CN111830370A - Insulation aging experimental device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage - Google Patents
Insulation aging experimental device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111830370A CN111830370A CN202010028446.0A CN202010028446A CN111830370A CN 111830370 A CN111830370 A CN 111830370A CN 202010028446 A CN202010028446 A CN 202010028446A CN 111830370 A CN111830370 A CN 111830370A
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/20—Preparation of articles or specimens to facilitate testing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an insulation aging experimental device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage, which can generate various harmonic wave superposed direct-current voltage waveforms and effectively simulate various overvoltage waveforms appearing in practical engineering application. The device includes: the system comprises an epoxy resin sample die, an electric tree experimental system under a temperature gradient environment, a direct-current superposition harmonic power supply device and an electric tree observation device, wherein the epoxy resin sample die is used for preparing an electric tree sample of a pin-plate electrode system; the electric tree experiment system under the temperature gradient environment is used for manufacturing the temperature gradient distribution inside the sample; the electric tree observation device mainly comprises an optical microscope, a CCD digital camera, a computer and a cold light source; the CCD digital camera is connected with a computer, and a video master is used for observing and recording the initiation and growth processes of the electric tree branches in the sample in real time through a video software camera.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-voltage equipment, and particularly relates to an insulation aging experimental device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission is characterized in that alternating current is rectified and then converted into direct current which is transmitted to a load center through a direct-current line, and then the direct current is converted into alternating current through inversion for users to use. With the increasing scale of the power grid, the direct-current power transmission has irreplaceable effects in the aspects of long-distance large-capacity power transmission, power grid regional interconnection, island power transmission, renewable energy grid connection and the like. The epoxy resin is a general term of high molecular polymer containing epoxy group, and can adapt to and meet different use performances and process requirements after being matched with a plurality of curing agents, fillers, accelerators and modifiers because the epoxy resin has excellent dielectric property, mechanical property and chemical property and good processable property. Due to the complexity of the structure, manufacture, connection and operation conditions of the cable terminal, the distribution of an internal electric field is much more complicated than the insulation of a cable body; meanwhile, defects such as air bubbles, impurities, surface scratches and the like occur in the field assembly process, so that various fault accidents always frequently occur. Statistically, the failure rate of the cable accessories accounts for 70% of the failure of the whole cable system. In a cable accident, the location of the fault is most often at the point where the semiconducting layer bonds to the epoxy material. Most polymer insulation can be aged under the long-term action of a strong electric field, the electrical performance is reduced along with the increase of service time, and finally, the insulation is broken down. Among them, the electrical dendrite degradation phenomenon in the polymer is an important cause of insulation failure. In fact, the electrical tree branch is an electrical crack phenomenon, when the defects of impurities, bubbles, metal protrusions and the like exist in the polymer, local field intensity distortion can occur, so that a local discharge phenomenon is caused, and a dendritic discharge trace is generated, so that the electrical tree branch is named as the electrical tree branch. A great deal of research indicates that the electrical tree degradation phenomenon is a bottleneck affecting the long-term operation safety of the polymer insulated power cable, and the research on the insulation degradation and failure mechanism of a cable system is urgently needed.
Polymer insulation is also subject to temperature gradient profiles during long term operation. Joule heating is generated in the conductors in the device causing the temperature of the inner insulation to rise while the outer insulation is at ambient temperature, so that there is a continuous temperature gradient distribution in the insulation. In transient conditions, the epoxy termination can operate at temperatures up to 150 ℃. At direct current voltage, the temperature gradient causes a non-uniform conductance inside the insulation, thus altering the electric field distribution and charge transport processes inside. However, the current research on the influence of temperature on the electrical tree is mostly concentrated on single temperature, the study on the charge transport process under different temperatures and temperature gradients is not deep enough, and especially the research on the influence of temperature on the electrical tree degradation under direct-current composite voltage still belongs to the blank field.
Due to the excellent performance of the epoxy resin, the epoxy resin is widely applied to a high-voltage direct-current cable system. Under different working conditions, the cable terminal epoxy resin insulation is subjected to direct-current voltage and pulse voltage or harmonic voltage generated in a transient process, and meanwhile, the insulation also works in low-temperature, room-temperature, temperature gradient and other temperature environments. The composite voltage and the ambient temperature can affect the space charge transport process in the dielectric medium, accelerate the insulation aging and affect the insulation electrical performance. Electrical dendritic discharges, an important form of insulation degradation, are a significant cause of failure of insulation materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study insulation aging evaluation methods based on temperature gradients and composite voltages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an electric tree experimental device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage, so that the insulation state of an insulating material can be effectively evaluated.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem and adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of an epoxy resin insulation performance test sample based on a pin-plate electrode system, an electric tree observation system in a temperature gradient environment and a harmonic wave direct current voltage device comprise the following steps: epoxy sample mould, electric tree experimental system, direct current stack harmonic power supply unit and electric tree observation device under the temperature gradient environment, wherein:
the epoxy resin sample mold is used for preparing an electric tree sample of a needle-plate electrode system and comprises a mold with a special shape;
the electric tree experiment system under the temperature gradient environment is used for manufacturing the temperature gradient distribution inside a sample and comprises a heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller and a cold air heat dissipation device. The temperature controller is used for controlling the temperature of the heating plate, and the temperature sensor consists of a thermocouple.
The direct current superposition harmonic power supply device comprises a voltage coupling unit, and consists of a high-voltage direct current power supply, a harmonic voltage generator and the voltage coupling unit, wherein the high-voltage direct current power supply adopts an electrostatic spinning type power supply, the maximum output voltage is 50kV, and a self-power-off protection device is arranged in the high-voltage direct current superposition harmonic power supply device.
The electric tree observation device comprises an optical microscope (SDK-2000), a CCD digital camera, a computer, a cold light source and the like. The CCD digital camera is connected with a computer, and a video master is used for observing and recording the initiation and growth processes of the electric tree branches in the sample in real time through a video software camera.
And a cold light source device is arranged to clearly observe the internal electric tree morphology of the epoxy resin sample.
Advantageous effects
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the pin-plate electrode system simulates the inevitable defects inside the epoxy resin.
2. The temperature gradient environment manufactured by the device is controllable and accurate.
3. The complex voltage and temperature working conditions in actual operation are effectively simulated, and a reliable basis is provided for judging the quality of the insulating material and analyzing the insulating operation state.
4. Various harmonic superimposed direct-current voltage waveforms can be reliably generated, and various overvoltage waveforms in practical engineering application can be effectively simulated.
5. And the Matlab language data analysis platform further obtains data for analysis, converts the graph into a numerical value, and ensures the accuracy of evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an epoxy sample of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a DC superimposed harmonic power supply apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a harmonic superimposed DC voltage waveform;
FIG. 4 is a test cell in a temperature gradient environment according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a temperature gradient versus cumulative damage to electrical tree branches;
a-the relationship between the temperature gradient and the accumulated damage when the temperature rises at the high temperature side;
b-the relationship between the temperature gradient and the accumulated damage when the temperature of the grounding side rises;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following provides a specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, which further illustrates how the method for evaluating the aging of the insulating material based on the temperature gradient and the harmonic superposition according to the present invention is implemented. The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an epoxy resin insulation performance test sample based on a pin-plate electrode, an electrical tree test system in a temperature gradient environment and a harmonic superposition direct current voltage generation device, and a method for effectively evaluating the insulation state of an insulation material.
FIG. 1 is a graph of a pin-plate electrode system simulating the local field strength concentration problems of impurities, burrs, semi-conductive bumps, etc. present in actual epoxy terminal insulation. The metal needle electrode is pre-embedded in the mold for preparing the epoxy resin sample before epoxy resin is poured, and in order to prevent possible surface flashover in an experiment, insulating silica gel is coated at the contact part of the upper surface of the sample and the needle electrode to prevent discharge.
Fig. 2 shows a harmonic superimposed dc voltage hybrid power supply of the present invention, in which a high voltage dc power supply is connected to a needle electrode of a sample through a protective resistor and a filter capacitor, and a harmonic voltage generator is connected to the needle electrode through a filter capacitor. The two filter capacitors respectively play a role in filtering high-frequency components to protect the high-voltage direct-current power supply and blocking direct-current components to protect the harmonic voltage generator. The output harmonic voltage is connected with the needle electrode after passing through the filter capacitor, and the high-voltage direct-current power supply is connected with the needle electrode after passing through the protection resistor and the filter capacitor. The resistor is used for reducing the current flowing through the high-voltage direct-current power supply when the sample is broken down. The voltage output by the voltage composite power supply is displayed by the oscilloscope after passing through the impedance voltage divider. Similarly, in the experimental process, after the direct current voltage reaches a set value for 1min, harmonic voltage is applied at the rate of 1kV/s until the set voltage value is reached, and finally, harmonic superposed direct current composite voltage is formed.
Fig. 4 is a temperature gradient environment testing unit, which mainly includes a high voltage terminal, a ground electrode, a composite voltage device and a temperature control system. The temperature gradient distribution in the sample is realized by the ceramic heating sheets at different positions, the heating sheet fixed at the copper electrode side is used for controlling the temperature of the ground electrode side, and the heating sheet fixed at the position 1mm above the needle electrode is used for controlling the temperature of the high-voltage side. The temperature sensor fixed on the heating plate measures and controls the temperature of the heating plate, and the temperature error in the experiment is +/-0.5 ℃. And (3) carrying out an electric tree experiment after the electrode temperature reaches the set temperature for 15min, and carrying out the next experiment after cooling the test unit to room temperature after each experiment. In order to ensure the gradient distribution of the internal temperature of the sample in the experimental process, the low-temperature side of the sample is cooled by using an air cooling mode.
The accumulated damage can be used to quantitatively describe the damage degree of the electrical tree branch to the insulating material, which is equal to the total number of pixels covered by the branch channel in the electrical tree branch photo, and is a supplement to other parameters.
Step 1) preparing epoxy resin electrical dendritic samples by adopting a room temperature curing method and preparing epoxy resin sheet samples by adopting a hot press molding method.
The preparation process of the epoxy resin electric tree test sample comprises the following steps:
(1) bisphenol A epoxy resin and polyamide resin samples are weighed respectively, and the samples are poured into a dry and clean beaker according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
(2) And opening the magnetic stirrer, setting the rotating speed of the magnetic stirrer to be 60r/min, and stirring the mixed liquid for 10min to achieve the aim of uniformly stirring.
(3) And opening the vacuum box, setting the temperature of the vacuum box to be 25 ℃, and vacuumizing the uniformly stirred mixed liquid in the vacuum box for 1h after the set temperature is reached so as to fully remove air in the mixture.
(4) The method comprises the following steps of pre-embedding a needle electrode, wherein a double-layer die is used, the needle electrode is embedded into an interlayer of the double-layer die, and the distance between the tip of the needle electrode and the bottom of the die is adjusted to manufacture artificial defects;
(5) taking out the fully degassed mixed liquid, slowly pouring the mixed liquid into a mold of the pre-embedded needle electrode under the drainage of a glass rod, and paying attention to the fact that the liquid level of the mixed liquid has to be equal to the height of the mold when pouring is finished
(6) The cast mould is firstly placed in an electric oven at 25 ℃ for curing for 48 h. In order to ensure the complete progress of the curing reaction, the oven temperature is set to 60 ℃ for curing for 8 h.
(7) After curing, the samples were removed from the oven and slowly cooled to room temperature. The mold was removed to obtain an epoxy sample having dimensions of 15mm by 20mm by 4 mm.
(8) A layer of aluminum foil with the thickness of 100 mu m is attached to the bottom of the sample to keep the good contact between the sample and the ground electrode in the electric tree experiment. The treated sample is placed in a sample bag and stored in a sealed and dark place.
And step 2) fixing the epoxy resin sample in the test unit, connecting the pin electrode with a high-voltage end, and connecting the plate electrode with a ground electrode. To eliminate flashover discharge that may occur during the boost test, the samples were completely immersed in insulating oil. When harmonic wave superposed direct current voltage is applied to a sample, the insulating oil can shake due to electrophoresis effect, which affects the real-time observation of the growth process of the electrical tree, so that when the sample is observed by using a microscope, the composite voltage needs to be removed and the voltage is waited to naturally attenuate to zero.
And 3) realizing the temperature gradient distribution in the sample by virtue of heating sheets at different positions, wherein the heating sheet fixed on the copper ground electrode side controls the temperature of the ground electrode side, and the heating sheet fixed at a position 1mm above the needle electrode controls the temperature of the high-voltage side. The temperature sensor fixed on the heating plate measures and controls the temperature of the heating plate, and the temperature control error is +/-0.5 ℃. And (3) carrying out an electric tree experiment after the electrode temperature reaches the set temperature for 15min, cooling the test unit to room temperature after each experiment, and carrying out the next experiment.
And 4) observing the aging condition of the electric tree inside the sample under an electric tree observing device, wherein the structure of the electric tree observing device is shown in figure 3. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, placing a sample, and debugging an optical microscope and a CCD digital camera. The optical microscope of the invention adopts a high-magnification monocular video microscope, the CCD digital camera adopts 1X, the ocular lens multiple is 10X, and the electric tree image can be amplified by 40 to 400 times. The sample was placed on a glass slide and the position of the sample was adjusted until the tip of the needle was visible. Adjusting the position of the cold light source to enable the light emitted by the cold light source to directly irradiate the needle point of the sample so as to clearly observe the internal situation of the epoxy resin sample; in the second step, the sample is observed. And connecting the CCD digital camera with a terminal, recording the image of the electric tree inside the sample by a video master through a video software camera, and photographing and recording. Using the recorded images, an assessment of the insulation aging can be started using the method of accumulated damage. According to the experiment, the aging degree of the insulating material under different conditions can be seen to be different under the condition that the voltage application time is the same, so the experiment result can provide effective guidance for evaluating the insulation aging degree of the epoxy resin under the disturbance of harmonic overvoltage in practical engineering.
Step 5) a specific calculation method of accumulated damage: firstly, intercepting a picture of 800 multiplied by 600 pixels to obtain a picture containing the whole electric tree branches; secondly, carrying out binarization processing on the electric tree photo by using Matlab language to obtain a black-and-white image; covering the grid with the dimension r on the black-and-white image, and calculating the number N (r) of small squares with electric tree pixels in the grid; and fourthly, continuously reducing r to obtain corresponding N (r), wherein the ratio of the N (r) to the whole square number is equal to the ratio A (r) of the accumulated damage area to the whole photo area, and the value of A (r) when r approaches zero is calculated, namely the accumulated damage is obtained.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an insulating ageing tests device based on temperature gradient and composite voltage which characterized in that includes: epoxy sample mould, electric tree experimental system, direct current stack harmonic power supply unit and electric tree observation device under the temperature gradient environment, wherein:
the epoxy resin sample die is used for preparing an electric tree sample of a needle-plate electrode system;
the electric tree experiment system under the temperature gradient environment is used for manufacturing the temperature gradient distribution inside the sample;
the direct current superposition harmonic power supply device comprises a voltage coupling unit, a harmonic voltage generator and a voltage coupling unit, wherein the voltage coupling unit consists of a high-voltage direct current power supply, the harmonic voltage generator and the voltage coupling unit;
the electric tree observation device mainly comprises an optical microscope, a CCD digital camera, a computer and a cold light source; the CCD digital camera is connected with a computer, and a video master is recorded by the video software camera to observe and record the initiation and growth processes of the electric tree branches in the sample in real time; and a cold light source device is arranged to clearly observe the internal electric tree morphology of the epoxy resin sample.
2. The insulation aging test device based on the temperature gradient and the composite voltage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature controller is used for controlling the temperature of the heating plate, and the temperature sensor is composed of a thermocouple.
3. The insulation aging experimental device based on the temperature gradient and the composite voltage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high voltage direct current power supply adopts an electrostatic spinning type power supply, the maximum output voltage is 50kV, and a self-power-off type protection device is arranged inside.
4. The insulation aging experimental device based on the temperature gradient and the composite voltage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical branch experimental system under the temperature gradient environment comprises a heating sheet, a temperature sensor, a temperature controller and a cold air heat dissipation device.
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