CN111843853B - Internal surface finish machining strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow - Google Patents
Internal surface finish machining strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN111843853B CN111843853B CN202010757523.6A CN202010757523A CN111843853B CN 111843853 B CN111843853 B CN 111843853B CN 202010757523 A CN202010757523 A CN 202010757523A CN 111843853 B CN111843853 B CN 111843853B
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- process chamber
- storage tank
- liquid storage
- venturi tube
- abrasive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0007—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a liquid carrier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
Abstract
An internal surface finish machining strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow comprises a liquid storage tank, a water pump, an upstream pressure regulator, a process chamber and a downstream pressure regulator which are sequentially connected. A heater is arranged in the liquid storage tank and is connected with the air pump; the throat part of the Venturi tube is connected with the grinding material pool through a pressure pump; the process chamber is provided with a sealing end cover for putting a workpiece; a chuck is fixedly arranged in the process chamber. Fluid enters the process chamber through the venturi tube and is combined with abrasive flow entering the throat of the venturi tube to generate cavitation bubbles, impact is carried out on the target surface through shock waves caused by the cavitation bubbles, erosion grinding is generated, the purpose of fine machining of the inner surface of a workpiece is achieved, the adaptability is good, the precision is high, the stability is good, the method is applied to aerospace industrial materials which are difficult to machine, and the maximum reduction rate of the surface roughness of the profile of the material obtained through the process flow is 47.5%. Therefore, the process can obtain higher material removal rate and higher surface precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a strengthening system for finish machining of an inner surface based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow, and belongs to the technical field of finish machining of a grinding surface.
Background
Precision machining of the inner surface of a workpiece is an important post-processing step in conventional methods of manufacturing parts. The mainstream post-treatment process which is widely used at present comprises special processing, novel abrasive flow processing and the like.
1. The special processing technology comprises the following steps: the general processing method for removing or adding materials by using energy such as electric energy, heat energy, light energy, electrochemical energy, chemical energy, sound energy, special mechanical energy and the like is used, but the workpiece subjected to inner surface processing by a special processing method has the problems of poor surface roughness and deposition of a thermal recasting layer.
2. And (3) abrasive flow processing: abrasive flow machining uses an abrasive-laden viscoelastic polymer as a working fluid for removing recast layers created by an electrical discharge machining process and polishing the interior surfaces of mechanical components. However, the use of abrasive flow processing techniques results in lower material removal rates and thus increased processing times; adjusting the working condition to increase the material removal rate, which can result in that the surface treatment of the complex inner surface cannot be completed; in addition, the limited flow rate of the working fluid can cause inconsistent surface roughness of the inner surface of the workpiece.
Therefore, the development of a novel internal surface finishing technology is very important for overcoming the problems of inconsistent abrasive embedding and surface finishing. In view of the above, the present invention provides a system for enhancing the finish machining of an internal surface by hydrodynamic cavitation jet. Hydrodynamic cavitation refers to the process of growth and collapse of cavitation nuclei inside a liquid. When the local static pressure of the liquid is reduced to be lower than the local saturated vapor pressure, the pressure inside the cavitation nucleus is higher than the external pressure, the cavitation nucleus starts to grow, and the cavitation nucleus can collapse when growing to the maximum diameter or meeting the pressure recovery, and simultaneously releases huge energy. Cavitation bubble collapse can form micro jet, shock wave and strong shearing stress, and the strong physical effects can not only mix the abrasive, but also endow the abrasive with larger kinetic energy, thereby strengthening the grinding effect of the surface.
At present, there are patents relating to surface hydrodynamic cavitation surface grinding technology, mainly methods and devices for fluid cavitation abrasive surface finishing (patent No. 201810984657.4).
In the invention of 201810984657.4, there is provided a finishing method comprising: discharging a fluid flow toward the workpiece at a pressure and flow rate that promotes formation of a plurality of cavitation bubbles, and introducing an abrasive medium. The method comprises exciting an abrasive medium with cavitation bubbles to remove material from the workpiece by interaction between the cavitation bubbles and the abrasive medium and the surface of the workpiece, but is used with the invention for machining of the outer surface of the workpiece, not involving machining of the inner surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing inner surface finish machining process method, the inner surface finish machining strengthening system based on the hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow is provided, and the surface finish machining process can be efficiently finished.
The invention relates to an inner surface finish machining strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the system comprises a liquid storage tank, a water pump, an upstream pressure regulator, a process chamber and a downstream pressure regulator which are sequentially connected, wherein a heater is arranged in the liquid storage tank and is used for strengthening cavitation and abrasive flow mixing effect; the liquid storage tank is connected with the air pump, and the air content is increased to strengthen the generation of cavitation; the throat part of the Venturi tube in the process chamber is connected with an abrasive pool through a pressure pump, and abrasive is input; a sealing end cover (which can be opened and used for putting in a workpiece) is arranged on the process chamber; a chuck is fixedly arranged in the process chamber.
The end cover of the chuck is connected with a transmission device outside the process chamber, the outer end of a workpiece clamped on the chuck is aligned with the outlet of the Venturi tube, and the distance between the outer end of the workpiece and the outlet of the Venturi tube is 0 mm.
The process chamber is filled with liquid, so that the pressure requirement is ensured.
The chuck can adopt the existing three-jaw or four-jaw chuck, which is the prior art.
Venturi tube's import pipe section radius is 1~20mm, and throat section radius is 0.1~2mm, and the contraction angle is 30~50, and the divergence angle is 5~ 20.
And air is injected into the liquid storage tank, so that the air content of the liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches 0.01-0.05%, and the generation of cavitation effect is enhanced.
The upstream pressure regulated by the upstream pressure regulator is 60-150 kPa, and the downstream pressure regulated by the downstream pressure regulator is 0-40 kPa.
The flow rate of the fluid working medium in the liquid storage tank is 5-20 multiplied by 10-4m3Is delivered to the process chamber.
The concentration of the abrasive fluid in the abrasive pool is 0.75-1.5 wt%.
The temperature of the abrasive fluid in the process chamber is 30-80 ℃.
A workpiece needing inner surface finish machining is placed on a chuck in a process chamber, air is introduced into a liquid storage tank through an air pump, the air content of water is improved, and the cavitation effect is enhanced. The higher the air saturation ratio in the fluid is, the larger the cavitation index is, the lower the Reynolds number value during cavitation initiation is, and the cavitation effect is easily generated. The venturi is primarily used to induce cavitation effects in the fluid. The workpiece is clamped by the chuck and is driven to rotate by an external motor, so that the surface grinding effect is optimized. The process chamber is a fluid-filled structure to ensure pressure requirements. The grinding material is pumped into the throat part of the Venturi tube through the pressure pump, is combined with the high-pressure fluid, and is fully stirred and mixed by utilizing the cavitation effect and the turbulent flow generated behind the throat part, so that the grinding effect is greatly improved. When the fluid working medium is driven to pass through the Venturi tube, the fluid pressure is reduced to be lower than the steam pressure and cavitation bubbles are generated, the cavitation bubbles penetrate through the surface of the workpiece and impact the surface of the workpiece, the bubbles can corrode the inner surface, and the abrasive particles carried in the cavitation flow are beneficial to improving the material removal rate and reducing the surface roughness of the inner surface of the workpiece.
The hydraulic cavitation abrasive grinder is simple in structure, integrated in components, beneficial to disassembly and assembly, space-saving, high in precision and controllable, and capable of adjusting grinding conditions by changing upstream and downstream pressure so as to meet the precision requirement of workpieces.
The invention improves the prior process for finishing the inner surface of the workpiece, and processes the inner surface of the workpiece by utilizing the hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon and the auxiliary action of grinding of the abrasive. Cavitation, a very fast physical phenomenon from the liquid phase to the gas phase, generates very high temperatures and instantaneous high pressures when bubbles collapse, releasing huge energy. The workpiece to be processed is placed in the chamber, and the huge kinetic energy generated by collapse of cavitation bubbles generated by the Venturi tube is utilized to push abrasive particles to impact the surface of the workpiece to be processed, so that the workpiece is eroded and ground, and the purpose of performing reinforced finish machining on the inner surface of the workpiece is achieved.
The process of performing inner surface finish machining on the workpiece by using the device comprises the following steps:
placing a workpiece on a chuck in an openable process chamber, storing a fluid working medium in a liquid storage tank, and injecting air into the liquid storage tank by an air pump to enhance the generation of cavitation effect; starting a water pump and adjusting an upstream pressure regulator and a downstream pressure regulator to convert fluid working media in a liquid storage tank into high-pressure fluid and convey the high-pressure fluid to a process chamber; the high-pressure fluid is combined with the abrasive flow in the Venturi tube to generate a cavitation effect, cavitation bubbles are generated to impact the inner surface of the workpiece, and the fluid working medium after the working procedure is finished is discharged through the water conveying pipe to circulate.
The invention has the advantages of good adaptability, high precision, good stability and high practicability, and has the following characteristics:
1. the system of the invention adopts the hydrodynamic cavitation technology to carry out finish machining treatment on the surface of the workpiece, the flow is simple and controllable, and the automation degree is high;
2. the heater is arranged in the liquid storage tank, and is used for heating the fluid and increasing the temperature of the fluid so as to strengthen the cavitation phenomenon and the abrasive flow mixing effect;
3. the air pump is arranged in the liquid storage tank, air is pumped into the fluid, the air content of the fluid is improved, the generation of a cavitation effect is enhanced, and the grinding effect is improved;
4. the throat part of the venturi tube in the process chamber is provided with the material conveying port, abrasive materials are directly injected into the venturi tube, and the cavitation effect and the turbulent flow generated behind the throat part are utilized to realize full stirring and mixing, so that the grinding effect is greatly improved;
5. the adjustable electric rotating chuck is arranged in the cavitation process chamber, so that different types of workpieces can be driven by the motor to rotate, and the grinding efficiency and precision are greatly improved;
6. the equipment adopts the motor as a power source of the process system, is not influenced by environmental factors, can be opened at any time according to requirements, and has high flexibility;
7. the equipment has strong adaptability, and can be suitable for workpieces of different sizes and different materials to carry out process treatment. The device can be suitable for processing different workpieces only by adjusting the clamping jaws, the upstream and downstream pressure regulators and the abrasive concentration;
8. in the running process of the device, the inner surface is periodically cavitated and cleaned, so that the device has a self-cleaning function;
9. the equipment has the advantages of simple structure, strong adaptability, convenient operation, safety, reliability and convenient maintenance;
10. the structure and technological parameters of the system are obtained by actual processing experiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal surface finishing and strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process chamber according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the jaws of the chuck of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a large bevel gear of the chuck of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a liquid storage tank, 2 a heater, 3 an air pump, 4 a water pump, 5 an upstream pressure regulator, 6 an abrasive tank, 7 a process chamber, 8 a downstream pressure regulator, 9 a Venturi tube, 10 a conveying pipe, 11 a cylinder body, 12 a large bevel gear, 13 a chuck main body, 14 a small bevel gear, 15 a clamping jaw, 16 an end cover, 17 a screw, 18 a screw, 19 a screw, 20 a sealing end cover, 21 a liquid discharge pipe, 22 a bearing, 23 a sealing washer, 24 an adjusting wrench, 25 a coupler and 26 a motor.
Detailed Description
The internal surface finishing strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet flow, as shown in figure 1, mainly comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a water pump 4, an upstream pressure regulator 5, a process chamber 7 and a downstream pressure regulator 8 which are connected in sequence. The inlet end of the process chamber 7 is embedded with a venturi tube 9, the fluid in the liquid storage tank 1 flows into the venturi tube 9 through a water pump 4, the pressure is adjusted by an upstream pressure regulator 5, and the throat part of the venturi tube 9 is connected with the abrasive pool 6 through a pressure pump. The drain 21 of the process chamber 7 is connected to the downstream pressure regulator 8.
The fluid working medium is stored in the liquid storage tank 1, and the heater 2 is arranged in the liquid storage tank 1 and used for increasing the temperature of the fluid, so that the cavitation reaction is facilitated. Meanwhile, the liquid storage tank 1 is externally connected with an air pump 3, and air is introduced into the liquid storage tank 1 through the air pump 3, so that the air content of liquid in the liquid storage tank reaches 0.01-0.05%, the air content of the fluid working medium is improved, and the cavitation effect is enhanced; the built-in heater 2 is used for increasing the temperature of fluid and is beneficial to the cavitation reaction, and the heating temperature is 30-80 ℃. The fluid in the liquid storage tank 1 is converted into high-pressure fluid through the upstream pressure regulator 5 through the water pump 4, the high-pressure fluid enters the Venturi tube 9, meanwhile, the abrasive in the abrasive pool 6 is pressed into the throat part of the Venturi tube 9 through the pressure pump, the high-pressure fluid is mixed with the abrasive through the turbulence effect, cavitation bubbles are generated at the rear part of the throat part, the cavitation bubbles pass through the surface of a workpiece, the abrasive in the abrasive flow is used for auxiliary grinding, the inner surface of the workpiece is impacted, and the purpose of finish machining of the inner surface is achieved.
The pressure regulators at the two ends of the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the process chamber 7 control the opening and closing of the channel on the valve body by the balance of the spring force and the liquid pressure, and the highest pressure of the system is regulated by the overflow valve. Through a large number of practical processing experiments, the gas content of the fluid is 0.01-0.05%, the upstream pressure is 60-120 kPa, the downstream pressure is 0-40 kPa, and the flow rate is 5-20 multiplied by 10-4m3And/s, the abrasive concentration is 0.75-1.5 wt%, and the optimal strengthening inner surface processing effect can be obtained under the condition of the temperature of 30-80 ℃.
The process chamber 7, as shown in fig. 2, comprises a venturi tube 9, a barrel 11, a chuck, a coupling 25, and a motor 26. The venturi tube 9 is fixedly connected to one end of the cylinder 11, and the other end of the cylinder 11 is fixedly mounted on the chuck body 13 through a screw 18 and a screw 19. Venturi tube's import pipe section radius is 1~20mm, and throat section radius is 0.1~2mm, and the contraction angle is 30~50, and the divergence angle is 5~ 20. The structure and the size are obtained by computational fluid mechanics and multi-objective optimization design, and the optimal cavitation effect can be realized. The throat part of the Venturi tube 9 is connected with the abrasive pool 6 through the material conveying pipe 10, abrasive flow enters the throat part of the Venturi tube 9 through the material conveying pipe 10, and full stirring and mixing are realized by utilizing cavitation effect and turbulent flow generated behind the throat part, so that the grinding effect is greatly improved. The upper part of the cylinder body 11 is provided with an opening for placing a workpiece, a sealing end cover 20 is arranged at the opening, the workpiece is fixed through screws, the workpiece is placed into the cylinder body 11 from the opening and clamped by a chuck, and then the opening is sealed by the sealing end cover 20 to prevent fluid from leaking. The drain pipe 21 is used for discharging the impact water flow to circulate the working fluid. The cylinder 11 is filled with fluid to ensure pressure requirements.
The chuck is of the prior art and may be a three-jaw chuck or a four-jaw chuck, see fig. 1, 3 and 4, including a large bevel gear 12, a chuck body 13, a small bevel gear 14, jaws 15 and an end cap 16. The claws 15 are fixed on the end face threads of the large bevel gear 12, and the centripetal movement of the claws 15 is realized through the rotation of the large bevel gear 12. The bevel pinion 14 is provided with a square opening (an opening is provided at the position on the barrel 11) communicating with the outside, and is combined with an adjusting wrench 24, so that the rotation of the bevel pinion 14 is realized by the rotation of the adjusting wrench. The small bevel gear 14 is matched with a hole in the chuck body 13 to be fixed, meanwhile, the small bevel gear 14 is matched with the large bevel gear 12 to fix the large bevel gear 12, and the large bevel gear 12 and the small bevel gear 14 synchronously rotate, so that the adjusting function of the clamping jaw 15 is realized, and the purpose of clamping workpieces of different sizes is achieved. The end cover 16 is fixedly connected with the large bevel gear 12 through a screw 17, and is externally connected with the motor 26 through a coupler 25, so that the rotating function of the workpiece is realized, and the grinding efficiency and precision are greatly improved. The joint of the end cover 16 and the cylinder 11 is provided with a bearing 22. The sealing gasket 23 acts as a seal preventing the fluid from flowing out.
And a workpiece is clamped on a chuck in the process chamber 7, the outlet of the venturi tube 9 is in a fit state with the workpiece to be processed, and the distance is 0 mm. The fluid working medium is stored in the liquid storage tank 1 and is heated by the heater 2 to strengthen the cavitation phenomenon and the abrasive flow mixing effect; the air pump 3 injects air into the liquid storage tank 1, thereby enhancing the generation of the cavitation effect. The water pump 4, the regulating upstream pressure regulator 5 and the downstream pressure regulator 8 convert the fluid working medium in the liquid storage tank 1 into high-pressure fluid to be conveyed into the process chamber 7. The high-pressure fluid is combined with the abrasive flow from the abrasive pool 6 in the venturi tube 9 to generate a cavitation effect, cavitation bubbles are generated to impact the inner surface of the workpiece, and the fluid working medium after the working procedure is discharged through the liquid discharge pipe 21 to circulate.
By using the device disclosed by the invention to carry out finish machining experiments on the inner surfaces of workpieces made of 6061 aluminum alloy and 316 stainless steel materials, the following conclusions can be obtained under the following optimal working conditions:
under the conditions that the gas content of fluid is 0.01%, the concentration of the abrasive is 0.75% by weight, the temperature is 50 ℃, the upstream pressure is 100kPa, and the downstream pressure is 26.8kPa, the workpiece is finely processed by a Venturi tube with an inlet tube section radius of 5mm, a throat section radius of 1mm, a contraction angle of 45 degrees and an expansion angle of 12 degrees by a Venturi tube, so that the material with the absolute surface roughness less than 1 μm is obtained, the maximum reduction rate of the profile surface roughness is 47.5%, and the reduction percentage of the profile surface roughness in the process is linearly increased along with the increase of the material removal rate; after reaching the maximum, the surface roughness remains saturated as the material removal rate increases. Therefore, the process flow can realize higher material removal rate and higher surface precision.
Claims (2)
1. An internal surface finish machining strengthening system based on hydrodynamic cavitation jet is characterized by comprising a liquid storage tank, a water pump, an upstream pressure regulator, a process chamber and a downstream pressure regulator which are sequentially connected, wherein a heater is arranged in the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage tank is connected with the air pump, and the throat part of the Venturi tube in the process chamber is connected with the grinding material tank through the pressure pump; a sealing end cover is arranged on the process chamber, and a chuck is fixedly arranged in the process chamber; the section radius of an inlet pipe of the Venturi tube is 1-20 mm, the section radius of a throat part of the Venturi tube is 0.1-2 mm, the contraction angle is 30-50%, and the expansion angle is 5-20 degrees; injecting air into the liquid storage tank to enable the gas content of liquid in the liquid storage tank to reach 0.01-0.05%; the temperature of the abrasive fluid in the process chamber is 30-80 ℃; the upstream pressure regulated by the upstream pressure regulator is 60-150 kPa, and the downstream pressure regulated by the downstream pressure regulator is 0-40 kPa; the concentration of the abrasive flow in the abrasive pool is 0.75-1.5% wt.
2. The hydrodynamic cavitation jet-based internal surface finishing enhancement system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir solutionThe flow rate of the fluid working medium in the tank is 5-20 multiplied by 10-4 m3Is delivered to the process chamber.
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| CN112593440A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-02 | 山东大学 | Hydraulic ultrasonic cavitation device for cotton pulp bleaching |
| CN114367925A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-19 | 金马工业集团股份有限公司 | Deep hole wet type shot blasting cleaning device based on cavitation jet |
| CN114473880A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 浙江大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted fluid cavitation grinding equipment |
| CN115284160A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-04 | 江苏大学 | Reciprocating abrasive flow polishing device and method based on cavitation effect |
| GB2621042A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-31 | Univ Jiangsu | Reciprocating abrasive flow polishing apparatus and method based on cavitation effect |
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