CN111829644A - Blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm system and method - Google Patents
Blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111829644A CN111829644A CN202010728366.6A CN202010728366A CN111829644A CN 111829644 A CN111829644 A CN 111829644A CN 202010728366 A CN202010728366 A CN 202010728366A CN 111829644 A CN111829644 A CN 111829644A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm system and a method, wherein the system comprises a plurality of blasting vibration sensor installation devices and software clients connected through a 5G network; the mounting device of the blasting vibration sensor integrates leveling alignment, sensor fixing and sensor protection; the method comprises the following steps: collecting data of a blasting area through a sensor, and respectively regressing all the data in three directions by adopting a least square method or other nonlinear regression methods to obtain a wave velocity calculation formula; and calculating the instantaneous maximum wave speed of the building according to the distance from the nearby building to the blasting area, a wave speed calculation formula and the maximum single-section explosive quantity, comparing the instantaneous maximum wave speed with the safe allowable vibration speed of the building, and sending an alarm signal when the instantaneous maximum wave speed exceeds a threshold value. The system improves the installation efficiency of the sensor, simplifies the installation process and realizes the remote transmission of data; the method of the invention improves the reliability of regression analysis, reduces the number of sensors and realizes monitoring and alarming on the whole process of the building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting vibration monitoring, and is mainly applied to blasting of rock fields; in particular to a blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system and a method.
Background
Mechanical crushing or blasting construction is mainly adopted for excavating the foundation pit on the rock field, the construction speed is low, the labor consumption is high, and the caused vibration is small; the latter is fast in construction speed, but may bring some negative effects, for example, energy generated by explosion of explosive is released to do work, a part of energy is acted on the structure, another part of energy causes ground particle motion, and simultaneously generates explosion shock wave, and the explosion shock wave will generate explosion earthquake effect, explosion air shock wave, explosion flying stones, explosion air pollution, noise and toxic and harmful gas, etc., wherein the influence brought by the explosion earthquake effect is the largest. With the advancement of the construction period, for a new construction project, a large number of established important structures are bound to face, and mass production and monitoring equipment work indoors, so that when the foundation pit blasting excavation is performed on the new construction project, the influence of blasting vibration on the surrounding structures and precision equipment needs to be considered.
In the blasting vibration monitoring, the accuracy and reliability of the test result have great relation with the installation of the sensor, the dispersity of the blasting area and the data quantity. At present, instrument installation is carried out on a rock field mainly by adopting a mode of cleaning surface soil and bonding with gypsum or a mode of driving a steel nail platform and a bolt platform. Under the condition that the surface soil is thick and the surface rock is broken, the sensors are difficult to fix by directly bonding with gypsum, and the test result is larger due to the looseness of the sensors. And it is comparatively difficult to squeeze into steel nail platform and bolt platform in hard rock place, wastes time and energy, and is difficult to ensure to squeeze into the direction and be the vertical direction, influences the test result. When the regression of the field coefficient and the attenuation coefficient related to geological and topographic conditions is performed by using the Sudofski formula, the maximum wave velocity obtained by monitoring in one instrument is often adopted, the number of field monitoring instruments is limited, the statistical regression is difficult to obtain a true value when the data quantity is small, and a large amount of hidden information needs to be mined in a test result. Therefore, the sensor fixing device which is convenient to install and ensures accurate and reliable test results is developed, and a system which can transmit vibration signals in time to monitor and alarm is developed on the basis of the existing blasting vibration meter, so that the system has great engineering practical value and social and economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the sensor installation device is convenient to install, reliable and stable in structure and has a data transmission function, and can realize real-time monitoring and alarming on vibration speeds of surrounding buildings and equipment positions through signal storage, processing and analysis functions of a matched blasting vibration online monitoring and alarming system, so that the safety of a construction site is ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm system and a blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm method.
The invention discloses a blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system which comprises a plurality of blasting vibration sensor mounting devices, data acquisition and transmission equipment and a software client connected through a 5G network.
The mounting device structure of the blasting vibration sensor is as follows:
the drilling holes are 90-degree vertical holes, the diameter is 90mm, and the depth is 0.5 m; concrete is poured in the drilled hole, the hole is vibrated to be compact, a platform with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 5cm is built at the hole opening, and the periphery is built into an inclined plane; the borehole and the platform center coincide in the vertical direction.
The blasting vibration meter protection box is fixed on the platform, a lock catch is covered on the blasting vibration meter protection box and can be opened by a key, a sensor fixing position is arranged at the center inside the blasting vibration meter protection box, and gradienters, compasses, data acquisition transmitters and vibration acquisition instrument fixing positions are distributed at four corners of the blasting vibration meter protection box; the vibration acquisition instrument and the sensor are respectively fixed on the vibration acquisition instrument fixing position and the sensor fixing position through bolts.
The position of the blasting vibration meter protection box is adjusted to keep the level meter bubble horizontal, and the compass points the same.
The vibration acquisition instrument and the sensor are connected with the data acquisition transmitter through a USB data line, and meanwhile, a transmission antenna of the data acquisition transmitter is installed on the blasting vibration meter protection box.
Further, the protection box of the blasting vibration meter is fixed on the platform through plaster of paris, and the water-powder ratio is 40-50 ml:100 g.
Furthermore, the fixed position of the vibration acquisition instrument and the fixed position of the sensor are provided with a plurality of clamping grooves, so that the vibration acquisition instrument is suitable for various sensors and acquisition instruments, and is prevented from loosening by bonding of silicon rubber.
The invention discloses a blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging 5-8 blasting vibration sensor installation devices in the main blasting direction of a blasting area, and inputting a blasting center distance, the maximum single-section explosive quantity, a sensor number, a blasting mode, the row number and the number of blast holes, and row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals at a software client.
Step 2: the sensor collects vibration speed signals in three directions, and the vibration speed signals are remotely transmitted to the software client through the data acquisition transmitter connected with the sensor.
And step 3: the client carries out noise reduction and filtering on the vibration waveform, intercepts the main signal waveform according to the blasting duration, segments the waveform according to row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals, and takes the maximum value of the absolute value of each segment; and storing the amount of the priming charge in each row and each hole, the distance from each row and each hole to the sensor and the corresponding maximum speed of each row and each hole as a group of data.
And 4, step 4: and summarizing all data groups, and performing regression on all data in three directions by the client by adopting a least square method or other nonlinear regression methods to obtain a wave velocity calculation formula.
And 5: and calculating the instantaneous maximum wave speed at the building according to the distance from the nearby building to the blasting area, a wave speed calculation formula and the maximum single-section explosive quantity, comparing the instantaneous maximum wave speed with the safe allowable vibration speed of the building, and sending an alarm signal when the instantaneous maximum wave speed exceeds a threshold value.
Further, in step 1, the arrangement direction of the sensors is perpendicular to the blasting area and at the same elevation; the distance of the sensor from the boundary of the blasting area is determined according to the terrain, geological conditions and total dose.
Further, in step 4, the wave velocity calculation formula is a savofsky wave velocity calculation formula and a correction formula thereof.
Further, in step 4, the number of the summarized data sets should correspond to the total number of the detonating rows, and if not, the upper and lower specification limits of the delay time detonator should be considered, and the detonating time interval should be reselected.
Further, in step 5, the distance from the building to the blasting area is the distance from the building load-bearing structure, the weak part or the key protection object to the blasting area.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system provided by the invention utilizes the existing equipment and materials in the blasting field, improves the installation efficiency of the sensor and simplifies the installation process. The blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm method provided by the invention can realize remote transmission of data, online real-time analysis and monitoring, a large amount of data can be obtained by using signals of a limited number of sensors, and the reliability of regression analysis is improved; the distance and the dosage can be used for monitoring the surrounding building groups and all positions of a single building, so that the number of sensors required to be arranged is reduced, and the safety evaluation of the blasted building is changed into the monitoring and alarming in the whole process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a blasting vibration sensor mounting apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the placement of the internal instruments of the blasting vibration meter protection box according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of the blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system which comprises a plurality of blasting vibration sensor mounting devices, data acquisition and transmission equipment and a software client connected through a 5G network.
The structure of the mounting device of the blasting vibration sensor is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the drill hole 1 is a 90-degree vertical hole with the diameter of 90mm and the depth of 0.5 m; concrete 2 is poured in the drill hole 1, the concrete 2 is selected according to field materials, an early strength agent and an accelerating agent can be added according to blasting time, the concrete is compacted by vibration, a platform 3 with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 5cm is built at an orifice, and the periphery of the platform is built into an inclined plane; the borehole 1 and the platform 3 are vertically centered.
The blasting vibration meter protection box 5 is fixed on the platform 3, a lock catch is covered on the blasting vibration meter protection box, the blasting vibration meter protection box can be opened by a key, a sensor fixing position 9 is arranged at the center inside the blasting vibration meter protection box 5, and a gradienter 6, a compass 7, a data acquisition transmitter 8 and a vibration acquisition meter fixing position 15 are distributed at four corners of the blasting vibration meter protection box; the vibration acquisition instrument 14 and the sensor 12 are respectively fixed on the vibration acquisition instrument fixing position 15 and the sensor fixing position 9 through bolts 10.
The position of the blasting vibration meter protection box 5 is adjusted to keep the level of the bubbles of the level meter 6 and the compass 7 points the same.
The vibration acquisition instrument 14 and the sensor 12 are connected with the data acquisition transmitter 8 through a USB data line 13, and a transmission antenna 11 of the data acquisition transmitter 8 is arranged on the blasting vibration meter protection box 5.
Adjusting the position of the blasting vibration meter protection box 5, keeping the bubble level of the level meter 6 and the compass 7 pointing to the same level, enabling all the sensors 12 to be on the same straight line and the same elevation, starting the instrument and carrying out knocking check
Further, a blasting vibration meter protection box 5 is fixed on the platform 3 through plaster of paris 4, and the water-powder ratio is 40-50 ml:100 g.
Further, vibration acquisition instrument fixed position 15 and sensor fixed position 9 have a plurality of draw-in grooves, are applicable to each type of sensor and acquisition instrument to prevent to become flexible through the bonding of silicon rubber.
The invention discloses a blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming method, a flow chart of which is shown in figure 3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging 5-8 blasting vibration sensor installation devices in the main blasting direction of a blasting area, and inputting a blasting center distance, the maximum single-section explosive quantity, a sensor number, a blasting mode, the row number and the number of blast holes, and row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals at a software client.
Step 2: the sensor 12 collects vibration speed signals in three directions and remotely transmits the signals to the software client through the data collection transmitter 8 connected with the sensor.
And step 3: the client carries out noise reduction and filtering on the vibration waveform, intercepts the main signal waveform according to the blasting duration, segments the waveform according to row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals, and takes the maximum value of the absolute value of each segment; and storing the amount of the priming charge in each row and each hole, the distance from each row and each hole to the sensor and the corresponding maximum speed of each row and each hole as a group of data.
And 4, step 4: and summarizing all data groups, and performing regression on all data in three directions by the client by adopting a least square method or other nonlinear regression methods to obtain a wave velocity calculation formula.
And 5: and calculating the instantaneous maximum wave speed at the building according to the distance from the nearby building to the blasting area, a wave speed calculation formula and the maximum single-section explosive quantity, comparing the instantaneous maximum wave speed with the safe allowable vibration speed of the building, and sending an alarm signal when the instantaneous maximum wave speed exceeds a threshold value.
Further, in step 1, the sensors 12 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the blast area and at the same elevation; the distance of the sensor 12 from the blast zone boundary is determined based on the terrain, geological conditions and total dose.
Further, in step 4, the wave velocity calculation formula is a savofsky wave velocity calculation formula and a correction formula thereof.
Further, in step 4, the number of the summarized data sets should correspond to the total number of the detonating rows, and if not, the upper and lower specification limits of the delay time detonator should be considered, and the detonating time interval should be reselected.
Further, in step 5, the distance from the building to the blasting area is the distance from the building load-bearing structure, the weak part or the key protection object to the blasting area.
The blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system provided by the invention utilizes the existing equipment and materials of the blasting field, improves the installation efficiency of the sensor and simplifies the installation process, and improves the stability of sensor data acquisition due to the adoption of the fixation of a cast-in-place concrete column and a platform and the cooperation of gypsum bonding, so that the installation of the sensor can be suitable for the fields of various terrain conditions, and the defect that the bottom surfaces of the existing bolt type and soil nail type sensor installation devices are difficult to level is overcome; bolted connection is easy not hard up under the long-term vibration effect, and if the dead lever does not insert ground perpendicularly, bolted connection must be certain angle with ground on the dead lever, leads to blasting vibration meter guard box can not keep the level. The plaster of paris is a viscous mass prior to setting and can be held level by squeezing the plaster of paris even if the subsurface fixtures are not held perpendicular to the ground.
The sensor mounting devices are typically secured to the rock using fixing rods and adhesive and are bolted to level and connect to the mounting platform. The installation mode is complicated, the manufacturing cost is high, and the method is suitable for long-term blasting monitoring and is not suitable for disposable blasting monitoring. And when the field topography condition is complicated, be difficult to make level and fix through binder and bolt adjustment, fixing device is not hard up can influence the accuracy of monitoring data. In addition, blasting is mainly applied to excavation of foundation pits of rock fields, blasting demolition of buildings and mining at present, multiple times of blasting are rarely carried out on the same field, and blasting monitoring is usually short-term or one-time monitoring. When a lot of blasting excavation need be carried out in a slice region, blasting excavation position all is different at every turn, need readjust the mounted position of sensor before blasting at every turn, make the sensor apart from the blasting district in certain extent, X to needing directional core of exploding, need 5 instruments at least moreover just can obtain the vibration attenuation law, so this patent sensor installation device and mounting method have obvious economic nature and convenience, fixed mounting mode is simple and practical, and required cost is low, and is fixed firm reliable, is applicable to short-term blasting monitoring, disposable blasting monitoring and the condition that needs frequent transform sensor position.
The blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm method provided by the invention can realize remote transmission of data, online real-time analysis and monitoring, a large amount of data can be obtained by using signals of a limited number of sensors, and the reliability of regression analysis is improved; the distance and the dosage can be used for monitoring the surrounding building groups and all positions of a single building, so that the number of sensors required to be arranged is reduced, and the safety evaluation of the blasted building is changed into the monitoring and alarming in the whole process.
Claims (8)
1. A real-time monitoring and alarming system for blasting vibration is characterized by comprising a plurality of blasting vibration sensor mounting devices, data acquisition and transmission equipment and a software client connected through a 5G network;
the structure of the mounting device of the blasting vibration sensor is as follows:
the drill hole (1) is a 90-degree vertical hole with the diameter of 90mm and the depth of 0.5 m; concrete (2) is poured in the drill hole (1), the hole is vibrated to be compact, a platform (3) with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 5cm is built at the hole opening, and the periphery is built into an inclined plane; the centers of the drilling hole (1) and the platform (3) are overlapped in the vertical direction;
the blasting vibration meter protection box (5) is fixed on the platform (3), a lock catch is covered on the blasting vibration meter protection box, the blasting vibration meter protection box can be opened by a key, a sensor fixing position (9) is arranged at the center inside the blasting vibration meter protection box (5), and a gradienter (6), a compass (7), a data acquisition transmitter (8) and a vibration acquisition meter fixing position (15) are distributed at four corners of the blasting vibration meter protection box; the vibration acquisition instrument (14) and the sensor (12) are respectively fixed on a vibration acquisition instrument fixing position (15) and a sensor fixing position (9) through a bolt (10);
adjusting the position of a blasting vibration meter protection box (5), keeping the level of bubbles of a level meter (6) horizontal, and enabling a compass (7) to point the same;
the vibration acquisition instrument (14) and the sensor (12) are connected with the data acquisition transmitter (8) through a USB data line (13), and a transmission antenna (11) of the data acquisition transmitter (8) is installed on the blasting vibration meter protection box (5).
2. The system for real-time monitoring and alarming of blasting vibration according to claim 1, wherein the blasting vibration meter protection box (5) is fixed on the platform (3) through plaster of paris (4), and the water-powder ratio is 40-50 ml:100 g.
3. The blasting vibration real-time monitoring and alarming system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibration acquisition instrument fixing position (15) and the sensor fixing position (9) are provided with a plurality of clamping grooves, are suitable for various types of sensors and acquisition instruments, and are prevented from loosening through silicon rubber bonding.
4. A real-time monitoring and alarming method for blasting vibration is characterized in that the real-time monitoring and alarming system for blasting vibration of claim 1 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: arranging 5-8 blasting vibration sensor installation devices in a main blasting direction of a blasting area, and inputting a blasting center distance, the maximum single-section explosive quantity, a sensor number, a blasting mode, the row number and the number of blast holes, and row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals at a software client;
step 2: the sensor (12) collects vibration speed signals in three directions and remotely transmits the signals to the software client through the data acquisition transmitter (8) connected with the sensor;
and step 3: the client carries out noise reduction and filtering on the vibration waveform, intercepts the main signal waveform according to the blasting duration, segments the waveform according to row-by-row and hole-by-hole blasting intervals, and takes the maximum value of the absolute value of each segment; storing the detonation explosive quantity of each row and each hole, the distance from each row and each hole to the sensor and the corresponding maximum speed of each row and each hole as a group of data;
and 4, step 4: summarizing all data groups, and enabling the client to respectively regress all data in three directions by adopting a least square method or other nonlinear regression methods to obtain a wave velocity calculation formula;
and 5: and calculating the instantaneous maximum wave speed at the building according to the distance from the nearby building to the blasting area, a wave speed calculation formula and the maximum single-section explosive quantity, comparing the instantaneous maximum wave speed with the safe allowable vibration speed of the building, and sending an alarm signal when the instantaneous maximum wave speed exceeds a threshold value.
5. The real-time monitoring and alarming method for blasting vibration according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the sensors (12) are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the blasting area and at the same elevation; the distance of the sensor (12) from the boundary of the blast area is determined according to the terrain, geological conditions and total dose.
6. The real-time monitoring and alarming method for blasting vibration according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4, the wave velocity calculation formula is a Savowski wave velocity calculation formula and a correction formula thereof.
7. The real-time blasting vibration monitoring and alarming method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4, the quantity of the collected data sets corresponds to the total number of the detonating rows, and if the quantity of the collected data sets does not correspond to the total number of the detonating rows, the upper and lower specification limits of the delay time detonator are considered, and the detonating time interval is reselected.
8. The real-time monitoring and alarming method for blasting vibration as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step 5, the distance from the building to the blasting area is the distance from a building load-bearing structure, a weak part or a key protection object to the blasting area.
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| CN202010728366.6A CN111829644A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Blasting vibration real-time monitoring alarm system and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112556837A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for mounting tunnel arch blasting vibration sensor |
| CN113588064A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 中铁二十局集团第六工程有限公司 | Method for measuring blasting vibration data |
| CN115388731A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-11-25 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Technical measure operation method for reducing blasting vibration |
-
2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010728366.6A patent/CN111829644A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112556837A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for mounting tunnel arch blasting vibration sensor |
| CN113588064A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 中铁二十局集团第六工程有限公司 | Method for measuring blasting vibration data |
| CN115388731A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-11-25 | 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 | Technical measure operation method for reducing blasting vibration |
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