CN111844394A - Heating ceramic tile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heating ceramic tile and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111844394A CN111844394A CN201911063352.0A CN201911063352A CN111844394A CN 111844394 A CN111844394 A CN 111844394A CN 201911063352 A CN201911063352 A CN 201911063352A CN 111844394 A CN111844394 A CN 111844394A
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- Prior art keywords
- ceramic tile
- conductive
- heating
- adhesive
- heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/048—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by spraying or projecting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a heating ceramic tile, which comprises the following steps: s1, cleaning the ceramic tile and drying; s2, stirring and mixing the graphene or the functionalized graphene and the water-based epoxy resin by using an ultrasonic kettle, immediately performing jet flow dispersion by using a jet flow dispersion machine, and after the jet flow dispersion is completed, performing centrifugal purification by using a centrifugal machine to immediately obtain the heating coating; s3, conducting materials are introduced to the surface of the ceramic tile through mask coating by using a mask coater, and after a conducting path with a specific structure is formed, the ceramic tile with the wiring layer introduced is obtained; s4, spraying the heating coating onto the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, and curing the heating layer by using a photocuring machine to obtain the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating; s5, spraying the protective layer paint on the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic spray head to form a protective layer, and drying by using an infrared dryer to obtain the heating ceramic tile. Meanwhile, the heating ceramic tile has the advantages of being easy to lay and paste, not occupying high floor height, being flame-retardant and fireproof, not being subjected to thermal breakdown, being driven by low voltage to heat and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a heating ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, floor heating equipment has been widely used, and research on heating floors has been relatively mature, and generally, an electric heating material is disposed in a floor, and the electric heating material in the floor is electrified to achieve the purpose of heating, so that the floor is heated to warm. The floor in the prior art is generally composed of a plurality of layers of plate bodies, and a metal heat conduction layer is arranged between adjacent plate bodies, so that heat generated by a heating body in the floor can be uniformly transferred. However, the heat conducting layer made of metal materials greatly increases the weight of the floor, so that a heating floor with low quality and good heat conducting performance is urgently needed in the field of floor heating equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heating ceramic tile which is easy to lay and paste and does not occupy high floor and a preparation method thereof.
The preparation method of the heating ceramic tile provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning the ceramic tile and drying;
s2, stirring and mixing the graphene or the functionalized graphene and the water-based epoxy resin by using an ultrasonic kettle, immediately performing jet flow dispersion by using a jet flow dispersion machine, and after the jet flow dispersion is completed, performing centrifugal purification by using a centrifugal machine to immediately obtain the heating coating;
S3, conducting materials are introduced to the surface of the ceramic tile through mask coating by using a mask coater, and after a conducting path with a specific structure is formed, the ceramic tile with the wiring layer introduced is obtained;
s4, spraying the heating coating onto the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, and curing the heating layer by using a photocuring machine to obtain the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating;
s5, spraying the protective layer paint on the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic spray head to form a protective layer, and finishing illumination by using an infrared dryer to obtain the heating ceramic tile.
In one embodiment, the ultrasonic kettle described in S2 has a time period of 0.01-120min and an ultrasonic power of 0.1-20 kw.
In one embodiment, the jet disperser described in S2 has a duration of 0.01-120min and a pressure of 0.5-100 MPa.
In one embodiment, the centrifuge centrifugation speed in S2 is 30-12000rpm, and the time period is 0.01-15 min.
In one embodiment, the conductive material in S3 is a conductive adhesive, a metal foil, a conductive tape;
the conductive adhesive is one of conductive carbon black, conductive graphite, a graphene carbon nanotube, a water-based binder, a graphite conductive adhesive, a copper powder conductive adhesive, a silver powder conductive adhesive, a conductive gold adhesive, a conductive silver adhesive, a conductive copper adhesive, a conductive aluminum adhesive, a conductive zinc adhesive, a conductive iron adhesive, a conductive nickel adhesive, a conductive calcium carbide adhesive, a conductive silica gel, a carbon conductive adhesive tape, a copper conductive adhesive tape, a graphite filled conductive adhesive, a polythiophene conductive polymer material conductive adhesive and a polypyrrole conductive polymer material conductive adhesive; the metal foil is one of copper, brass, aluminum, nickel and metal alloy or composite metal foil; the conductive adhesive tape is one of a copper adhesive tape or an aluminum foil adhesive tape.
The voltage of the electrostatic spray head in S4 is 0.001v-300kv, the gas flow is 0.001L/S-50L/S, and the gas-liquid ratio is 1:0.01-1: 100.
In one embodiment, the wavelength of the light curing machine in S4 is 195nm-10um, and the illumination intensity is 0.05lux-1000 lux.
In one embodiment, the electrostatic spray head described in S5 has a voltage of 0.001v-300kv, a gas flow rate of 0.001L/S-50L/S, and a gas-liquid ratio of 1:0.01-1: 100.
In one embodiment, the infrared dryer wavelength described in S5 is a heating temperature of 30-300 ℃.
In one embodiment, in S5, the protective layer coating is one of composite silicate heat insulating material, inorganic active heat insulating material, silicate heat insulating material, ceramic heat insulating material, rubber powder polyphenyl particles, steel wire mesh cement foam board (sulle board), extruded sheet XPS, hard foam polyurethane heat insulating board, spray polyurethane hard foam, EPS foam board heat insulating material, perlite, diatomite, asbestos, rock wool, mineral wool, vermiculite, limestone, hollow glass bead, carbon-coated heat insulating material, or polyurethane flame-retardant waterproof coiled material.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a heating ceramic tile which is prepared by any one of the methods.
The heating ceramic tile provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of easiness in paving and pasting, no floor height, flame retardance, fire resistance, no thermal breakdown, heating by low-voltage driving and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a heating tile according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for manufacturing a heating tile according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, the ceramic tiles are unpacked by a unpacking machine, the unpacking machine comprises a positioning system and a dismantling mechanical arm, the size of the ceramic tiles is calculated through the positioning system, the mechanical arm is further driven to execute the dismantling action, the ceramic tiles with different specifications and sizes are dismantled through the unpacking machine and are unpacked, and the ceramic tiles are placed on a conveying belt and conveyed to the next procedure. The size of the related ceramic tile is from 1mm by 1mm to 1200mm by 2400 mm. And then, cleaning by using a spray head, and cleaning the ceramic tile by using the spray head to remove particles and dust on the back of the ceramic tile. The spray head pumps water mist with certain pressure through the pressurizing pump, so that particles on the ceramic tile are dissolved or taken away by flowing liquid drops, and the cleaned ceramic tile is blown by high-pressure air until the surface is completely dried.
S2, feeding graphene or functionalized graphene and the aqueous epoxy resin into an ultrasonic kettle for premixing. The time duration is 0.01-120min, and the ultrasonic power is 0.1-20 kw. Then the material is sent into a reactor for dispersion, the duration of the jet flow dispersion machine is 0.01-120min, and the pressure is 0.5-100 Mpa. After the completion, the material is sent into a centrifuge to precipitate the poorly dispersed particles. Wherein the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine is 30-12000rpm, and the heating coating is obtained immediately after the time duration is 0.01-15 min.
S3, spraying the conductive material through the mask by using a mask coater, and arranging the conductive material in the form of a wiring layer with the thickness of 0.1-200 u. The wiring layer shape includes interdigital electrodes, parallel plates, concentric circles, and the like. Coating a mask to introduce the surface of the ceramic tile to form a conductive path with a specific structure, and then obtaining the ceramic tile introduced with the wiring layer;
s4, the electrothermal paint is sprayed and attached to the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic spray head, and the electrothermal paint is sprayed to the surface of the clean ceramic tile in a mist form by the spray head to form a coating with the thickness of 0.1-100 um. Wherein the voltage of the electrostatic spray head is 0.001v-300kv, the gas flow is 0.001L/s-50L/s, and the gas-liquid ratio is 1:0.01-1: 100. And drying by using an infrared dryer, and heating and cleaning the electrothermal coating on the surface of the ceramic tile to solidify the electrothermal coating to form a heating layer, wherein the heating temperature is 30-300 ℃. And curing the electric heating coating to form a heating layer to obtain the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating.
S5, the protective layer paint is sprayed by using an electrostatic spray head, which is used for spraying the protective layer paint to the surface in a mist form by the spray head, and a coating layer with the thickness of 0.1-100um is formed. Wherein the voltage of the electrostatic spray head is 0.001-300 kv, the gas flow is 0.001-50L/s, the gas-liquid ratio is 1:0.01-1:100 to form a protective layer on the ceramic tile, the light curing machine is used for finishing the illumination, the protective layer paint on the surface of the ceramic tile is dried by infrared to cure the protective layer paint, and then the final product is obtained. Wherein the heating temperature of the infrared dryer in S5 is 100-300 ℃.
Examples
Example one
The preparation method of the heating ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
s1, unpacking the ceramic tiles of 120mm by 120mm, then cleaning the ceramic tiles by using a spray head, cleaning the ceramic tiles by using the spray head, removing particles and dust on the back surfaces of the ceramic tiles, and blowing the cleaned ceramic tiles by using high-pressure air until the surfaces of the ceramic tiles are completely dried;
s2, stirring and mixing the graphene and the water-based epoxy resin by using an ultrasonic kettle, wherein the time duration is 100min, and the ultrasonic power is 10 kw. And (3) immediately feeding the material into a reactor for dispersion, wherein the duration of a jet flow dispersion machine is 100min, the pressure is 1Mp, and after the dispersion is finished, feeding the material into a centrifugal machine to precipitate particles which are not well dispersed. Wherein the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine is 1000rpm, the time is 10min, and the heating coating is obtained immediately;
S3 graphite filled conductive paste was introduced onto the surface of the tile by mask coating using a mask coater, the wiring thickness was 100u, and the wiring layer was shaped as a concentric circle plate. After a conductive path is formed, obtaining a ceramic tile introduced with a wiring layer;
s4, the electrothermal paint is sprayed and attached to the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, and the electrothermal paint is sprayed to the surface of the clean ceramic tile in a mist form by the sprayer to form a 30um coating. The electrostatic nozzle voltage is 100KV, the gas flow is 10L/S, and the gas-liquid ratio is 1: 1. and drying by using an infrared dryer, and heating and cleaning the electrothermal coating on the surface of the ceramic tile to solidify the electrothermal coating to form a heating layer, wherein the heating temperature is 100 ℃. And obtaining the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating.
S5 forming a protective layer on the ceramic tile by spraying diatomite with an electrostatic spray head, wherein the electrostatic spray head has a voltage of 15KV, a gas flow rate of 10L/S, a gas-liquid ratio of 1: 1 forming a protective layer on the tile. And an infrared dryer is used, the wavelength of the infrared dryer is 195nm, and the drying temperature of the infrared dryer is 100 ℃, so that the heating ceramic tile is obtained after drying is finished.
The coating thickness was measured to be 650 microns. The conductive path was connected to a voltage of 10V, and the heat generating layer was found to increase in temperature. And then connecting the conductive path with a constant voltage power supply, and measuring the thermal power and the electric heat conversion efficiency to obtain the product with the thermal power of 600W and the electric heat conversion efficiency of 90 percent. The burning grade was measured to obtain a burning grade of A2 for the tile.
Example two
The preparation method of the heating ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
s1, unpacking the tiles of 200mm by 120mm, then cleaning the tiles by using a spray head, cleaning the tiles by using the spray head, removing particles and dust on the back of the tiles, and blowing the cleaned tiles by using high-pressure air until the surfaces of the tiles are completely dried.
S2, stirring and mixing the graphene containing the carboxyl group and the waterborne epoxy resin by using an ultrasonic kettle for 50min, wherein the ultrasonic power is 20 kw. And then feeding the materials into a reactor for dispersion, wherein the duration of a jet flow dispersion machine is 50min, and the pressure is 15 Mpa. After the completion, the material is sent into a centrifuge to precipitate the poorly dispersed particles. Wherein the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine is 100rpm, the time duration is 50min, and the heating coating is obtained immediately.
S3 conductive aluminum paste was introduced onto the surface of the tile by mask coating using a mask coater, the wiring thickness was 50u, and the wiring layer was shaped as a parallel plate. And after the conductive path is formed, obtaining the ceramic tile introduced into the wiring layer.
S4, the electrothermal paint is sprayed and attached to the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, and the electrothermal paint is sprayed to the surface of the clean ceramic tile in a mist form by the sprayer to form a 10um coating. The voltage of the electrostatic sprayer is 300KV, the gas flow is 15L/S, and the gas-liquid ratio is 2: 1. and drying by using an infrared dryer, and heating and cleaning the electrothermal coating on the surface of the ceramic tile to solidify the electrothermal coating to form a heating layer, wherein the heating temperature is 200 ℃. And curing the electric heating coating to form a heating layer to obtain the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating.
S5 forming a protective layer on the ceramic tile by spraying perlite on the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, wherein the voltage of the electrostatic sprayer is 15KV, the air flow rate is 10L/S, and the air-liquid ratio is 1: 1 forming a protective layer on the tile. And an infrared dryer is used, the drying temperature is 200 ℃, and the heating ceramic tile is obtained after drying is finished.
The coating thickness was measured to be 750 microns. The conductive path was connected to a voltage of 20V and the heat generating layer was found to increase in temperature. And then connecting the conductive path with a constant voltage power supply, and measuring the thermal power and the electric heat conversion efficiency to obtain the product with the thermal power of 380W and the electric heat conversion efficiency of 90 percent. The burning grade was measured to obtain a burning grade of A1 for the tile.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A preparation method of the heating ceramic tile comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning the ceramic tile and drying;
s2, stirring and mixing the graphene or the functionalized graphene and the water-based epoxy resin by using an ultrasonic kettle, immediately performing jet flow dispersion by using a jet flow dispersion machine, and after the jet flow dispersion is completed, performing centrifugal purification by using a centrifugal machine to immediately obtain the heating coating;
S3, conducting materials are introduced to the surface of the ceramic tile through mask coating by using a mask coater, and after a conducting path with a specific structure is formed, the ceramic tile with the wiring layer introduced is obtained;
s4, spraying the heating coating onto the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic sprayer, and curing the heating layer by using a photocuring machine to obtain the ceramic tile coated with the heating coating;
s5, spraying the protective layer paint on the ceramic tile by using an electrostatic spray head to form a protective layer, and finishing illumination by using an infrared dryer to obtain the heating ceramic tile.
2. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the time length of the ultrasonic kettle in the S2 is 0.01-120min, and the ultrasonic power is 0.1-20 kw.
3. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the jet flow dispersion machine in the S2 has the time length of 0.01-120min and the pressure of 0.5-100 Mpa.
4. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: and the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine in the S2 is 30-12000rpm, and the time duration is 0.01-15 min.
5. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the conductive material in S3 is conductive adhesive, metal foil or conductive adhesive tape.
6. A method of manufacturing a heating tile according to claim 5, wherein: the conductive adhesive is one of conductive carbon black, conductive graphite, a graphene carbon nanotube, a water-based binder, a graphite conductive adhesive, a copper powder conductive adhesive, a silver powder conductive adhesive, a conductive gold adhesive, a conductive silver adhesive, a conductive copper adhesive, a conductive aluminum adhesive, a conductive zinc adhesive, a conductive iron adhesive, a conductive nickel adhesive, a conductive calcium carbide adhesive, a conductive silica gel, a carbon conductive adhesive tape, a copper conductive adhesive tape, a graphite filled conductive adhesive, a polythiophene conductive polymer material conductive adhesive and a polypyrrole conductive polymer material conductive adhesive; the metal foil is one of copper, brass, aluminum, nickel, metal alloy or composite metal foil; the conductive adhesive tape is one of a copper adhesive tape or an aluminum foil adhesive tape.
7. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the wavelength of the light curing machine in S4 is 195nm-10um, and the illumination intensity is 0.05lux-1000 lux.
8. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the voltage of the electrostatic spray head in S5 is 0.001v-300kv, the gas flow is 0.001L/S-50L/S, and the gas-liquid ratio is 1:0.01-1: 100.
9. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the infrared dryer described in S5 has a heating temperature of 30 to 300 ℃.
10. A method for producing a heat-generating ceramic tile according to claim 1, wherein: the protective layer coating in S5 is one of a composite silicate heat insulation material, an inorganic active heat insulation material, a silicate heat insulation material, a ceramic heat insulation material, rubber powder polyphenyl particles, a steel wire mesh cement foam board (Shule board), an extruded sheet XPS, a hard foam polyurethane heat insulation board, a spray polyurethane hard foam, an EPS foam board heat insulation material, perlite, diatomite, asbestos, rock wool, mineral wool, vermiculite, limestone, hollow glass beads, a carbon-coated heat insulation material or a polyurethane flame-retardant waterproof coiled material.
11. A heating tile, characterized in that it is produced by the process of any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911063352.0A CN111844394A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Heating ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201911063352.0A CN111844394A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Heating ceramic tile and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105025598A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-04 | 广东天弼陶瓷有限公司 | Electrothermal composite ceramic brick and preparation method thereof |
| JP2016085027A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2016-05-19 | 隆一郎 大貝 | Heating material |
| CN107631344A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 戴明 | Graphene self-heating floor and manufacture method and low-voltage self-heating floor system |
| CN108300344A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-07-20 | 东莞爵士先进电子应用材料有限公司 | Conductive tape and preparation method thereof |
| CN109629793A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 辽宁宿春环保科技有限公司 | Safety and environmental protection electric heating ceramic tile |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911063352.0A patent/CN111844394A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016085027A (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2016-05-19 | 隆一郎 大貝 | Heating material |
| CN105025598A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-04 | 广东天弼陶瓷有限公司 | Electrothermal composite ceramic brick and preparation method thereof |
| CN108300344A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-07-20 | 东莞爵士先进电子应用材料有限公司 | Conductive tape and preparation method thereof |
| CN107631344A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 戴明 | Graphene self-heating floor and manufacture method and low-voltage self-heating floor system |
| CN109629793A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-16 | 辽宁宿春环保科技有限公司 | Safety and environmental protection electric heating ceramic tile |
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