CN111828514B - Friction structure, manufacturing method of friction structure and brake - Google Patents
Friction structure, manufacturing method of friction structure and brake Download PDFInfo
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0039—Ceramics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
- F16D2250/0061—Joining
- F16D2250/0076—Welding, brazing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a friction structure, a manufacturing method of the friction structure and a brake, relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and is used for improving the wear resistance of the friction structure. The friction structure includes: the wear-resistant coating comprises a base body, n layers of intermediate transition layers positioned on the base body and a wear-resistant layer positioned on the n layers of intermediate transition layers; n is not less than 1 and n is an integer. The components of the matrix and the n intermediate transition layers both contain aluminum element and copper element; the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer respectively contain iron elements and nickel elements. The manufacturing method of the friction structure comprises the friction structure provided by the technical scheme. The friction structure provided by the invention is used for improving the wear resistance of the friction structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a friction structure, a manufacturing method of the friction structure and a brake.
Background
The aluminum alloy has high specific strength, corrosion resistance and good processing formability, has strength comparable to that of steel after heat treatment, and can be used as an ideal light material for a vehicle friction structure. Therefore, the improvement of the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is the focus of current research.
At present, research institutions propose that a layer of ceramic particles is added on the surface of the aluminum alloy to improve the wear resistance by means of spraying and the like. However, the wear-resistant layer sprayed by the method has a short service life, is easy to fall off, and cannot be applied to an engineering process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a friction structure, a manufacturing method of the friction structure and a brake, which are used for improving the wear resistance of the friction structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a friction structure. The friction structure comprises a base body, n layers of intermediate transition layers positioned on the base body and a wear-resistant layer positioned on the n layers of intermediate transition layers; n is not less than 1 and n is an integer. The components of the base body and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain aluminum element and copper element, and the components of the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain iron element and nickel element.
Compared with the prior art, in the friction structure provided by the invention, the wear-resistant layer and the base body are connected together through the n intermediate transition layers, the components of the base body and the n intermediate transition layers both contain aluminum element and copper element, and the components of the wear-resistant layer and the n intermediate transition layers both contain iron element and nickel element. Because the chemical properties of the same elements are similar, the n layers of intermediate transition layers can be used as the wear-resistant layers and the material transition layers of the base body, so that the base body, the n layers of intermediate transition layers and the wear-resistant layers have high interlayer bonding strength, and the friction structure has high wear resistance. At the moment, when the wear-resistant layer is applied in engineering, the wear-resistant layer is not easy to fall off from the base body, and the service life of the friction structure can be effectively prolonged. Meanwhile, the components of the base body contain aluminum element, copper element, iron element and nickel element, so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is close to that of the n intermediate transition layers and the wear-resistant layer, the thermal stress between the layers is reduced, the yield of the friction structure is improved, and cracking is prevented. Therefore, the friction structure provided by the invention has the advantages of high yield, high wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer, long service life and suitability for various vehicles.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the friction structure, which is applied to the friction structure and comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; forming n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate; n is not less than 1 and is an integer; and forming a wear-resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers. The components of the base body and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain aluminum element and copper element, and the components of the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain iron element and nickel element.
Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method of the friction structure provided by the invention has the same beneficial effects as the friction structure in the technical scheme, and the details are not repeated here.
The invention also provides a brake which is characterized by comprising the friction structure.
Compared with the prior art, the brake provided by the invention has the same beneficial effects as the friction structure in the technical scheme, and the repeated description is omitted here.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a friction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a friction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural view of a friction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of making a friction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a friction structure produced by the method of example 1 in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sem image of a tribological structure produced using the method of example 1 in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate clear description of technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same items or similar items having substantially the same functions and actions. For example, the first threshold and the second threshold are only used for distinguishing different thresholds, and the sequence order of the thresholds is not limited. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terms "first," "second," etc. do not denote any order or quantity, nor do the terms "first," "second," etc. denote any order or importance.
It is to be understood that the terms "exemplary" or "such as" are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g.," is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.
In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a and b combination, a and c combination, b and c combination, or a, b and c combination, wherein a, b and c can be single or multiple.
In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for light weight in rail transit vehicles and automobile vehicles due to the demands for environmental protection, energy saving, and the like. The friction structure is an important component of a vehicle, and the research on light weight of the friction structure is widely regarded by researchers at home and abroad. Aluminum alloys have high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and good work formability, and the strength after heat treatment is comparable to that of steel, so they are ideal lightweight materials for automobiles.
However, the wear resistance of aluminum alloys is not good, and thus how to improve the wear resistance of aluminum alloys becomes a hot issue in applying aluminum alloys as friction structures to vehicle systems. Research institutions propose that a layer of ceramic particles is added on the surface of the aluminum alloy by means of spraying and the like to improve the wear resistance. However, the wear-resistant layer prepared by the method has a short service life and cannot be applied to an engineering process due to the problems of poor binding force between the ceramic particles and the aluminum alloy matrix, large difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the ceramic particles and the aluminum alloy and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a friction structure including a base 1, n intermediate transition layers 2, and a wear-resistant layer 3. The components of the base body 1 and the n-layer middle transition layer 2 both contain aluminum element and copper element, and the components of the wear-resistant layer 3 and the n-layer middle transition layer 2 both contain iron element and nickel element.
As shown in fig. 1, the substrate 1 may be an aluminum alloy substrate, and the Al element content in the substrate 1 is 85% by mass or more. For example, the substrate 1 may be one of an Al-Si alloy substrate, an Al-Zn alloy substrate, an Al-Mg alloy substrate, and an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy substrate, but is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, the n intermediate transition layers 2 are located on the substrate 1, n is greater than or equal to 1, n is an integer, and the value of n can be set according to the actual situation.
As shown in fig. 1, when n is 1, there is only one intermediate transition layer 2 between the base body 1 and the wear-resistant layer 3, and in this case, the intermediate transition layer 2 includes, in terms of mass fraction: 2 to 75 percent of Cu, 5 to 10 percent of Al, 9 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Ti, Ni with the content not lower than 5 percent, C with the content not higher than 0.35 percent and the balance of Fe.
As shown in fig. 2, in the case where n > 1, for example, when n is 2, the intermediate transition layer 2 includes a first intermediate transition layer 2-1 and 1 second intermediate transition layer 2-2 formed on the first intermediate transition layer 2-1. Wherein, the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 is positioned on the substrate 1, and the second intermediate transition layer 2-2 is positioned on the first intermediate transition layer 2-1. At this time, the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 includes, in mass fraction: 50 to 75 percent of Cu, 7 to 10 percent of Al, 9 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Ti, not less than 2 percent of Ni, not more than 0.35 percent of C and the balance of Fe. The second intermediate transition layer 2-2 includes, in mass fraction: 2 to 75 percent of Cu, 5 to 10 percent of Al, 9 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Ti, Ni with the content not lower than 5 percent, C with the content not higher than 0.35 percent and the balance of Fe. Because the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 is formed on the substrate 1, and the mass contents of Cu, Al and Ni in the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 are higher than those of the second intermediate transition layer 2-2, the interlayer strength between the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 and the substrate 1 is improved, the problem that the wear-resistant layer 3 is easy to fall off in the application of an engineering process is solved, and the service life of the friction structure is prolonged. Meanwhile, as the material of the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 is close to that of the substrate 1, the expansion coefficient of the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 is close to that of the substrate 1, so that the thermal stress between the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 and the substrate 1 is reduced, and the friction structure is increasedAnd the product rate is high, and the phenomenon of cracking is prevented. Here, it should be noted that, in the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 and the second intermediate transition layer 2-2, the combined mass fraction (a%) of the same element should be obtained by combining the mass per unit area of the first intermediate transition layer 2-1 stacking mass (w1), the second intermediate transition layer 2-2 stacking mass (w2), the mass fraction a 1% of the same alloy in the material of the first intermediate transition layer 2-1, and the mass fraction a 2% of the same alloy in the material of the second intermediate transition layer 2-2, and the formula is (w 1)%×a1％+w2×a2％)/(w1+w2)。
As shown in fig. 2, the wear resistant layer 3 is located on the n intermediate transition layers. It will be appreciated that when n > 1, the above-mentioned wear resistant layer 3 is located on n-1 second intermediate transition layers 2-2.
As shown in fig. 2, when n is 2, the wear-resistant layer 3 is located on the second intermediate transition layer 2-2. As shown in fig. 3, when n is 3, the wear-resistant layer 3 is located on the second intermediate transition layer 2-1-3, and the second intermediate transition layer 2-1-3 is located on the first second intermediate transition layer 2-1-2. The wear-resistant layer 3 may be one of a Ni-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Fe-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Co-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a mixed wear-resistant layer of Ni-based alloy and ceramic particles, and a mixed wear-resistant layer of Fe-based alloy and ceramic particles. For example, the wear-resistant layer may be a Ni-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Fe-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Co-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a mixed wear-resistant layer of a Ni-based alloy and ceramic particles, a mixed wear-resistant layer of a Fe-based alloy and ceramic particles, or the like. Because the ceramic particles have a wear-resistant phase, the wear-resistant performance of the wear-resistant layer 3 can be improved by adding the ceramic particles to the structure of the wear-resistant layer 3. Wherein the mass content of the ceramic particles is 20-70%.
In the friction structure provided by the embodiment of the invention, the wear-resistant layer and the base body are connected together through the n intermediate transition layers, the components of the base body and the n intermediate transition layers both contain aluminum elements and copper elements, and the components of the wear-resistant layer and the n intermediate transition layers both contain iron elements and nickel elements. Because the chemical properties of the same elements are similar, the interlayer strength among the base body, the n-layer intermediate transition layer and the wear-resistant layer is improved. Therefore, the friction structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the binding force between the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer and the base body is higher, the wear resistance is higher, and the service life of the friction structure is prolonged. Meanwhile, because of the aluminum element, the copper element, the iron element and the nickel element in the components of the base body, the thermal expansion coefficients of the base body, the n-layer intermediate transition layer and the wear-resistant layer are close to each other, the thermal stress among layers is favorably reduced, the yield of the friction structure is improved, and the cracking is prevented. Therefore, the friction structure provided by the invention has the advantages that the wear-resistant layer has high wear resistance and long service life, and can be suitable for various vehicles.
As shown in fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a friction structure, which is applied to the friction structure. The manufacturing method of the friction structure comprises the following steps:
s100: a substrate is provided. The mass content of the Al element in the matrix is more than 85 percent. The substrate may be an aluminum alloy substrate, and for example, the substrate may be one or more of an Al-Si alloy substrate, an Al-Zn alloy substrate, an Al-Mg alloy substrate, and an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy substrate.
S110: and forming n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate. In order to prevent the aluminum alloy from oxidizing and affecting the wear-resistant effect, it is necessary to form an intermediate transition layer in an inert gas atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm. n is not less than 1 and n is an integer. For example, when n is 1, 1 intermediate transition layer may be formed on the surface of the substrate in an inert gas atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm. When n > 1, for example, when n ═ 2, the intermediate transition layers include a first intermediate transition layer and 1 second intermediate transition layer formed on the first intermediate transition layer. At this time, forming the n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate in an inert gas atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 100ppm includes:
s1101: and forming a first intermediate transition layer on the surface of the substrate. In order to prevent the aluminum alloy from oxidizing and affecting the wear resistance effect, it is necessary to form the first intermediate transition layer in an inert gas atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm.
S1102: a second intermediate transition layer is formed on the first intermediate transition layer. In order to prevent the aluminum alloy from oxidizing and affecting the wear-resistant effect, it is necessary to form the second intermediate transition layer in an inert gas atmosphere having an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm.
S120: and forming a wear-resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers. The environment for forming the wear-resistant layer can be an inert gas environment with oxygen content less than 100ppm, or can be an atmospheric environment, which is not limited herein. The components of the base body and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain aluminum element and copper element, and the components of the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain iron element and nickel element. The same elements or similar phases are formed among the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear-resistant layer, so that the interlaminar strength is favorably improved. And the expansion coefficient of the transition layer of the intermediate transition layer is similar to that of the matrix, so that the thermal stress of the transition layer and the matrix is reduced, and the friction structure prepared by using the friction structure preparation method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention has better wear resistance and long service life of the wear-resistant layer.
In one example, the forming of the n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate includes:
s110-1: and under the condition that the n intermediate transition layers are determined to be wire-shaped materials, the wire-shaped materials are welded on the surface of the substrate in a fusion welding mode through a welding process to form the n intermediate transition layers. Wherein the diameter of the wire-shaped material is 0.6 mm-4 mm. For example, the wire-like material may have a diameter of 0.6mm, 2.5mm, 4mm, etc.
S110-2: and under the condition that the n intermediate transition layers are made of powdery materials, cladding the powdery materials on the surface of the substrate by using a laser cladding process to form the n intermediate transition layers. Wherein the particle size of the powdery material is 15-150 μm. For example, the particle size of the powdery material may be 15 μm, 125 μm, 150 μm, or the like.
In order to prevent the aluminum alloy from oxidizing to influence the yield and the friction effect of the friction structure, the welding process and the laser cladding process are carried out in an inert gas environment with the oxygen content lower than 100 ppm.
In one example, the forming the wear resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers includes:
s1201: and forming a wear-resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers by using a laser cladding process.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a brake which comprises the friction structure. For example, the brake may be a disc brake, a contact friction brake, or the like.
For example, the brake may be a brake pad, in which case the brake pad comprises a steel backing and the friction structure. The friction structure is arranged on the steel back of the brake pad.
The laser deposition manufacturing segmented forming method in the embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to the embodiment and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the substrate selected in this embodiment is an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy substrate (7075 aluminum alloy substrate), and the selected intermediate transition layer includes, by mass: 55 percent of Cu, 8.5 percent of Al, 9 percent of Cr, 0.5 percent of Ti, 5 percent of Ni and 0.15 percent of C, Fe as the rest, the selected intermediate transition layer is a powdery material with the granularity of 45-150 mu m, and the selected wear-resistant layer is a mixture of Ni-based alloy with the powder granularity of 45-105 mu m and ceramic particles (80 percent of GH625+20 percent of WC by mass). The laser cladding parameters in this example are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 laser cladding parameter Table
| Parameter(s) | Laser power | Scanning speed | Cladding thickness | Lap joint ratio |
| Intermediate transition layer | 2kW | 120mm/min | 0.7mm | 0.45 |
| Wear resistant layer | 1.8kW | 170mm/min | 0.45mm | 0.45 |
The specific implementation process of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step S100: a 7075 aluminum alloy substrate is provided.
Step S110: in an inert gas environment with oxygen content lower than 100ppm, a laser cladding process is utilized to clad a powdery material on the surface of a 7075 aluminum alloy substrate to form 1 intermediate transition layer.
Step S120: and forming a wear-resistant layer on the intermediate transition layer by using a laser cladding process.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a friction structure manufactured by the method for manufacturing a friction structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the base body, the intermediate transition layer, and the wear-resistant layer of the friction structure are well combined. Fig. 6 is a sem image of the friction structure manufactured by the method for manufacturing a friction structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the left dark color region is a middle transition layer, the right light color region is a wear-resistant layer, and the circular particles are ceramic particles. As can be seen from fig. 6, the metallurgical bonding of the intermediate transition layer and the wear resistant layer is good.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the intermediate transition layer is added between the base body and the wear-resistant layer, the intermediate transition layer and the base body and the wear-resistant layer are made of the same material and have different proportions, and the transition effect is achieved. Compared with the mode of combining the wear-resistant layer with the base body in the prior art, the intermediate transition layer is used to ensure that the base body is better combined with the intermediate transition layer and the layers between the intermediate transition layer and the wear-resistant layer, and the wear-resistant layer is not easy to fall off in engineering application. And the expansion coefficient of the intermediate transition layer is close to that of the matrix, so that the internal stress of the prepared friction structure is reduced, the yield of the friction structure is improved, and the cracking phenomenon is prevented.
Example 2
The present example is different from example 1 only in that the substrate selected in the present example is an Al-Si based alloy substrate (ZL102 aluminum alloy substrate). The selected intermediate transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75 percent of Cu, 5 percent of Al, 15 percent of Cr, 0.1 percent of Ti, 15 percent of Ni and 0.25 percent of C, Fe as the rest, the selected intermediate transition layer is a powdery material with the granularity of 15 mu m to 55 mu m, and the selected wear-resistant layer is a Ni-based alloy wear-resistant layer (EDNi205 alloy wear-resistant layer) with the powder granularity of 15 mu m to 55 mu m.
The friction structure produced by example 2 had a good bond between the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear layer. The beneficial effects of the friction structure prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the friction structure prepared in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 3
The present example is different from example 1 only in that the substrate selected in the present example is an Al-Mg alloy substrate (ZL103 aluminum alloy substrate). The selected intermediate transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of Cu, 10 percent of Al, 22 percent of Cr, 0.9 percent of Ti, 25 percent of Ni and 0.35 percent of C, Fe as the rest, the selected intermediate transition layer is a powdery material with the granularity of 55 mu m to 150 mu m, and the selected wear-resistant layer is a Co-based alloy wear-resistant layer (GH605 alloy wear-resistant layer) with the powder granularity of 55 mu m to 150 mu m.
The friction structure produced by example 3 had a good bond between the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear layer. The beneficial effects of the friction structure prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the friction structure prepared in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 4
The substrate selected in this embodiment is an Al — Zn alloy substrate, and 1 first intermediate transition layer and 1 second intermediate transition layer are formed by a solder fuse method. The first intermediate transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of Cu, 7.8% of Al, 13% of Cr, 0.9% of Ti, 5% of Ni, 0.20% of C and the balance of Fe; the second intermediate transition layer includes: 6% of Cu, 5.5% of Al, 13% of Cr, 0.5% of Ti, 20% of Ni, 0.20% of C and the balance of Fe. The wear-resistant layer is 3Cr13 welding wire. The welding parameters are detailed in table 2.
TABLE 2 welding parameter Table
| Parameter(s) | Diameter of welding wire | Welding current | Speed of welding |
| First intermediate transition layer | 0.8mm | 120A | 70mm/min |
| Second intermediate transition layer | 0.8mm | 120A | 70mm/min |
| Wear resistant layer | 1.2mm | 140-160A | 85mm/min |
The specific implementation process of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step S100: an Al-Zn alloy substrate is provided.
Step S1101: in an argon atmosphere box with oxygen content lower than 100ppm, a wire-shaped material of a first intermediate transition layer is cladded on the surface of an Al-Zn alloy substrate by utilizing a welding fuse process to form the first intermediate transition layer.
Step S1102: and cladding the wire-shaped material of the second intermediate transition layer on the first intermediate transition layer by using a welding fuse process in an argon atmosphere box with the oxygen content lower than 100ppm to form the second intermediate transition layer.
Step S120: and welding the 3Cr13 welding wire on the second intermediate transition layer by using a welding fuse process to form the wear-resistant layer.
The friction structure produced by example 4 had a good bond between the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear layer. The beneficial effects of the friction structure prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the friction structure prepared in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 5
The substrate selected in this embodiment is an Al-Zn alloy substrate, and 1 intermediate transition layer is formed by a method of welding a fuse, where the intermediate transition layer includes, by mass: 65% of Cu, 9% of Al, 11% of Cr, 0.5% of Ti, 5% of Ni, 0.15% of C and the balance of Fe. The wear-resistant layer is 3Cr13 welding wire. The welding parameters are detailed in table 3.
TABLE 3 welding parameter Table
| Parameter(s) | Diameter of welding wire | Welding current | Speed of welding |
| Intermediate transition layer | 1.6mm | 140A | 850mm/min |
| Wear resistant layer | 1.2mm | 140-160A | 85mm/min |
The specific implementation process of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
step S100: an Al-Zn alloy substrate is provided.
Step S110: in an argon atmosphere box with oxygen content lower than 100ppm, a wire-shaped material of the intermediate transition layer is cladded on the surface of the Al-Zn alloy substrate by utilizing a welding fuse process to form 1 intermediate transition layer.
Step S120: and welding a 3Cr13 welding wire on the intermediate transition layer by using a welding fuse process to form the wear-resistant layer.
The friction structure produced by example 5 had a good bond between the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear layer. The beneficial effects of the friction structure prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the friction structure prepared in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 6
The substrate selected in this embodiment is an Al-Zn alloy substrate, 1 intermediate transition layer is formed by a fuse welding method, and a wear-resistant layer is formed by a laser cladding method. The intermediate transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of Cu, 9% of Al, 11% of Cr, 0.5% of Ti, 5% of Ni, 0.15% of C and the balance of Fe. The wear-resistant layer is made of a mixture of a Ni-based alloy and ceramic particles (Ni-coated WC particles). The welding parameters of the intermediate transition layer are shown in table 3, and the laser cladding parameters of the wear-resistant layer are detailed in table 4.
TABLE 4 laser cladding parameter Table
| Parameter(s) | Laser power | Scanning speed | Cladding thickness | Lap joint ratio |
| Intermediate transition layer | 1.5kW | 60mm/min | 0.6mm | 0.40 |
Step S100: an Al-Zn alloy substrate is provided.
Step S110: in an argon atmosphere box with oxygen content lower than 100ppm, a wire-shaped material of the intermediate transition layer is cladded on the surface of the Al-Zn alloy substrate by utilizing a welding fuse process to form 1 intermediate transition layer.
Step S120: and cladding the mixture of the Ni-based alloy and the ceramic particles on the intermediate transition layer by using a laser cladding process to form the wear-resistant layer.
The friction structure produced by example 6 had a good bond between the base body, the intermediate transition layer and the wear layer. The beneficial effects of the friction structure prepared in the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the friction structure prepared in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the invention as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A friction structure, characterized in that it comprises a base, n intermediate transition layers on said base and a wear layer on said n intermediate transition layers; n is not less than 1 and is an integer;
the components of the matrix and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain aluminum element and copper element;
the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer respectively contain iron elements and nickel elements;
wherein when n is 1, the intermediate transition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 to 75 percent of Cu, 5 to 10 percent of Al, 9 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Ti, Ni with the content not lower than 5 percent, C with the content not higher than 0.35 percent and the balance of Fe; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
when n is more than 1, the n layers of intermediate transition layers comprise a first intermediate transition layer and n-1 second intermediate transition layers formed on the first intermediate transition layer; the first intermediate transition layer is formed on the substrate;
the first intermediate transition layer comprises, in mass fraction: 50-75% of Cu, 7-10% of Al, 9-22% of Cr, 0.1-0.9% of Ti, Ni with the content not lower than 2%, C with the content not higher than 0.35% and the balance of Fe;
each of the second intermediate transition layers comprises, in mass fraction: 2 to 75 percent of Cu, 5 to 10 percent of Al, 9 to 22 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.9 percent of Ti, Ni with the content not lower than 5 percent, C with the content not higher than 0.35 percent and the balance of Fe.
2. The friction structure according to claim 1, wherein the base is an aluminum alloy base; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the substrate is one of an Al-Si alloy substrate, an Al-Zn alloy substrate, an Al-Mg alloy substrate and an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy substrate; wherein the mass content of the Al element in the matrix is more than 85 percent.
3. The friction structure according to claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant layer is one of a Ni-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Fe-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a Co-based alloy wear-resistant layer, a mixed wear-resistant layer of a Ni-based alloy and ceramic particles, and a mixed wear-resistant layer of a Fe-based alloy and ceramic particles.
4. A method for manufacturing a friction structure, which is applied to the friction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising:
providing a substrate;
forming n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate; n is not less than 1 and is an integer;
forming a wear-resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers; the components of the matrix and the n-layer intermediate transition layer both contain aluminum element and copper element;
the wear-resistant layer and the n-layer intermediate transition layer respectively contain iron elements and nickel elements.
5. The method for manufacturing a friction structure according to claim 4, wherein the n intermediate transition layers are formed in an atmosphere of an inert gas having an oxygen content of less than 100 ppm; and/or;
when n is more than 1, the n layers of intermediate transition layers comprise a first intermediate transition layer and n-1 second intermediate transition layers formed on the first intermediate transition layer;
the forming of the n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the substrate includes:
forming a first intermediate transition layer on the surface of the substrate;
forming a second intermediate transition layer on the first intermediate transition layer.
6. The method for producing a friction structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the forming of the n intermediate transition layers on the surface of the base body comprises:
under the condition that the n layers of intermediate transition layers are determined to be wire-shaped materials, the wire-shaped materials are welded on the surface of the base body by a welding process to form the n layers of intermediate transition layers; or the like, or, alternatively,
and under the condition that the n layers of intermediate transition layers are determined to be powdery materials, cladding the powdery materials on the surface of the base body by using a laser cladding process to form the n layers of intermediate transition layers.
7. The method of manufacturing a friction structure according to claim 6, wherein in the case where the n intermediate transition layers are determined to be wire-like materials, the diameter of the wire-like materials is 0.6mm to 4 mm; or the like, or, alternatively,
and when the n intermediate transition layers are determined to be powdery materials, the grain diameter of the powdery materials is 15-150 mu m.
8. The method of manufacturing a friction structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein forming a wear resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers comprises:
and forming a wear-resistant layer on the n intermediate transition layers by using a laser cladding process.
9. A brake comprising the friction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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