CN111845273A - Device and method for maintaining temperature in vehicle by using solar cell - Google Patents
Device and method for maintaining temperature in vehicle by using solar cell Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
- B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00821—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being ventilating, air admitting or air distributing devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-vehicle temperature maintaining device using a solar battery, which comprises: the solar photovoltaic system is rotatably supported and arranged on the top of the automobile; a temperature measurement system disposed within a cab of the automobile; a heating mechanism provided on one side of the cab; the fan is arranged on one side of the cab and communicated with the heating mechanism; the external controller is arranged on a center console of the automobile and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system; and the central processing unit is arranged on the central console and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, the plurality of temperature measuring systems, the heating mechanism, the fan and the external controller. The invention also provides a method for maintaining the temperature in the vehicle by using the solar cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for maintaining temperature in a vehicle by using a solar cell, belonging to the field of solar power generation.
Background
It is well known that energy is the main material basis for the survival and development of the whole human society. Conventional fossil energy accounts for a large proportion of the life and production of human beings, and nowadays, the fossil energy is increasingly scarce and exhausted, so that energy conservation and development of renewable new energy are concerned by more and more countries. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is a renewable energy source with inexhaustible energy, no pollution and the most promising development and application prospect in consideration of a plurality of factors of energy supply. Therefore, the solar energy is fully developed and utilized, and unprecedented strategic significance is brought to the human society.
In the early stage of the 21 st century, in the face of the double pressure of energy shortage and ecological environment pollution, the energy structure of human beings has changed greatly, the countries in the century promote the rapid development of renewable energy, and finally realize the long-term strategic goal that renewable energy gradually replaces conventional fossil energy.
At present, photovoltaic power generation is a main mode for utilizing solar energy, and is a pollution-free and clean power generation mode for converting generated light energy into electric energy through a photovoltaic cell, and with the rapid development of scientific technology, photovoltaic power generation is likely to become one of power generation technologies with the best development potential.
With the development of economy, people have entered the automobile era, and in summer, if the automobile can not stop in a cool place such as a garage and the like, the temperature in the automobile can be greatly increased after the sun exposure, and when a driver wants to re-drive, the driver needs to endure the high-temperature environment in the automobile or repeatedly incite the door to forcibly cool, which is troublesome and laborious. In winter, the weather is cold, the temperature in the vehicle is lower than the comfortable temperature, air conditioning warm air is needed, the oil consumption is increased, and a certain time is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops an in-vehicle temperature maintaining device utilizing a solar battery, and the temperature in a cab is adjusted when an automobile stops by matching a solar photovoltaic system arranged at the top of the automobile with a fan heating mechanism, so that the driving comfort is improved.
The invention also designs and develops an in-vehicle temperature maintaining method by utilizing the solar cell, monitors the running state of the automobile and the temperature in the cab through the BP neural network, adjusts the temperature in the cab when the automobile stops, and prevents inconvenience caused by uncomfortable temperature in the automobile.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an in-vehicle temperature maintaining apparatus using a solar cell, comprising:
the solar photovoltaic system is rotatably supported and arranged on the top of the automobile;
a temperature measurement system disposed within a cab of the automobile;
a heating mechanism provided on one side of the cab;
the fan is arranged on one side of the cab and communicated with the heating mechanism;
the external controller is arranged on a center console of the automobile and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system;
and the central processing unit is arranged on the central control console and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism, the fan and the external controller.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the air filter is communicated with the outlet of the fan.
Preferably, the heating mechanism is a variable resistance wire.
A method for maintaining temperature in a vehicle using a solar cell, comprising:
when the automobile stops, the solar photovoltaic mechanism descends to the top of the automobile, the temperature in the cab is monitored through the temperature measuring system, the working states of the fan and the heating mechanism are controlled through the BP neural network, and the temperature in the cab is adjusted.
Preferably, the control of the working states of the fan and the heating mechanism through the BP neural network comprises
Step one, acquiring the height h between a solar photovoltaic system and the top of an automobile and the temperature T in a cab according to a sampling period1Ambient temperature T2And the speed v of the automobile, and carrying out normalization;
step two, determining the input layer vector of the three-layer BP neural network as x ═ x1,x2,x3,x4}; wherein x is1Is the height coefficient x between the solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile2Is the temperature coefficient, x, in the cab3Is the ambient temperature coefficient, x4The speed coefficient of the running of the automobile;
step three, the input layer is mapped to a middle layer, and a vector y of the middle layer is equal to { y ═ y1,y2,…,ym}; m is the number of hidden nodes;
step four, obtaining an output layer vector o ═ o1,o2,o3,o4}; wherein o is1For starting a fan first gear signal, o2For starting a second gear signal of the fan, o3For starting the fan with a third gear signal, o4To activate the heating mechanism.
Preferably, the number m of the intermediate layer nodes satisfies:
wherein n is the number of nodes of the input layer, and p is the number of nodes of the output layer.
Preferably, the excitation functions of the intermediate layer and the output layer both adopt S-shaped functions fj(x)＝1/(1+e-x)。
Preferably, the output power of the heating mechanism is controlled, the output temperature of the heating mechanism is adjusted,
the empirical formula of the output power of the heating mechanism is as follows:
wherein, PeAlpha is a temperature coefficient, rho, for the rated power of the heating means1Is the specific resistance, rho, of the resistance wire at normal temperaturemaxIs the specific resistance of the resistance wire at the highest heating temperature, W is the surface load of the resistance wire at normal temperature, WmaxSurface load of resistance wire at maximum heating temperature, n is the number of turns of resistance wire, niThe number of turns of the resistance wire is shown.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the temperature maintaining device in the vehicle utilizing the solar cell provided by the invention can adjust the temperature in the cab according to the actual situation when the vehicle stops, so that the temperature in the vehicle is more suitable for the driver to drive, and the temperature in the vehicle can be adapted as soon as possible when the driver drives again. Meanwhile, the solar energy can be converted and utilized, other energy sources are not required to be consumed, the device is clean and safe, complex operation is not required, and the driving experience is more comfortable.
According to the method for maintaining the temperature in the vehicle by using the solar cell, the temperature in the cab is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the fan and the temperature of the heating mechanism, so that the driving comfort is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a method for maintaining an in-vehicle temperature using a solar cell according to the present invention.
Fig. 2(a) is a schematic view of the solar cell panel according to the present invention when it is not unfolded.
Fig. 2(b) is a schematic structural diagram of the solar panel according to the present invention after being unfolded.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar photovoltaic system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heating mechanism, a fan and a filter in the cab.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides an in-vehicle temperature maintaining apparatus using a solar cell, including: the solar photovoltaic system 100, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism 150, the fan 160, the external controller and the central processing unit.
The solar photovoltaic system is rotatably arranged at the top of the automobile, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism and the fan are arranged in the automobile cab, the heating mechanism is arranged on one side in the cab, the fan is communicated with the heating mechanism, the central control platform is provided with the external controller and the central processing unit, the external controller is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, and the central processing unit is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism, the fan and the external controller.
As shown in fig. 3, the solar photovoltaic system includes sequentially electrically connected: photovoltaic power generation board 110, charge and discharge controller 120, photovoltaic cell 130 and inverter 140, wherein photovoltaic power generation board 110 sets up in the driver's cabin, can be located driver's head ceiling, and photovoltaic power generation board 110's one corner supports through the rotatable support of ball star and sets up on the ceiling, can rotate along the ceiling, and the rotatable support of ball includes elevating gear and carries out elevating movement.
The temperature measuring mechanism shown in fig. 4 includes a plurality of temperature sensors, which are respectively disposed at different positions in the cab, including under the driver and passenger seats, for measuring the temperature during driving and transmitting the measured temperature to the central processor; in the present invention, it is preferable that the heating mechanism 150 is a variable resistance wire supported by a bracket in a disc-shaped structure, and disposed on one side of the fan near the cab and separated from the fan by a heat insulating material, the air filter 170 is disposed at an air inlet passage of the fan 160, and the fan 160 is provided with three gears for promoting air circulation. The central processing unit is simultaneously electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism, the fan and the external controller
The external controller is used for artificially determining whether to start or control the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, and the central processor is used for judging whether a remote control lock of a vehicle door is locked or not, and whether gears and a heating mechanism required by a fan work or not.
When the temperature in the vehicle is higher than the set temperature, only starting the fan to work; when the temperature in the vehicle is lower than the given temperature, the fan and the heating mechanism work simultaneously.
The invention also provides a method for maintaining the temperature in the vehicle by utilizing the solar battery, which controls the fan and the heating mechanism through the BP neural network, adjusts the temperature in the cab when the vehicle stops, and prevents the inconvenience caused by the uncomfortable temperature in the vehicle, and comprises the following steps:
when the automobile stops, the solar photovoltaic mechanism rotates to the top of the automobile, the temperature in the cab is monitored through the temperature measuring system, the working states of the fan and the heating mechanism are controlled through the BP neural network, and the temperature in the cab is adjusted;
when the temperature t in the cab is more than 25 ℃, the fan is started, and the method comprises the following steps:
when the temperature t in the cab is more than 25 ℃ and less than or equal to 27 ℃, the fan is started at the first gear;
when the temperature t in the cab is more than 27 ℃ and less than or equal to 29 ℃, the fan starts the second gear;
when the temperature t in the cab is higher than 29 ℃, the fan is started to be in third gear;
when the temperature t in the cab is less than 23 ℃, the fan and the heating mechanism are started simultaneously.
Control fan and heating mechanism's operating condition through BP neural network, specifically include:
step 1, establishing a BP neural network model.
The BP network system structure adopted by the invention is composed of three layers, wherein the first layer is an input layer, n nodes are provided in total, n monitoring signals representing the working state of the equipment are correspondingly provided, and the signal parameters are given by a data preprocessing module. The second layer is a hidden layer, and has m nodes, and is determined by the training process of the network in a self-adaptive mode. The third layer is an output layer, p nodes are provided in total, and the output is determined by the response actually needed by the system.
The mathematical model of the network is:
inputting a vector: x ═ x1,x2,...,xn)T
Intermediate layer vector: y ═ y1,y2,...,ym)T
Outputting a vector: o ═ O1,o2,...,op)T
In the invention, the number of nodes of the input layer is n equal to 4, and the number of nodes of the output layer is p equal to 4. The number m of hidden layer nodes is estimated by the following formula:
the 4 parameters of the input signal are respectively expressed as: x is the number of1Is the height coefficient x between the solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile2Is the temperature coefficient, x, in the cab3Is the ambient temperature coefficient, x4The speed coefficient of the running of the automobile;
since the data acquired by the sensors belong to different physical quantities with different dimensions, the data needs to be normalized to a number between 0 and 1 before being input into the artificial neural network.
The height h between a solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile and the temperature T in a cab1Ambient temperature T2And the vehicle speed v of the vehicle running is normalized, and the formula is as follows:
wherein x isjFor parameters in the input layer vector, XjRespectively as measurement parameters h and T1、T2、v，j＝1,2,3,4；XjmaxAnd XjminAnd respectively adopting S-shaped functions for the maximum value and the minimum value in the corresponding measurement parameters.
Specifically, the height h between the solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile is normalized to obtain a height coefficient x1：
Wherein h isminAnd hmaxRespectively being solar energyMinimum and maximum values between the photovoltaic system and the roof of the car.
Similarly, for the temperature T in the cooling chamber1After normalization, the temperature coefficient x in the cooling chamber is obtained2：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
respectively the minimum and maximum values of the temperature in the cab.
Likewise, for the ambient temperature T2After normalization, the ambient temperature coefficient x is obtained3；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
minimum and maximum values of ambient humidity, respectively.
Similarly, the automobile speed v is normalized to obtain a distance coefficient x between the shoulder and the airbag4；
Wherein v isminAnd vminRespectively, the minimum and maximum values of the temperature inside the heating drum.
And 2, carrying out BP neural network training.
Obtaining training samples according to historical empirical data and giving input nodesConnection weight W between i and hidden layer node jijConnection weight W between hidden layer node j and output layer node kjkThreshold value theta of hidden layer node jjThreshold value theta of output layer node kk、Wij、Wjk、θj、θkAre all random numbers between-1 and 1.
During the training process, continuously correcting Wij、WjkUntil the system error is less than or equal to the expected error, the training process of the neural network is completed.
(1) Training method
Each subnet adopts a separate training method; when training, firstly providing a group of training samples, wherein each sample consists of an input sample and an ideal output pair, and when all actual outputs of the network are consistent with the ideal outputs of the network, the training is finished; otherwise, the ideal output of the network is consistent with the actual output by correcting the weight; the input samples for each subnet training are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
(2) Training algorithm
The BP network is trained by using a back Propagation (Backward Propagation) algorithm, and the steps can be summarized as follows:
the first step is as follows: and selecting a network with a reasonable structure, and setting initial values of all node thresholds and connection weights.
The second step is that: for each input sample, the following calculations are made:
(a) forward calculation: for j unit of l layer
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
for the weighted sum of the j unit information of the l layer at the nth calculation,
is the connection weight between the j cell of the l layer and the cell i of the previous layer (i.e. the l-1 layer),
is the previous layer (i.e. l-1 layer, node number n)l-1) The operating signal sent by the unit i; when i is 0, order
Is the threshold of the j cell of the l layer.
If the activation function of the unit j is a sigmoid function, then
And is
If neuron j belongs to the first hidden layer (l ═ 1), then there are
If neuron j belongs to the output layer (L ═ L), then there are
(b) And (3) calculating the error reversely:
for output unit
Pair hidden unit
(c) Correcting the weight value:
The third step: inputting a new sample or a new period sample until the network converges, and randomly re-ordering the input sequence of the samples in each period during training.
The BP algorithm adopts a gradient descent method to solve the extreme value of a nonlinear function, and has the problems of local minimum, low convergence speed and the like. A more effective algorithm is a Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm, which enables the network learning time to be shorter and can effectively inhibit the network from being locally minimum. The weight adjustment rate is selected as
Δω＝(JTJ+μI)-1JTe；
Wherein J is a Jacobian (Jacobian) matrix of the differential of the error to the weight, I is an input vector, e is an error vector, and the variable mu is a scalar quantity which is self-adaptive and adjusted and is used for determining whether the learning is finished according to a Newton method or a gradient method.
When the system is designed, the system model is a network which is only initialized, the weight needs to be learned and adjusted according to data samples obtained in the using process, and therefore the self-learning function of the system is designed. Under the condition that learning samples and quantity are specified, the system can carry out self-learning so as to continuously improve the network performance, and output samples after each subnet is trained are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2
And step three, collecting and transmitting the operation parameters of each unit to input into a neural network to obtain a fan starting signal and a heating mechanism starting signal.
The trained artificial neural network is solidified in the chip, so that the hardware circuit has the functions of prediction and intelligent decision making, and intelligent hardware is formed.
Simultaneously acquired by sensors
Normalizing the parameters to obtain initial input vector of BP neural network, and calculating to obtain initial output vector
And step four, monitoring the working states of the fan and the heating mechanism.
And judging the working states of the motor and the power converter in the (i + 1) th cycle according to the environmental influence factor in the (i) th cycle, the SOC lower limit value of the energy storage battery and the sampling signal of the output power of the energy storage battery, and adjusting the output power of the motor and the output value of the power converter.
And judging the working states of the motor and the power converter in the (i + 1) th cycle according to the height between the solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile in the (i) th cycle, the temperature in the cab, the ambient temperature and the sampling signal of the running speed of the automobile, and adjusting the output level of the fan and the working state of the heating mechanism.
In another embodiment, the empirical formula for the output power of the heating mechanism is:
wherein, PeIs the rated power of the heating mechanism, and has the unit of W, alpha is the temperature coefficient, rho1The specific resistance of the resistance wire at normal temperature is in omega mm2/m，ρmaxThe specific resistance of the resistance wire at the highest heating temperature is in omega mm2M, W is the surface load of the resistance wire at normal temperature, and the unit is W/cm2，WmaxSurface load of the resistance wire at the maximum heating temperature in units ofw/cm2N is the number of turns of the resistance wire, niIs the basic number of turns of the resistance wire.
The running state of the automobile and the temperature in the cab are monitored through the BP neural network, the temperature in the cab is adjusted when the automobile stops, and inconvenience caused by the fact that the temperature in the automobile is not comfortable is prevented.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. An in-vehicle temperature maintaining device using a solar cell, comprising:
the solar photovoltaic system is rotatably supported and arranged on the top of the automobile;
a temperature measurement system disposed within a cab of the automobile;
a heating mechanism provided on one side of the cab;
the fan is arranged on one side of the cab and communicated with the heating mechanism;
the external controller is arranged on a center console of the automobile and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system;
and the central processing unit is arranged on the central control console and is electrically connected with the solar photovoltaic system, the temperature measuring system, the heating mechanism, the fan and the external controller.
2. The in-vehicle temperature maintaining apparatus using a solar cell according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the air filter is communicated with the outlet of the fan.
3. The in-vehicle temperature maintaining apparatus using a solar cell according to claim 2, wherein the heating mechanism is a variable resistance wire.
4. A method for maintaining temperature in a vehicle using a solar cell, comprising:
when the automobile stops, the solar photovoltaic mechanism descends to the top of the automobile, the temperature in the cab is monitored through the temperature measuring system, the working states of the fan and the heating mechanism are controlled through the BP neural network, and the temperature in the cab is adjusted.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the controlling of the operating states of the blower and the heating mechanism by the BP neural network comprises
Step one, acquiring the height h between a solar photovoltaic system and the top of an automobile and the temperature T in a cab according to a sampling period1Ambient temperature T2And the speed v of the automobile, and carrying out normalization;
step two, determining the input layer vector of the three-layer BP neural network as x ═ x1,x2,x3,x4}; wherein x is1Is the height coefficient x between the solar photovoltaic system and the top of the automobile2Is the temperature coefficient, x, in the cab3Is the ambient temperature coefficient, x4The speed coefficient of the running of the automobile;
step three, the input layer is mapped to a middle layer, and a vector y of the middle layer is equal to { y ═ y1,y2,…,ym}; m is the number of hidden nodes;
step four, obtaining an output layer vector o ═ o1,o2,o3,o4}; wherein o is1For starting a fan first gear signal, o2For starting a second gear signal of the fan, o3For starting the fan with a third gear signal, o4To activate the heating mechanism.
6. The method for maintaining temperature in a vehicle using a solar cell according to claim 5, wherein the number m of intermediate nodes satisfies:
wherein n is the number of nodes of the input layer, and p is the number of nodes of the output layer.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the excitation functions of the intermediate layer and the output layer are both sigmoid functions fj(x)＝1/(1+e-x)。
8. The method for maintaining an in-vehicle temperature using a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein the output temperature of the heating means is adjusted by controlling the output power of the heating means,
the empirical formula of the output power of the heating mechanism is as follows:
wherein, PeAlpha is a temperature coefficient, rho, for the rated power of the heating means1Is the specific resistance, rho, of the resistance wire at normal temperaturemaxIs the specific resistance of the resistance wire at the highest heating temperature, W is the surface load of the resistance wire at normal temperature, WmaxSurface load of resistance wire at maximum heating temperature, n is the number of turns of resistance wire, niThe number of turns of the resistance wire is shown.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010789131.8A CN111845273A (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Device and method for maintaining temperature in vehicle by using solar cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010789131.8A CN111845273A (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Device and method for maintaining temperature in vehicle by using solar cell |
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