CN111836865A - 胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带 - Google Patents

胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带 Download PDF

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CN111836865A
CN111836865A CN201980018553.0A CN201980018553A CN111836865A CN 111836865 A CN111836865 A CN 111836865A CN 201980018553 A CN201980018553 A CN 201980018553A CN 111836865 A CN111836865 A CN 111836865A
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adhesive tape
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T·利尔曼
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Certoplast Technische Klebebander GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆(1)的卷缠带，其具有带状的织物载体(2、3)，所述织物载体至少具有由纺织物制成的第一层(2)和由无纺布制成的第二层(3)，这两个层相互通过聚合物层(4)和/或通过穿过所述两个层(2、3)的纱线相互耦联；并且所述胶粘带具有施加到载体(2、3)的至少一个侧面上的粘合层(5)，其特征在于，所述无纺布由芳族聚酰胺制成。

Description

胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带，其具有带状的织物载体，该织物载体至少包括由纺织物制成的第一层和由无纺布制成的第二层，这两个层相互通过聚合物层和/或通过穿过两个层的纱线相互耦联，并且所述胶粘带具有被施加到载体的至少一侧上的粘合层。
背景技术
胶粘带以及尤其是用于包覆汽车的卷缠带必须满足各种不同的并且有时是相互矛盾的要求。因此，对于这种胶粘带典型地要求相对于例如油或者汽油的高的介质耐受性。此外需要更高的例如在负50℃、尤其是负40℃直至正150℃以及更高温度的范围内的温度耐受性。此外，通常认为降噪特性是有利的，尤其是以避免在装配状态中发出嘎嘎响声。此外，在大多数情况下也期望这样进行简单处理，使得相关胶粘带能够用手撕除。
近年来对相关胶粘带提出了越来越高的机械要求。因此，例如在有磨擦应力的情况下磨损不应过大，以保护相应被卷绕的线缆不受损坏。此外，如今出现越来越多的要求，使得要求胶粘带具有更高的抗切削强度或者抗冲击强度。这可以归因于，相关胶粘带通常应当代替例如软管护套保护馈电线以免断裂。
例如对于如下情况会产生这种类型的要求：配备有这种胶粘带的机动车辆受到碰撞、尤其是受到侧面碰撞。在此存在例如通向门锁的馈电线被切断或者至少受到损坏的危险。
其后果是，相关门锁通常可能无法再打开。于是这也适用于配设的机动车门，这例如使得到达的救援人员更难以施救。迄今在这方面还没有行之有效的解决方案可用。
因此，最新的并且符合此类型的根据EP 1 911 824 B2的现有技术虽然整体上涉及一种具有两层织物载体的线缆卷缠带。第一织物层是纺织物。第二织物层构成为无纺布。就无纺布来说设计为缝编无纺布。这两个织物层通过丙烯酸酯粘合剂相互连接。
第一织物层的纺织物和/或第二织物层的无纺布能够整体上由聚酰胺材料和/或聚酯材料制成。由于无纺布设计为缝编无纺布，因此虽然提供了更高的抗拉强度。但是这种类型的无纺布始终不是特别抗冲击或者抗切削。在此应当注意的是，前述胶粘带在装配状态中配备有指向外部的纺织物，而将粘合层施加到无纺布上。
类似的胶粘带是WO 2005/085379 A1的主题。在这里再次为绑扎线束提供一种高度耐磨损并且降噪的带。配设的载体具有第一覆盖层和第二覆盖层，这些覆盖层借助另外的中间层在整个面上固定地相互连接。第一覆盖层能够构成为纺织物。与此相对地，第二覆盖层是天鹅绒、稀松布、纺织物或者针织物，即整体上不使用无纺布。相反，无纺布能够在已知的教导中作为中间层使用。
最后还须考虑的根据WO 2009/086570 A1的现有技术整体上涉及一种保护装置，该保护装置同样构造具有由机械保护层、聚合物连接层和粘合层组成的复合结构。机械保护层可以是无纺布。在此原则上也能够使用高强度有机纤维，例如芳族聚酰胺。但是缺少由纺织物制成的附加层。
发明内容
本发明的技术问题在于，进一步开发一种胶粘带和尤其是开头所述结构的用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带，使得在始终保持高耐磨损性的情况下整体上相对于已知的实施方式提高抗穿刺强度或者说抗冲击强度。
为了解决该技术问题，在本发明的范畴内的符合此类型的胶粘带和尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带的特征在于，所述无纺布由芳族聚酰胺制成。
实际上在本发明的范畴内已表明特别有利的是，为制造无纺布使用特殊的聚酰胺，即芳族聚酰胺。在此是指如下的聚酰胺，在所述聚酰胺的情况下，酰胺基团连接到芳族基团上。这种芳族聚酰胺例如以“Kevlar”亦或“Twaron”的商品名出售并且原则上是可购得的。
实际上，所述用于制造无纺布或者说由无纺布组成的第二层的相关芳族聚酰胺的特征在于，它们具有高强度并且也具有高的冲击韧性以及断裂伸长率。其结果是，基于芳族聚酰胺的第二层或者说无纺布层通常用于，在根据本发明的胶粘带的情况下能够吸收可能的冲击或者切削应力。为此目的，一般将由无纺布制成的第二层在装配状态下设置成指向内部。也就是说，只要胶粘带被用作用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带，相关线缆的设计和设置就这样选择，使得由无纺布制成的第二层在卷绕线缆的状态中指向内部。为此目的，第二层或者说无纺布也配备有必要的粘合层，以确保根据本发明的胶粘带附着在线缆上。
与此相对地，由纺织物制成的第一层一般朝外定向。由此，对根据本发明的胶粘带在装配状态中的切削性或者冲击性加载首先作用到纺织物上并且紧接着才作用到由无纺布制成的第二层和在这里设置的由芳族聚酰胺制成的纤维上。可预计其结果是，纺织物由于其指向外部的设置而毫无问题地吸收可能的磨擦应力。然后借助设置在其下方的无纺布特别有效地吸收附加的切削应力或者冲击应力。这是因为所使用的由芳族聚酰胺制成的纤维首先确保减小无纺布层内部的可能的冲击应力。此外，可能的切削或者切削应力由相关的无纺布基于单个纤维的高抗拉强度和韧性毫无问题地吸收。此外，无纺布同时降低可能的噪音。
在装配状态中指向外部的由纺织物制成的层确保额外需要的耐磨性。为此目的，纺织物通常具有由聚酰胺(PA)和/或聚酯(PET)制成的纱线。组合也是可以考虑的。由这种类型的纱线制成的纺织物特别耐磨，如例如前述的EP 1 911 824B2所表明的那样。实际上，对于根据本发明的胶粘带而言，以这种方式至少能够实现根据LV 312的C级耐磨性的平均耐磨性。通常情况下甚至观察到相当于D级的高磨损保护，有时甚至还更高可达E级。
在此，纺织物的纱线典型地具有至少100dtex的纤度。大多数情况下甚至观察到150dtex及以上的纤度。相关纺织物中的经纱和纬纱的数量可以为5根/厘米、高达60根/厘米或者甚至高达80根/厘米。此外典型地使用相同强度的经纱和纬纱制造。也就是说，明显不需要按照例如根据EP 2 322 385 A1的现有技术使用比经纱厚得多的纬纱。相反，具有纺织物和由芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的无纺布的双层结构组合式地确保，不仅满足根据LV 312-3(2009)的抗冲击强度的要求，而且也观察到根据LV 312-1(2009)的C级和尤其是D级以及更高的耐磨性。
所使用的无纺布有利地是机械加固的针刺无纺布。为此目的能够将无纺布通过水刺和/或风刺和/或针刺机械加固。即本发明有意识地放弃使用如在EP 1 911 824 B2的范畴内被视为不可或缺的缝编无纺布。
由于已表明，缝编无纺布在纵向方向上具有高抗拉强度。但是这种类型的材料在根据本发明的复合结构中既不是必需的，也不是必要的，因此使得能够省去缝编无纺布的附加步骤并且因此能够简化并且成本有利地进行加工。这是因为通过水刺和/或针刺机械加固的无纺布能够特别简单且成本有利地制造。在此，根据本发明的胶粘带所需的抗拉强度和和断裂强度整体上通过介于无纺布和纺织物之间的组合效果得出。
织物载体一般具有50g/m2直至500g/m2的单位面积重量。在此，不仅纺织物、而且无纺布也能够分别具有50g/m2至200g/m2的单位面积重量。粘合涂层一般具有50g/m2至150g/m2的克重。
结果是因此提供如下胶粘带，其不仅满足在温度耐受性和介质耐受性方面的典型要求。而且此外，由纺织物和无纺布构成的双层结构在符合规定地用作用于包覆汽车中的线缆的卷缠带的情况下确保降噪效果。在此，原则上能够将胶粘带作为纵向护套缠绕在相关线缆上。但是通常这样进行，使得胶粘带盘绕或者螺旋状地以指向线缆方向的粘合涂层卷绕在相关线缆上。
其结果是，由无纺布制成的第二层指向内部。由于无纺布由芳族聚酰胺或者说相应的芳族聚酰胺纤维制成，因此尤其是提供高的抗冲击强度和抗切削强度。与此相对处在其上方的纺织物附加地有助于提高耐磨性。用于实现载体的附加层虽然不是必需的，但却是可行的。也就是说，带状载体通常最终具有由纺织物制成的第一层和由无纺布制成的第二层。
所述无纺布通常可以是如下织物，在所述织物的情况下使用长度有限的纤维，即切段纤维。但是此外也能够用连续纤维或者说长丝加工。通常情况下使用纤维无纺布，即由短纤维构成的这种无纺布。纤维是机械针刺而成的，确切地说是通过针刺、风刺或者通过水刺。由此为相关无纺布或者说由无纺布制成的第二层配备必要的机械稳定性。
附图说明
下面根据仅示出一个实施例的附图更详细地阐述本发明，附图如下：
图1示出根据本发明的第一变型方案中的胶粘带；以及
图2示出根据本发明的、优选的第二实施方式中的胶粘带。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的用于包覆汽车中的线缆1的胶粘带或者说卷缠带是如下的胶粘带，其首先配备有带状的织物载体2、3。该带状的织物载体2、3包括由纺织物(Gewebe)制成的第一层2和由无纺布制成的第二层3。所述两层2、3根据本实施例通过将这两层2、3全表面地相互耦联的聚合物层4相互固定地连接。聚合物层4可以是粘合剂层。作为替选或者作为附加，也能够将所述两层2、3通过纱线相互耦联，所述纱线类似于在缝编无纺布的情况下的缝线穿过所述两层2、3。此外还设置有粘合层5，该粘合层施加到载体3、4的至少一个侧面上。
根据图1中的实施例，粘合层5处在第一层或者说纺织物上。因此，纺织物连同处于其上的粘合层5向内朝向要包覆的线缆1定向。与此相对地，由无纺布制成的第二层3在图1中示出的装配状态中指向外部。在图2中的优选的变型方案中相反地设置。在这里，由无纺布制成的第二层3配备有粘合层5。因此，由无纺布制成的第二层3在装配状态中向内指向线缆1。由纺织物制成的第二层2在此优选的情况下在装配状态中指向外部地定向。
无论哪种方式，无纺布或者说由无纺布制成的第二层3整体上由芳族聚酰胺制成。在此，实际上使用由相关芳族聚酰胺制成的纤维、尤其是芳族聚酰胺纤维。无纺布或者说由无纺布制成的第二层3整体上构成为机械加固的针刺无纺布。为此，无纺布能够通过水刺或者针刺机械加固。
第一层2或者说在此使用的纺织物是如下纺织物，在所述纺织物的情况下，经纱和纬纱由聚酰胺和/或聚酯制成。在此，经纱和纬纱的纤度可能分别相同地设计。在这里典型地用纤度大于100dtex的经纱和纬纱加工。
载体2、3在整体上配备有50g/m2至500g/m2的单位面积重量。此外，载体2、3或者说胶粘带整体上具有根据LV312至少为C级的耐磨性。通常观察到至少为D级的耐磨性。作为附加，载体2、3并且因此胶粘带整体上也还根据LV312的规定抗冲击地构造。
粘合涂层5一般以在50g/m2至150g/m2之间的克重施加到第一层2或者说纺织物上。在这里已表明常见的热熔胶、例如丙烯酸系热熔胶是特别有利的，其示例性地能够通过喷嘴施加方法施加到相关的由纺织物制成的第一层2上。

Claims (10)

1.胶粘带、尤其是用于包覆汽车中的线缆(1)的卷缠带，所述胶粘带具有带状的织物载体(2、3)，所述织物载体至少包括由纺织物制成的第一层(2)和由无纺布制成的第二层(3)，这两个层相互通过聚合物层(4)和/或通过穿过所述两个层(2、3)的纱线相互耦联；并且所述胶粘带具有施加到载体(2、3)的至少一个侧面上的粘合层(5)，其特征在于，所述无纺布由芳族聚酰胺制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，由无纺布制成的第二层(3)配备有所述粘合层(5)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，由无纺布制成的第二层(3)在装配状态中指向内部。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述无纺布构成为机械加固的针刺无纺布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述无纺布通过水刺和/或风刺和/或针刺机械加固。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述纺织物具有由聚酰胺和/或聚酯制成的纱线。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述载体(2、3)具有50g/m2至500g/m2的单位面积重量。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述胶粘带具有根据LV312至少为C级、尤其是D级的耐磨性并且附加地根据LV312抗冲击地构造。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述纺织物和无纺布分别具有50g/m2至200g/m2的单位面积重量。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述粘合涂层以在50g/m2至150g/m2之间的克重施加到载体(2、3)上。
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