use amount of the zirconia ceramic powder, and performing ball milling for 10 hours to obtain the zirconia slurry, which is marked as B.
(4) Preparing a functional gradient transition layer: respectively sequentially mixing 10mLA and 10mLB according to 20: 80. 40: 60. 60: 40. 80: 4 gradient ratios of 20 were mixed and are noted as 20A80B, 40A60B, 60A40B, 80A 20B.
(5) Printing the bottom edge by using the B, then sequentially printing the functional gradient transition layers 20A80B, 40A60B, 60A40B and 80A20B according to 0.3mm of each component, printing the oblique edge by using the A, drying the printed structure, removing grease at 550 ℃ for 3h, and sintering at 1600 ℃ for 2 h.
The ceramic material member obtained by the method is tested for the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient by adopting a non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology, and the test result shows that the equivalent thermal expansion value is-15.8 multiplied by 10-6/° c, as shown in fig. 5.
Example 3
(1) The two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure ceramic material component is designed by taking alumina as a bottom edge and silicon carbide as a bevel edge, and then alpha in the formula (1)b＝8.2×10-6/℃，αh＝2.6×10-6The relation between the half apex angle and the equivalent thermal expansion can be obtained according to the formula (1)/° C, and the design value is selected to be 0.73 × 10-6v./deg.C, half apex angle is 30 deg..
(2) Preparing 100mL of alumina slurry, wherein the volume content of alumina ceramic powder is 55 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 45 vol.%, the addition amount of polymer dispersant KOS110 is 3 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, the addition amount of photoinitiator TPO is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the photosensitive resin, the addition amount of sintering aid titanium dioxide is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, and magnesium oxide is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, and performing ball milling for 14h to obtain the alumina slurry A.
(3) Preparing 100mL of silicon carbide slurry, wherein the volume content of silicon carbide ceramic powder is 45 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 55 vol.%, the addition amount of a polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, the addition amount of a photoinitiator TPO is 1.0 wt.% of the dosage of the photosensitive resin, the addition amount of a sintering aid yttrium dioxide is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, and magnesium oxide is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, and after ball milling for 14h, obtaining the silicon carbide slurry, which is marked as B.
(4) Preparing a functional gradient transition layer: respectively sequentially mixing 10mLA and 10mLB according to 20: 80. 40: 60. 60: 40. 80: 4 gradient ratios of 20 were mixed and are noted as 20A80B, 40A60B, 60A40B, 80A 20B.
(5) Printing the bottom edge by using the ink A, then sequentially printing the functional gradient transition layers 80A20B, 60A40B, 40A60B and 20A80B according to 0.3mm of each component, then printing the oblique edge by using the ink B, drying the printed structure, removing grease at 700 ℃ for 2.5h, and sintering at 1700 ℃ for 2 h.
The ceramic material member obtained by the method is tested for the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient by adopting a non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology, and the test result shows that the equivalent thermal expansion value is 1.1 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
Example 4
(1) The three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure ceramic material component is designed by taking alumina as a bottom edge and silicon carbide as a bevel edge, and alpha in the formula (2)b＝8.2×10-6/℃，αh＝2.6×10-6The relation between the angle and the equivalent thermal expansion can be obtained according to the formula (2)/° C, and the design value is selected to be-0.2 × 10-6V. DEG C, the angle between the bottom side and the hypotenuse is 60 deg.
(2) Preparing 100mL of alumina slurry, wherein the volume content of alumina ceramic powder is 55 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 45 vol.%, the addition amount of polymer dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, the addition amount of photoinitiator TPO is 1 wt.% of the dosage of the photosensitive resin, the addition amount of sintering aid titanium dioxide is 3 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, and magnesium oxide is 1 wt.% of the dosage of the alumina ceramic powder, and performing ball milling for 10h to obtain the alumina slurry A.
(3) Preparing 100mL of silicon carbide slurry, wherein the volume content of silicon carbide ceramic powder is 40 vol.%, the content of photosensitive resin is 60 vol.%, the addition amount of a macromolecular dispersant KOS110 is 2 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, the addition amount of a photoinitiator TPO is 1 wt.% of the dosage of the photosensitive resin, a sintering aid yttrium dioxide is 3 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, and magnesium oxide is 1 wt.% of the dosage of the silicon carbide ceramic powder, and after ball milling for 10h, obtaining the silicon carbide slurry, which is marked as B.
(4) Preparing a functional gradient transition layer: respectively sequentially mixing 10mL of alumina slurry and 10mL of silicon carbide slurry according to a ratio of 20: 80. 40: 60. 60: 40. 80: 4 gradient ratios of 20 were mixed and are noted as 20A80B, 40A60B, 60A40B, 80A 20B.
(5) Printing the bottom edge by using the A, then sequentially printing the functional gradient transition layers 80A20B, 60A40B, 40A60B and 20A80B according to 0.4mm of each component, then printing the oblique edge by using the B, drying the printed structure, then removing grease at 600 ℃ for 2h, and sintering at 1700 ℃ for 2 h.
The ceramic material member obtained by the method is tested for the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient by adopting a non-contact Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology, and the test result shows that the equivalent thermal expansion value is 0.55 multiplied by 10-6/℃。
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A preparation method of a ceramic material component with adjustable thermal expansion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) a, preparing ceramic slurry: mixing ceramic powder A, a dispersing agent, photosensitive resin, a photoinitiator and a sintering aid in proportion, wherein the volume content of the ceramic powder A is 50-60 vol.%, the volume content of the photosensitive resin is 40-50 vol.%, and the sum of the volume contents of the ceramic powder A and the photosensitive resin is 100 vol.%; adding 1-3 wt% of dispersant, 1.0-2.0 wt% of photoinitiator and 3-5 wt% of sintering aid into ceramic powder A, and ball milling to obtain ceramic slurry A;
(2) b, preparing ceramic slurry: mixing ceramic powder B, a dispersing agent, photosensitive resin, a photoinitiator and a sintering aid in proportion, wherein the volume content of the ceramic powder B is 45-55 vol.%, the volume content of the photosensitive resin is 45-55 vol.%, and the sum of the volume contents of the ceramic powder B and the photosensitive resin is 100 vol.%; adding 1-3 wt% of dispersant, 1.0-2.0 wt% of photoinitiator and 3-5 wt% of sintering aid into B ceramic powder, and ball milling to obtain B ceramic slurry;
(3) preparing a functional gradient transition layer: sequentially mixing the ceramic slurry A and the ceramic slurry B according to a gradient proportion to obtain a functional gradient transition layer;
(4) photocuring 3D printing: printing the bottom edge according to the designed structure by using a photocuring 3D printing technology, then printing the functional gradient transition layer, printing the bevel edge, and drying, degreasing and sintering the printed structure;
the structure in the step (4) is a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure or a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure;
when the member is a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction satisfies formula (1):
Figure FDA0003012616160000011
in the formula (1), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequIs the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the member in the height direction, and beta is a half vertex angle;
when the member is a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction satisfies formula (2):
Figure FDA0003012616160000021
in the formula (2), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequThe equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the component is shown, and theta is the included angle between the bottom edge of the component and the bevel edge.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic powder A and the ceramic powder B in the steps (1) and (2) are respectively selected from any one of alumina, zirconia, silica, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, and the two are different.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant in the steps (1) and (2) is KOS110, and the photosensitive resin is HDDP and TMPTA in a volume ratio of 4: 1, the photoinitiator is TPO, and the sintering aid is one or more of titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball milling time in step (1) and step (2) is 10-14h, the grease discharging temperature in step (4) is 500-700 ℃, the grease discharging time is 2-3h, the sintering temperature is 1500-1700 ℃, and the sintering time is 2-3 h.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the functionally graded transition layer in step (3) is prepared by mixing A and B according to 3-5 gradient ratios, wherein the volume content of A and B in each gradient ratio is 10-90 vol.%, and the total volume content of A and B is 100 vol.%.
6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the base line is a, and the oblique side is B; or the bottom edge is B and the oblique edge is A.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the functional gradient transition layer is printed, each gradient is printed in a sequence of 0.3-0.5 mm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the photo-curing 3D printing and forming technology is one of a stereolithography technology and a digital light processing and forming technology.
9. A member of a ceramic material with adjustable thermal expansion, prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein when the member is a two-dimensional isosceles triangle structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the member satisfies formula (1):
Figure FDA0003012616160000031
in the formula (1), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequIs the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the member in the height direction, and beta is a half vertex angle;
when the member is a three-dimensional regular rectangular pyramid structure, the design value of the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the member satisfies the formula (2):
Figure FDA0003012616160000032
in the formula (2), αbIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the base materialhIs the coefficient of thermal expansion, alpha, of the bevel materialequThe equivalent thermal expansion coefficient in the height direction of the component is shown, and theta is the included angle between the bottom edge of the component and the bevel edge.
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