CN111841830A - Low-grade middling sorting method for graphite ore - Google Patents

Low-grade middling sorting method for graphite ore Download PDF

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CN111841830A
CN111841830A CN202010601110.9A CN202010601110A CN111841830A CN 111841830 A CN111841830 A CN 111841830A CN 202010601110 A CN202010601110 A CN 202010601110A CN 111841830 A CN111841830 A CN 111841830A
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concentrate
low
tailings
grade
recleaning
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CN111841830B (en
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刘磊
郭理想
王守敬
张然
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Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources CAGS
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Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources CAGS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore, which comprises the following steps: (1) the raw ore is subjected to closed-circuit crushing by a high-pressure roller mill, and crushed products reaching the required granularity enter 'first-stage rough concentration, first-stage fine concentration and first-stage scavenging'; (2) the first-stage concentration obtains concentrated concentrate and concentrated tailings, the first-stage scavenging obtains scavenged concentrate and scavenged tailings, the concentrated tailings and the scavenged concentrate are combined into low-grade middlings, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground and then subjected to secondary flotation to obtain recleaning tailings and recleaning concentrate, and the recleaning tailings and the scavenged tailings are combined into final tailings; (3) and combining the selected concentrate and the recleaning concentrate, and then performing quality separation to obtain coarse low-quality product concentrate and fine high-quality product concentrate. The invention reduces the fixed carbon content in the final tailings, improves the recovery rate of the final concentrate, regrinds and recleaning the low-grade middlings, discharges a large amount of gangue minerals as early as possible, and greatly shortens the quality separation operation flow.

Description

Low-grade middling sorting method for graphite ore
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ore dressing, in particular to a low-grade middling sorting method for graphite ore.
Background
Graphite is a non-metallic material with stable properties and a layered structure, and is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, machinery, electronics, aerospace and the like. Known graphite deposits with industrial value in China can be classified according to their causes: regional metamorphic graphite deposit, contact metamorphic graphite deposit and speech hot type graphite deposit. Wherein, the regional metamorphic ore deposit accounts for more than 80 percent of the known graphite deposit in China and is the main source of natural graphite resources in China. The fixed carbon content of the graphite deposit is low, more than 30 kinds of minerals symbiotic with graphite in the ore mainly comprise feldspar, quartz, mica, calcite, dolomite and the like, the minerals can be further processed and utilized after being enriched and purified, and the minerals are mainly pre-purified by a flotation method at present. The graphite mineral and the mica mineral are both layered minerals, the two minerals are usually inserted together in a mutual layered structure (as shown in figures 1 and 2) in the geological mineralization process, and the two minerals need to be stripped and dissociated in the subsequent purification process to obtain the graphite concentrate with higher purity.
The larger the graphite flake is, the better the physical, chemical and mechanical properties are, the higher the utilization value is, and the graphite flake is widely applied to the fields of metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, medical treatment, nuclear industry, national defense and the like. The price of the raw material of the large-scale graphite (more than 100 meshes) is 2-4 times that of the raw material of the fine-scale graphite (less than 100 meshes), and the protection of the large-scale graphite is a special requirement of graphite ore dressing relative to other mineral dressing. In order to solve the current situation, the invention patent with the publication number ZL201711042004.6 discloses a crystalline graphite flake protection and separation method, raw ore is subjected to closed circuit crushing through a high-pressure roller mill and then subjected to flotation of 'first-stage roughing, first-stage fine separation and first-stage scavenging' to obtain rough concentrate, the rough concentrate is subjected to quality classification and then is subjected to distinguishing regrinding and re-separation, and the principle process can be used for separating various types of graphite ore. The crushing principle of the high-pressure roller mill is material layer crushing, the crushing dissociation effect aiming at the unique embedding structure which is inserted into the graphite and mica in a layered mode is poor, the yield of low-grade middlings at the front section of quality separation is high, the low-grade middlings are not further effectively processed and then are accumulated into tailings to be discharged, the fixed carbon content of the tailings is greatly improved, and the overall recovery rate of graphite concentrate is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-grade middling sorting method for graphite ore, which reduces the fixed carbon content in final tailings, improves the recovery rate of final concentrate, performs regrinding flotation on low-grade middling, effectively realizes the dissociation of graphite minerals and mica minerals, discharges a large amount of gangue minerals as early as possible, optimizes the overall flotation environment, and greatly shortens the quality sorting operation flow.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a low-grade middling separation method for graphite ore comprises the following steps:
(1) the raw ore is subjected to closed-loop crushing by a high-pressure roller mill, the crushed product reaching the required granularity enters a first-stage rough separation, a first-stage fine separation and a first-stage scavenging, and the crushed product not reaching the requirement returns to the high-pressure roller mill;
(2) in the step (1), first-stage concentration is carried out to obtain concentrated concentrate and concentrated tailings, first-stage scavenging is carried out to obtain scavenged concentrate and scavenged tailings, the concentrated tailings and the scavenged concentrate are combined into low-grade middlings, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground and then subjected to secondary flotation to obtain recleaning tailings and recleaning concentrate, and the recleaning tailings and the scavenged tailings are combined into final tailings;
(3) and (3) merging the concentrated concentrate and the recleaning concentrate in the step (2) and then performing quality separation to obtain coarse low-quality product concentrate and fine high-quality product concentrate.
Further, in the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the low-grade middlings is 5% -20%, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground, and the content of ground ore with the granularity of-0.15 mm is 60% -85%.
Further, in the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the recleaning tailings is 0.5% -1%, and the fixed carbon content of the recleaning concentrate is 30% -40%.
Further, in the step (1), a high-pressure roller mill performs closed-loop screening, and the size of a sieve pore is controlled to be 1-3 mm.
Further, in the step (2), a sand mill, a tower mill or a stripping machine is adopted for stirring and grinding the ore.
Further, the raw ore is graphite ore in which graphite mineral and mica mineral are layered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the separation method, the fixed carbon content in the final tailings is reduced, the recovery rate of the final concentrate is up to more than 90%, and the recovery rate is improved by more than 10% compared with the conventional separation method. As the total recovery rate of the concentrate is improved, the recovery rate of the concentrate with the diameter of +0.15mm is also correspondingly improved by more than 4 percent. By adopting the separation method, the low-grade middlings are reground and recleaning, and the grinding method mainly based on grinding and stripping is adopted, so that the graphite minerals and the mica minerals are dissociated as much as possible, the graphite minerals in the graphite flake structure can be protected, the dissociation of the graphite minerals and the mica minerals is effectively realized, a large amount of gangue minerals are discharged as early as possible, the integral flotation environment is optimized, and the quality-based separation operation flow is greatly shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph (single polarization) of the interlayer structure of graphite and mica in the flake;
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph (cross-polarized light) of graphite and mica in flakes in a layered structure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph (single polarization) of muscovite and quartz of some flake graphite ore in Heilongjiang He gang city;
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph (cross-polarized light) of muscovite and quartz of some flake graphite ore in Heilongjiang He gang city;
FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph (cross-polarized light) showing that graphite and muscovite of certain flake graphite ore in Heilongjiang Hegang city are in mutual layered symbiosis;
FIG. 7 is a sorting flow chart according to the first embodiment;
fig. 8 is a flow chart of a conventional lamination pulverization-sorting process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, a low-grade middling separation method for graphite ore comprises the following steps:
(1) graphite ore with layered graphite minerals and mica minerals is used as raw ore, the raw ore is subjected to closed-loop grinding by a high-pressure roller mill, and ground products reaching the required granularity enter a 'first-stage rough separation, a first-stage fine separation and a first-stage scavenging', and return to the high-pressure roller mill when the ground products do not reach the required granularity;
(2) in the step (1), first-stage concentration is carried out to obtain concentrated concentrate and concentrated tailings, first-stage scavenging is carried out to obtain scavenged concentrate and scavenged tailings, the concentrated tailings and the scavenged concentrate are combined into low-grade middlings, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground and then are separated again to obtain recleaning tailings and recleaning concentrate, and the recleaning tailings and the scavenged tailings are combined into final tailings;
(3) And (3) merging the concentrated concentrate and the recleaning concentrate in the step (2) and then performing quality separation to obtain coarse low-quality product concentrate and fine high-quality product concentrate. The quality separation operation is to combine the selected concentrate and the recleaning concentrate and then perform the quality separation operation, the quality separation operation is performed by using a spiral quality separator disclosed in Chinese patent CN201910194481.7, and the quality separation operation method is the same as the quality separation operation method in the step (2) of the fine quality separation method for coarse concentrate in crystal graphite flotation disclosed in Chinese patent CN201910195147.3, so as to obtain coarse low-quality product concentrate and fine high-quality product concentrate, as shown in figure 7, the coarse low-quality product concentrate is subjected to multi-section regrinding and refloating operation to obtain concentrate 1, and the fine high-quality product concentrate is subjected to multi-section regrinding and refloating operation to obtain concentrate 2.
In the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the low-grade middlings is 5% -20%, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground, the content of the ground ore granularity of-0.15 mm is 60% -85%, and the ground ore granularity is determined by the complexity of the mutual layering of the graphite minerals and the mica minerals in the raw ores through tests.
In the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the recleaning tailings is 0.5% -1%, and the fixed carbon content of the recleaning concentrate is 30% -40%.
In the step (1), the high-pressure roller mill is used for closed-loop screening, and the size of a sieve pore is controlled to be 1-3 mm.
In the step (2), a sand mill, a tower mill or a stripping machine is adopted for stirring and grinding the ore. The grinding method mainly comprising grinding and peeling is adopted, so that the graphite mineral and the mica mineral are dissociated as much as possible, and the graphite mineral in the graphite flake structure can be protected.
The chemical multi-element analysis result of the raw ore is shown in table 1, and the mineral composition is shown in table 2. The fixed carbon content of the raw graphite ore is 13.39 percent, and K2The content of O (characteristic element of mica mineral) is high and is 2.94%. The valuable mineral is graphite mineral with mineral content of 18.24%, the main gangue mineral is quartz and mica mineral, the quartz mineral content accounts for 51.39%, and the mica mineral (containing muscovite, biotite and phlogopite) accounts for 19.18%.
TABLE 1 analysis of chemical multielement analysis of certain scale graphite ore of Heilongjiang
Element(s) Fixed carbon SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO K2O
Content/% 13.39 65.05 9.86 0.60 1.22 2.94
Element(s) Na2O Fe2O3 S P Others -
Content/% 0.25 6.22 0.38 0.07 0.02 -
Table 2 main mineral content in raw ore (%)
Graphite (II) Quartz crystal White mica Biotite Phlogopite mica Limonite Potassium feldspar
18.24 51.39 16.3 1.85 1.03 8.46 8.32
Kaolinite Jarosite Tremolite Plagioclase feldspar Rutile type Horniness amphibole Garnet
4.83 2.17 0.51 0.72 0.58 0.36 0.21
Serpentine stone Silica line stone Pyrite Calcite
0.25 0.34 0.18 0.43
As shown in fig. 4-6, the embedment characteristics of each of the major minerals are as follows:
Graphite: the flake graphite is earthy yellow and light brown under reflected light, has a flaky structure, is mixed with muscovite among most of the sheet layers, is intergrown with the muscovite in an interlayer structure, and integrally presents a large-size scale graphite intergrowth. The crystal form of the graphite flake is well developed, and the local part can be seen with fold bending and kinking deformation. The whole has weak directionality. The contact boundary with quartz, muscovite, etc. is relatively straight.
Quartz: the particles have a granular structure, are colorless under single polarization, have cracks, and are coated with muscovite and other extremely fine impurities. The inclusions are in a large number and have a very small size, so that the surface of the quartz particles as a whole looks dirty.
White mica: the self-shaped sheet structure is colorless under single polarization, has obvious multicolor, and can be seen in light yellow and light purple. Cleavage and development, marked by sudden and prominent in the middle. The crystal can see bright second-level to third-level interference colors under orthogonal polarization, is nearly parallel to extinction, and is in interlamination embedding symbiosis with the graphite flakes.
As the raw ore has high quartz and mica mineral contents, in the whole process of the separation method, water glass is selected as an inhibitor and a dispersant of silicate minerals, the total dosage is 1500g/t, kerosene is selected as a collector of graphite minerals, the total dosage is 280g/t, No. 2 oil is selected as a foaming agent, and the total dosage is 130 g/t.
Example one
The raw ore is separated by adopting the low-grade middling separation method for the graphite ore, the test flow is shown in figure 7, and in the step (2), a tower mill is used for stirring and grinding the low-grade middling, and the grinding granularity of 0.15mm accounts for 83%. And (3) performing three-stage regrinding and three-time flotation on the low-quality coarse-grain product (short for coarse-grain low product) subjected to quality classification in the step (3) to obtain concentrate 1, performing four-stage regrinding and four-time flotation on the high-quality fine-grain product (short for fine-grain high product) subjected to quality classification to obtain concentrate 2, wherein the separation result is shown in table 3, the fixed carbon content in the final tailings is reduced to 0.87%, the concentrate 1 and the concentrate 2 are final concentrates, and the recovery rate of the final concentrates is 94.32%.
The yield of the low-grade middlings after the combination of the concentration tailings and the scavenging concentrates is 17.56 percent, and the fixed carbon content is 17.81 percent. The recleaning result of the low-grade middlings is shown in table 4 in detail, the fixed carbon content of the recleaning concentrate is 38.33%, the fixed carbon content of the recleaning tailings is 0.73%, and the recleaning result is better than that of the final tailings.
TABLE 3 results of the sorting method of the invention
Product name Yield/%) Fixed carbon content/%) Percent recovery%
Concentrate 1 4.53 94.18 31.97
Concentrate 2 8.79 94.66 62.35
Final tailings 86.68 0.87 5.68
Raw ore 100 13.34 100.00
TABLE 4 results of low-grade middlings recleaning
Product name Job yield/%) Fixed carbon content/%) Work recovery rate/%)
Recleaning concentrate 45.42 38.33 97.76
Recleaning tailings 54.58 0.73 2.24
Low grade middlings 100 17.81 100.00
Comparative example 1
The ore was sorted using conventional lamination crushing-mass separation techniques, and the experimental procedure is shown in figure 8. The classified coarse grain low-grade part is reground for five times and recleaning for five times to obtain concentrate 1, the classified fine grain high-grade part is reground for six times and recleaning for six times to obtain concentrate 2, and the sorting result is shown in table 5. The fixed carbon content in the final tailings was 2.54% and the recovery of the final concentrate (concentrate 1+ concentrate 2) was 83.17%, with a 28.10% recovery of +0.15mm concentrate.
The yield of the low-grade middlings obtained by combining the concentration tailings and the scavenging concentrates is 38.23%, the fixed carbon content is 19.85%, and the high fixed carbon content of the final tailings is caused by the large circulating accumulation of the low-grade middlings, so that the concentration and separation process is complex.
TABLE 5 conventional lamination crush-mass separation results Table
Product name Yield/%) Fixed carbon content/%) Percent recovery%
Concentrate 1 3.79 94.05 26.76
Concentrate 2 7.93 94.77 56.41
Final tailings 88.28 2.54 16.83
Raw ore 100 13.32 100.00
As can be seen from the first example and the first comparative example, with the separation method of the present invention, the fixed carbon content in the final tailings is reduced to 0.87%, the fixed carbon content of concentrate 1 and concentrate 2 is not changed much, but the recovery rate of the final concentrate (concentrate 1+ concentrate 2) is 94.32%, which is increased by 11.15% compared to the conventional separation method of the first comparative example. As the total recovery rate of the concentrate is improved, the recovery rate of the concentrate with the diameter of +0.15mm is correspondingly improved by 4.23 percent and reaches 32.33 percent. By adopting the separation method, because the low-grade middlings are reground and re-separated, the dissociation of graphite minerals and mica minerals is effectively realized, a large amount of gangue minerals are discharged as early as possible, the integral flotation environment is optimized, and the quality-based separation operation flow is greatly shortened.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. The low-grade middling separation method of the graphite ore is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) the raw ore is subjected to closed-loop crushing by a high-pressure roller mill, the crushed product reaching the required granularity enters a first-stage rough separation, a first-stage fine separation and a first-stage scavenging, and the crushed product not reaching the requirement returns to the high-pressure roller mill;
(2) in the step (1), first-stage concentration is carried out to obtain concentrated concentrate and concentrated tailings, first-stage scavenging is carried out to obtain scavenged concentrate and scavenged tailings, the concentrated tailings and the scavenged concentrate are combined into low-grade middlings, the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground and then subjected to secondary flotation to obtain recleaning tailings and recleaning concentrate, and the recleaning tailings and the scavenged tailings are combined into final tailings;
(3) and (3) merging the concentrated concentrate and the recleaning concentrate in the step (2) and then performing quality separation to obtain coarse low-quality product concentrate and fine high-quality product concentrate.
2. The low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the raw ore is graphite ore with layered graphite mineral and mica mineral.
3. The low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the low-grade middlings is 5% -20%, and the low-grade middlings are stirred and ground, wherein the content of ground ore granularity of-0.15 mm is 60% -85%.
4. The low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the fixed carbon content of the recleaning tailings is 0.5% -1%, and the fixed carbon content of the recleaning concentrate is 30% -40%.
5. The low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (1), the high-pressure roller mill is used for closed-loop screening, and the size of a sieve pore is controlled to be 1-3 mm.
6. The low-grade middling separation method of graphite ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), a sand mill, a tower mill or a stripping machine is adopted for stirring and grinding the ore.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113042178A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-29 山东域潇锆钛矿业股份有限公司 Titanium ore dressing and screening process
CN113182062A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-07-30 山东理工大学 Method for flotation of flake graphite ore

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CN107739029A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-02-27 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所 Crystalline graphite flake protection and quality separation method
CN109926195A (en) * 2019-03-14 2019-06-25 中国地质科学院郑州矿产综合利用研究所 Fine quality grading method for coarse flotation concentrate of crystalline graphite
CN110813519A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-02-21 郑州大学 Method for protecting crystalline graphite flakes by improving mineral separation process of graphite ore

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US4496533A (en) * 1982-11-03 1985-01-29 Atlantic Richfield Company Process for purifying graphite
CN102773152A (en) * 2012-07-13 2012-11-14 四川领航石墨制品有限公司 Fine flaky-cryptocrystalline mixed graphite separation technique
CN106513164A (en) * 2016-11-09 2017-03-22 金建工程设计有限公司 Large-scale crystalline graphite ore flotation fast selecting agent and flotation technology
CN107537696A (en) * 2017-08-14 2018-01-05 武汉理工大学 A kind of Fine particle processing direct reverse flotation purifying technique
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113042178A (en) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-29 山东域潇锆钛矿业股份有限公司 Titanium ore dressing and screening process
CN113182062A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-07-30 山东理工大学 Method for flotation of flake graphite ore

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