CN111835204A - Zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method and converter of resonant double-active bridge - Google Patents

Zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method and converter of resonant double-active bridge Download PDF

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CN111835204A
CN111835204A CN202010738055.8A CN202010738055A CN111835204A CN 111835204 A CN111835204 A CN 111835204A CN 202010738055 A CN202010738055 A CN 202010738055A CN 111835204 A CN111835204 A CN 111835204A
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bridge
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modulation method
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CN111835204B (en
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陈更新
曼苏乐
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Jiangsu Haneryuan Intelligent Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The invention relates to a zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method of a resonant double-active bridge, wherein a resonant double-active bridge inverter comprises a direct-current side bridge structure, a resonant cavity and an alternating-current side bridge structure. Compared with the prior art, the invention completely eliminates the backflow power by using the interrupted current mode, and can realize soft switching on all switches. Therefore, the switching loss and the conduction loss are reduced, and the power transmission efficiency can be greatly improved.

Description

Zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method and converter of resonant double-active bridge
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power conversion, in particular to a zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method and a converter of a resonant double-active bridge.
Background
With the development of new energy power generation, distributed power generation, smart grid and other technologies, the dc-ac power conversion has more and more application scenes, and the dc-ac power conversion equipment is most commonly used at present. In order to improve power density and reduce switching loss and conduction loss, LC series resonance is introduced into a dual-active-bridge power converter to form a resonant dual-active-bridge inverter. Because the voltage polarity of the alternating current side can be changed, the common direct current-direct current power converter can generate reverse short circuit and cannot be directly applied to an alternating current system. For power converters designed specifically for dc-ac conversion, previous modulation methods typically use return power to regulate power transfer due to the large variation in instantaneous power on the ac side. However, this results in higher conduction losses, reducing the efficiency of power transfer. In addition, many modulation methods use hard switching techniques, which result in higher switching losses, again reducing power transfer efficiency.
A conventional dc-ac half-bridge power converter topology is shown in fig. 1. The direct current side uses a capacitor for voltage stabilization and is connected with a full-bridge structure, and the output voltage of the full-bridge is connected to the input port of the high-frequency transformer. The turn ratio of the high-frequency transformer is 1: n. The resonant cavity is formed by connecting an inductor L and a capacitor C in series and is connected between the input end of the high-frequency transformer and the full bridge. The output port of the high frequency transformer is finally connected to the ac side through the half bridge. The AC side is stabilized by two capacitors connected in series. For the above topology, the conventional modulation method is fundamental wave modulation. In this method, the switching frequencies of the full bridge and the half bridge are both fr, where fr represents the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity, and can be calculated by the following formula. The duty ratio of the signal generated by the full bridge is d, the half bridge generates square waves, and the centers of the waveforms generated by the full bridge and the half bridge are aligned. The half-bridge output voltage is adjusted by changing the duty cycle of the full-bridge. The fundamental wave modulates the signal and current voltage waveforms in one switching cycle as shown in fig. 2. Each switch is controlled by a switch signal in one period, so that the full-bridge output voltage u can be controlled1=0,u1=U1Or u1=-U1The half-bridge on the AC side can output a voltage u2=U2A/2 or u2=-U2/2. At the resonance frequency, the impedance of the cavity is zero, so that the voltage u is present across it1And u2The amplitude of the fundamental wave at the primary side of the high-frequency transformer automatically reaches an equal value. Their fundamental amplitudes are:
Figure BDA0002605824150000021
Figure BDA0002605824150000022
the duty ratio and the output voltage U can be obtained2The relationship of (1):
Figure BDA0002605824150000023
a conventional dc-ac full bridge power converter topology is shown in fig. 3. The ac side half bridge is replaced with a full bridge configuration, similar to the half bridge power converter described above. The direct current side uses a capacitor for voltage stabilization and is connected with a full-bridge structure, and the output voltage of the full-bridge is connected to the input port of the high-frequency transformer. The turn ratio of the high-frequency transformer is 1: n. The resonant cavity is formed by connecting an inductor L and a capacitor C in series and is connected between the input end of the high-frequency transformer and the direct-current side full bridge. The output port of the high-frequency transformer is finally connected to the alternating-current side bus through the alternating-current side full bridge. The alternating current side bus is stabilized through two capacitors connected in series. In a dc-ac full bridge power converter using single phase shift control, the switching signals and waveforms are shown in fig. 4. Compared to a half-bridge configuration, a full-bridge configuration has more switches and therefore requires more control signals. The full bridge on the DC side can output a voltage u1=0,u1=U1Or u1=-U1The half-bridge on the AC side can output a voltage u2=U2Or u2=-U2. At the resonance frequency, the impedance of the cavity is zero, so that the voltage u is present across it1And u2The amplitude of the fundamental wave at the primary side of the high-frequency transformer automatically reaches an equal value. Their fundamental amplitudes are:
Figure BDA0002605824150000024
Figure BDA0002605824150000025
the duty ratio and the output voltage U can be obtained2The relationship of (1):
Figure BDA0002605824150000026
the above-described prior modulation generates a backflow power during operation. As shown in fig. 2 and 4, at the beginning of the switching cycle, the voltage on the dc side is positive, but the current is negative, and power flows from the ac side to the dc side in the opposite direction to the overall power flow. The return current is particularly significant under low power operating conditions. In the operation process of the direct current-alternating current conversion, the instantaneous power is changed continuously, and the low-power state can be kept for a long time near the alternating current zero crossing point, so that the comprehensive power transmission efficiency of fundamental wave modulation or single phase shift control is low.
In addition, at the instant when the full-bridge and half-bridge are turned off or at the instant when the full-bridge is judged on both sides, current flows in the forward direction through the switch tube, which results in hard switching of the switching process. Hard switching causes high switching loss, and may cause current and voltage oscillation during switching, resulting in overvoltage or overcurrent to damage the switching tube.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation method and a zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation converter of a resonant double-active bridge, so that the power transfer efficiency is effectively improved.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
in the method, the turn-on time of a plurality of switches of the direct current side bridge type structure has set time difference, and half of the switches of the alternating current side bridge type structure are in a turn-off state and the other half of the switches of the alternating current side bridge type structure are in a turn-on state in a positive half period and a negative half period respectively.
Further, the frequency of the control signal of the direct current side bridge structure and the frequency of the control signal of the alternating current side bridge structure are resonance frequencies, and the rising edges are aligned.
Further, the set time difference is obtained based on a duty ratio d determined by a relationship between the ac/dc voltage and the output current.
Further, when the ac-side bridge structure is a half-bridge structure, the expression of the duty ratio d is:
Figure BDA0002605824150000031
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
Further, when the ac-side bridge structure is a half-bridge structure, the maximum value of the duty ratio d is:
Figure BDA0002605824150000032
further, when the ac-side bridge structure is a full-bridge structure, the expression of the duty ratio d is as follows:
Figure BDA0002605824150000033
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
Further, when the ac-side bridge structure is a full-bridge structure, the maximum value of the duty ratio d is:
Figure BDA0002605824150000034
the invention also provides a DC-AC half-bridge power converter which is modulated by the modulation method.
The invention also provides a DC-AC full-bridge power converter which is modulated by the modulation method.
The invention also provides a power converter which is modulated by the modulation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the method, the starting time of a plurality of switches of the direct current side bridge type structure has set time difference, so that the current is in a discontinuous conduction state in one switching period, and in an intermittent conduction mode, the current can keep zero current for a period of time after reaching zero, and is not conducted in the period of time, and the backflow power can be completely eliminated.
2. The method can realize soft switching on all switches, so that the current is reduced to zero firstly and then slowly increased to a relay state value for a long time, and the inductive current is zero at the beginning and the end of each half cycle, thereby reducing the switching loss and the conduction loss, being approximate to zero, and greatly improving the power transfer efficiency.
3. The invention designs the calculation of the duty ratio and ensures the stable operation range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a DC-AC half-bridge power converter topology;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of switching signals and waveforms for a DC-AC half-bridge power converter under fundamental modulation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC-AC full bridge power converter topology;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of switching signals and waveforms of a DC-AC full bridge power converter under single phase shift modulation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of switching signals and waveforms of a DC-AC half-bridge power converter under the modulation method of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of switching signals and waveforms of the dc-ac full bridge power converter under the modulation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Key terms and their definitions
Resonant dual active bridge: an isolated power conversion device is composed of two bridge structures, a resonant cavity and a high-frequency transformer. The resonant cavity is formed by connecting an inductor and a capacitor in series.
An inverter: a power conversion device for converting DC power to AC power.
Discontinuous conduction mode: during one switching cycle, the current is not continuously on. In discontinuous conduction mode, the current remains zero after it reaches zero for a period of time during which it is non-conducting.
And (3) refluxing current: during a switching cycle of dual active bridge operation, there is a portion of current flow that is opposite in polarity to the voltage.
Reflux power: since the polarity of the return current is opposite to the voltage, the instantaneous power is negative, which is called return power. The return power will result in a reduction of the total power transmitted.
Hard switching: the current or voltage of the switching device (MOSFET or IGBT) rises to the off-state value first and the voltage or current drops to zero again. During this time there is a period of time during which both voltage and current are large and therefore high switching losses occur.
Soft switching: one technique to reduce the switching losses of a switching device (MOSFET or IGBT) is relative to hard switching. Soft switching techniques require that the current or voltage first drop to zero and the voltage or current then slowly rise to an off-state value, so that the switching losses are approximately zero.
The modulation method comprises the following steps: polarity and timing of the power electronics switching signals.
The invention provides a zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method of a resonant double-active bridge, in the method, the turn-on time of a plurality of switches of a direct current side bridge structure has a set time difference, and half of the switches of an alternating current side bridge structure are in a turn-off state and the other half of the switches are in a turn-on state in a positive half period and a negative half period respectively. The method completely eliminates the backflow power by using an interrupted current mode, and can realize soft switching on all switches. Therefore, the switching loss and the conduction loss are reduced, and the power transmission efficiency can be greatly improved.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the modulation method is applied to the dc-ac half-bridge power converter shown in fig. 1, and the four switch on times of the dc-side full bridge have a certain time difference. Wherein, the switch S of the direct current side full bridge1And S2Simultaneously on and off, switch S3And S4Simultaneously on and off, switch S1And S2And switch S3And S4The opening time of (2) has a certain time difference; during the positive half period, the AC side switch S5And S7In the off state, switch S6And S8Are turned on and off simultaneously and are connected with a switch S3And S4The turn-on times are uniform and opposite during the negative half-cycle.
The control signal and voltage current waveforms of the dual active bridge control method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 5. The control signals of the full bridge and the half bridge have a resonance frequency fr and the rising edges are aligned. When operating on a half-bridge topology, the power converter needs to meet the requirement of U when operating1>U2/2. AC voltage U2There are positive and negative polarities, and for different polarities there are different switching signals, but the voltage current waveforms are the same.
Each cycle may be divided into two parts, a positive half cycle and a negative half cycle. From T-0 to T-2 is a positive half cycle and from T-T/2 to T-T is a negative half cycle. The duty ratio of the positive half period and the negative half period is the same, and the amplitudes of the current and the voltage are the same and the polarities are opposite. U is described in detail below2>The working principle of the positive half period under the condition of 0.
During the period from t being 0 to t being dT/2, the output voltage of the direct-current side full bridge is u1=U1The output voltage of the half-bridge on the AC side is u2=U2/2. The voltage across the inductor is uL=U1-U2/2>0, so the current rises from zero. Where d is called duty ratio, and is a control variable, and is changed according to the set difference of the voltage and the output current on two sides.
The DC side full bridge output voltage is changed to u from T-dT/2 to T-T/21When the voltage on the AC side is not changed, the inductance current is caused byThe continuity continues to drop and the capacitor voltage therefore continues to drop. The inductor current before T/2 drops to zero and the capacitor voltage drops to a negative maximum-uc _ max. Due to the switch S5In the off state, the current cannot reversely flow through S5The inductor current cannot continue to drop, and therefore remains at zero current until the end of the positive half cycle. The capacitor voltage is thus held at-uc _ max until the end of the positive half cycle.
The operation of the negative half cycle is similar to that of the positive half cycle, but the polarity is opposite, and the description is omitted.
When operating in a half-bridge topology, the relationship between duty cycle d and ac/dc voltage and output current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002605824150000061
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
To ensure that the inductor current can return to zero within a half cycle, the maximum value of the duty cycle is:
Figure BDA0002605824150000062
the zero-reflux power modulation method can completely eliminate reflux power in a full-load domain, and reduces conduction loss. In addition, at the opening time of each switch, the current flowing through the switch is zero or negative, and the current accords with the soft switching condition, so that the soft switching is realized, and the switching loss is reduced. Therefore, the zero-backflow power modulation method can improve the power transfer efficiency of the DC-AC power converter.
Example 2
The present embodiment applies the above modulation method to the dc-ac full bridge power converter as shown in fig. 3. Wherein, the switch S of the direct current side full bridge1And S2Simultaneously on and off, switch S3And S4Are opened simultaneouslyOff, switch S1And S2And switch S3And S4The opening time of (2) has a certain time difference; during the positive half period, the AC side switch S5、S7、S9And S11In the off state, switch S6、S8、S10And S12Are turned on and off simultaneously and are connected with a switch S3And S4The turn-on times are uniform and opposite during the negative half-cycle.
The control signal and voltage current waveform of the dual active bridge control method of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 6. The power converter needs to meet the requirement of U when working on the full-bridge topology1>U2. AC voltage U2There are positive and negative polarities, and for different polarities there are different switching signals, but the voltage current waveforms are the same.
When operating in the full-bridge topology, the relationship between the duty ratio d and the ac/dc voltage and the output current can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002605824150000071
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
To ensure that the inductor current can return to zero within a half cycle, the maximum value of the duty cycle is:
Figure BDA0002605824150000072
the zero-reflux power modulation method can completely eliminate reflux power in a full-load domain, and reduces conduction loss. In addition, at the opening time of each switch, the current flowing through the switch is zero or negative, and the current accords with the soft switching condition, so that the soft switching is realized, and the switching loss is reduced. Therefore, the zero-backflow power modulation method can improve the power transfer efficiency of the DC-AC power converter.
Example 3
This embodiment provides a conversion device in which a plurality of dc-ac half-bridge power converters or dc-ac full-bridge power converters are connected in parallel or in series, and the modulation methods of embodiments 1 and 2 are adopted to achieve higher current or voltage.
Example 4
This embodiment provides a dc-dc power conversion using the modulation method of embodiment 1 or 2.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A zero-reflux power soft switch modulation method of a resonant double-active bridge is characterized in that in the method, the turn-on time of a plurality of switches of the DC side bridge structure has a set time difference, half of the switches of the AC side bridge structure are in a turn-off state and the other half of the switches of the AC side bridge structure are in a turn-on state in positive and negative half periods respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the control signals of the dc-side bridge structure and the ac-side bridge structure have resonant frequencies and rising edges are aligned.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set time difference is obtained based on a duty ratio d determined by a relationship between an ac/dc voltage and an output current.
4. The zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation method of the resonant dual-active bridge as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the ac-side bridge structure is a half-bridge structure, the expression of the duty ratio d is:
Figure FDA0002605824140000011
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
5. The zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation method of the resonant dual-active bridge of claim 4, wherein when the AC-side bridge structure is a half-bridge structure, the maximum value of the duty ratio d is:
Figure FDA0002605824140000012
6. the zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation method of the resonant dual-active bridge as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the AC-side bridge structure is a full-bridge structure, the expression of the duty ratio d is as follows:
Figure FDA0002605824140000013
wherein, U1Is a direct voltage, U2Is an alternating voltage, frIs the switching frequency, L is the resonant cavity inductance, C is the resonant cavity capacitance, RloadIs the load resistance and n is the turns ratio.
7. The zero-reflux power soft-switching modulation method of the resonant dual-active bridge of claim 6, wherein when the ac-side bridge structure is a full-bridge structure, the maximum value of the duty ratio d is:
Figure FDA0002605824140000021
8. a dc-ac half-bridge power converter, characterized in that it is modulated with a modulation method according to claim 1.
9. A dc-ac full bridge power converter, characterized in that it is modulated with the modulation method as claimed in claim 1.
10. A power converter characterized in that it is modulated with a modulation method as claimed in claim 1.
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