CN111828086A - Mechanized matched construction equipment for large-gradient inclined shaft and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Mechanized matched construction equipment for large-gradient inclined shaft and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
- E21F13/04—Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shafts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-gradient inclined shaft mechanized supporting construction device and a construction method thereof, wherein the large-gradient inclined shaft mechanized supporting construction device comprises a refitted excavation trolley, the refitted excavation trolley comprises a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a cab, the cab is positioned on the outer wall of one side of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly, and the construction method of the large-gradient inclined shaft mechanized supporting construction device comprises the following steps of S1: construction preparation: 1) selecting a type of a mine hoist; 2) arranging and installing a mine hoist; 3) erecting a ballast unloading trestle; 4) constructing a walking path layout of wind, water, electricity and people; 5) and (6) laying a track. The invention provides a track laying and installing method combining a temporary track and a permanent track, and the method is characterized in that the slope of an inclined shaft is larger, the walking of a traditional wheel type excavation trolley in the shaft is unsafe, and the excavation trolley is welded on a chassis of a PC160 excavator to realize safe walking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction of rail transportation inclined shafts, in particular to mechanized matched construction equipment for a large-gradient inclined shaft and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the maturity of construction technology and the improvement of construction mechanization, the proportion of long and large tunnels in the railway construction or the highway construction is increased more and more in nearly twenty years. In order to solve the ventilation problem in the tunnel, a slant well or a vertical well is generally constructed to solve the problem. At present, the construction experience of the rail transportation inclined shaft in China is not very rich, the related technology and specification are not complete, and the traditional construction method and mechanical configuration cannot meet the construction period requirement which is urgent day by day.
When the construction of the large-gradient inclined shaft is carried out, the trackless mucking in the traditional inclined shaft construction can not be adopted. Because the slope of inclined shaft is bigger, the mucking efficiency of loader is lower, equipment loss is big, still can produce a large amount of waste gas, is difficult for discharging in the inclined shaft, can very big harm constructor's health. Therefore, the project department carries out technical innovation on the construction technology of the inclined shaft with large gradient through comprehensive technical attack and customs, partial inclined shaft construction equipment is refitted, a combined construction method for rail construction mechanization of the inclined shaft with large gradient is provided, the purpose of safely, efficiently and quickly tunneling the inclined shaft with large gradient is achieved, the superiority of mechanical matching construction of the inclined shaft with large gradient in the aspects of safety, technology, economy, environmental protection and the like is highlighted, and good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a large-gradient inclined shaft mechanical matched construction device and a construction method thereof.
The invention provides large-gradient inclined shaft mechanized matched construction equipment which comprises a modified excavation trolley, wherein the modified excavation trolley comprises a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a driving cabin, the driving cabin is positioned on the outer wall of one side of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly, the PC160 excavator chassis assembly comprises crawler assemblies, a chassis, an oil pressure pump, a distribution valve and a low-speed motor, the crawler assemblies are symmetrically distributed on the outer walls of two sides of the bottom end of the chassis, the end part of the oil pressure pump is connected with an oil pipe, the end part of the oil pipe is connected with the distribution valve, the output end of the low-speed motor is connected with the end part of the oil pressure pump, the inclined shaft excavation platform comprises steel upright columns, longitudinal steel beams and anti-skidding steel bar net pieces, a fixed structure is formed by criss-crossing the steel upright columns and the longitudinal beams, and the outer wall of the bottom ends of the anti-skidding steel bar net pieces is fixedly connected, The longitudinal steel beam is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the joint.
Preferably, the end collision prevention stop block is arranged at the end part of the longitudinal steel beam on the outer wall of the top of the inclined shaft excavation platform.
Preferably, the four corners of the driving cabin and the connection part of the inclined shaft excavation platform are fixedly connected with an upper beam short strut, and a beam diagonal brace is arranged between the other end of the upper beam short strut and a bottom longitudinal steel beam of the inclined shaft excavation platform.
Preferably, the control end of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly is connected with the low-speed motor.
A construction method of mechanized matched construction equipment of a large-gradient inclined shaft is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: construction preparation:
1) selecting a type of a mine hoist;
2) arranging and installing a mine hoist;
3) erecting a ballast unloading trestle;
4) constructing a walking path layout of wind, water, electricity and people;
5) laying a track;
s2: advanced prediction: in order to ensure the accuracy of the advance forecasting of the geology in front of the inclined shaft face, the construction method comprehensively utilizes three modes of geological radar, TSP303 and advance drilling to achieve the aim of accurate forecasting;
s3: measurement and positioning: measuring and lofting an inclined shaft by using a total station, then installing a laser direction finder, checking by using the total station and adjusting the position of the laser direction finder to enable a light beam of the laser direction finder and a point released by the total station to be at the same position, and accurately positioning a blast hole by using the laser direction finder;
s4: drilling and blasting: the method adopts a 'person-fixed positioning' mode for operation, the charging and networking modes of inclined shaft construction are basically the same as the construction modes of other tunnel faces, and the difference is that the method adopts an initiation mode, and an antistatic electric detonator is adopted for initiation and the smooth blasting of the water emulsion explosive is adopted for ensuring the safety due to the influence of the stray current;
s5: track and equipment inspection: after each blasting, a track arranged in the inclined shaft, a configured signal and a video monitoring system are checked in time, and the safety of constructors is ensured during mucking;
s6: raking and discharging: after the track and monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft are checked, an excavator is used for raking the slag, a side-turning type mine car is used for loading the slag, when a mine hoister discharges the slag, a slag discharging point is arranged outside a tunnel, and a loader is used for matching with a self-discharging car to convey the slag to a specified slag discharging field;
s7: primary support: in order to ensure the construction safety, after mucking is finished, a wet guniting machine is used for guniting, and in the construction of the inclined shaft, the mechanical operation of guniting operation is finished by utilizing the wet guniting machine and a guniting manipulator, so that a mechanized matched construction circulation step of the large-gradient inclined shaft is finished.
Preferably, the internal and external deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the winding drum of the mining hoist arranged and installed at S1 and the head sheave of the mining hoist are less than 1 ° 30', the head sheave of the mining hoist adopts a fixed head sheave, and the included angle between the steel wire rope of the mining hoist and the ground is not less than 15 °.
Preferably, in the step of S1, the upper rail of the ballast discharging trestle is a 43Kg/m rail, 20 channel steel is used as a sleeper, the distance is 80cm, holes are drilled in the channel steel and fixed with the rail by fasteners, and a guard rail and a curved rail are installed on the ballast discharging trestle, the ballast discharging trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers, the clear span is 10m, and a pier foundation of the ballast discharging trestle is composed of 4 circular pillars of a reinforced concrete structure and a concrete platform, 22 phi steel bars are configured in the concrete foundation and arranged vertically and horizontally, the distance is 30cm, upper and lower rows of the two rows of the main bars are provided with phi 8 stirrups, the height of the ballast discharging trestle is matched with the angle between a steel wire rope of a mining elevator and a top sheave, an I32 steel longitudinal beam is erected on the ballast discharging trestle, the rail and the curved rail are respectively arranged one way, supports at two ends of the I32 steel longitudinal beam are welded and fixed with embedded steel plates, and both sides pier department is provided with I20 shaped steel bracing under I32 shaped steel longeron, all adopt welded fastening between I20 shaped steel bracing and I32 shaped steel longeron, the pre-buried steel sheet of mound lateral wall, the landing stage that unloads is close to head sheave one end and is provided with the anticollision barricade, and the anticollision barricade adopts reinforced concrete structure, highly to promoting 20cm below the central line, configuration phi 22 owner muscle in the anticollision barricade, interval 30cm establishes the phi 8 stirrup between the owner muscle.
Preferably, in the construction of the S1, in the arrangement of the wind, water, electricity and pedestrian footpaths, a high-pressure wind system adopts 3 22m footpaths3A/s air compressor, a phi 150mm air supply steel pipe, a high-voltage transformer station arranged near a winch room of the elevator, two 800KVA transformers arranged in the high-voltage transformer station, a water supply system supplied by a high-level water pool, and the water storage volume of the water pool being 200m3The water supply pipe is a steel pipe with the diameter of 100mm, the tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, the fan type is a 2X 110KW axial flow fan, the phi 1500mm soft ventilation pipe is hung, personnel go up and down the well and adopt mine car transportation and personnel walking paths, the walking paths are arranged on one side of the air pipe and the water pipe for construction, the width of each step is 30cm, the length is 100cm, the height is 10cm, a 120 cm-high temporary handrail is arranged on one side close to a track, and the handrail is connected with the vertical steel pipe and welded.
Preferably, the construction of the rails in the rail laying of S1 mainly lies in the laying of the rails, the rails in the inclined shaft excavation process are mainly divided into a temporary rail and a permanent rail, at least two sets of anti-creep devices should be installed on each steel rail, and each pair of steel rails should have three gauge pull rods, a cable supporting wheel, a safety brake and other rail auxiliary devices to be laid together with the rails.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. electric drive, it is quick to unload: the construction method adopts a rail-bound transport mine car to lift and transport, is driven by electric power, reduces the pollution to the environment in the inclined shaft and improves the working environment of workers compared with the traditional method of using a muck car to carry out trackless muck removal. Meanwhile, the ballast is transported more quickly by rails, the transportation is safe, and the discharging is quick.
2. Mechanized combination, reasonable economy: during the selection, arrangement and installation of the equipment, according to reasonable operation process flows, the winch house, the head sheave frame, the muck unloading trestle, the transportation track, the mine car, the excavator, the excavation trolley and other operation equipment are scientifically configured, the mechanization degree is improved, and the combination is more reasonable and economical.
3. Equipment modification, reinforcing suitability: considering that the slope of the inclined shaft is large, the common wheel type excavation trolley and the common shotcrete machine cannot meet the construction requirements, the chassis of the 135-degree excavator is replaced on the excavation trolley, and the crawler type walking is replaced with the wheel type walking. Meanwhile, the wheel-type walking of the shotcrete machine is changed into rail-type walking, thereby facilitating concrete transportation and inclined shaft lining shotcrete support. Through appropriate modification, the applicability of the supporting machinery for inclined shaft construction is improved, and the construction progress is accelerated.
4. Visual monitoring, information-based construction: by applying modern information technology means, video monitoring is installed in the inclined shaft, a 24-hour on-duty monitoring command room is set up, the internal condition of the inclined shaft is monitored in real time, and the construction safety of the lifting mine car in the lifting process is ensured.
5. Introducing PLC control, and improving the performance of the mine hoist: in order to improve the economic benefit and the social benefit of the construction operation of the inclined shaft and solve the problem of speed adjustment when a mine hoist is used, the construction method specially introduces a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to meet various complex conditions in the construction of the inclined shaft, so that a human-computer interaction interface is better innovated, the real-time control of the hoist is completed, and the construction safety is ensured.
6. The method has the advantages of strong operability, easy popularization, strong pertinence, good performance of tunneling, muck loading and muck discharging equipment, mature and simple operation technology, convenient operation personnel grasp and easy popularization.
In conclusion, the construction method integrates and appropriately modifies the current domestic machinery in the inclined shaft construction aspect to form a set of complete large-gradient inclined shaft mechanized matching construction system.
Compared with the traditional trackless transportation and mucking of the tunnel inclined shaft, the construction method provides a track arrangement and installation method combining a temporary track and a permanent track, the temporary track is adopted in the range 30m behind the tunnel face, the permanent track is adopted in the completed section, and the temporary track is gradually replaced by the permanent track along with the inclined shaft excavation.
Compared with the prior track laying of inclined shaft track transportation construction, the construction method adopts finished product reinforced concrete sleepers special for coal mines, track gauge pull rods are used for connecting the steel rails and then the whole body is poured into track slab concrete, and the temporary track is made into a permanent track. Because the slope of the inclined shaft is larger, the traditional wheel type excavation trolley is unsafe to walk in the shaft, and the excavation rack is welded to the chassis of the 135-degree excavator in the construction method, so that the safe walking is realized.
In order to solve the waste gas generated during construction in the inclined shaft, the construction machinery in the inclined shaft is driven by electric power, a pneumatic leg rock drill and an excavation trolley are used for carrying out face excavation, electric power is used for driving a rail transport tramcar to carry out mucking, and a rail arrangement technology and a ballast bed building technology are used for ensuring the transport safety.
A signal and video safety monitoring device is installed in the inclined shaft by applying the modern information technology, so that the safety of constructors in the tunnel is ensured.
The method is characterized in that an excavator is adopted to scrape the slag on the face of the tunnel, the mine car is conveyed to carry out slag discharge, the lifting of the conveying mine car is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) electric control automatic control system, the mine car carries out cooperative command by signal and video monitoring in the up-and-down direction, and the slag is discharged outside the tunnel under the traction of a winch house.
By integrating and modifying the inclined shaft construction equipment, a large-gradient inclined shaft mechanical matching construction method is formed, the mechanical construction degree is improved, the blank of mechanical complete application in large-gradient inclined shaft construction in China is perfected, reference is provided for the subsequent large-gradient inclined shaft construction, and the method has wide popularization significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a mechanized supporting construction equipment for a large-gradient inclined shaft and a method thereof;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a winch drum and a head sheave arrangement structure of the mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for the large-gradient inclined shaft provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plane structure diagram of a winch drum and a head sheave of the mechanized supporting construction equipment for the large-gradient inclined shaft and the method thereof;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a layout structure of a wind, water, electricity and pedestrian walkway of the mechanized supporting construction equipment and the method thereof for the high-gradient inclined shaft provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a main view structure of a modified excavation trolley for the mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for the high-gradient inclined shaft provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a modified excavation trolley of the mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for the large-gradient inclined shaft according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a car stopper fence of the mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for the large-gradient inclined shaft provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1 track subassembly, 2 driver's cabins, 3 distribution valves, 4 oil hydraulic pumps, 5 low-speed motor, 6 seamless steel pipe, 7 steel stand, 8 vertical steel beam, 9 low pillars on the roof beam, 10 end anticollision dogs, 11 crossbeam bracing, 12 anti-skidding reinforcing bar net pieces.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.
The construction equipment comprises a modified excavation trolley, the modified excavation trolley comprises a PC160 excavator chassis assembly, an inclined shaft excavation platform and a cab 2, the cab 2 is positioned on the outer wall of one side of the PC160 excavator chassis assembly, the PC160 excavator chassis assembly comprises crawler components 1, a chassis, an oil pressure pump 4, distribution valves 3 and a low-speed motor 5, the crawler components 1 are symmetrically distributed on the outer walls of two sides of the bottom end of the chassis, the end part of the oil pressure pump 4 is connected with an oil pipe, the end part of the oil pipe is connected with the distribution valves 3, the output end of the low-speed motor 5 is connected with the end part of the oil pressure pump 4, the inclined shaft excavation platform comprises a steel upright post 7, a longitudinal steel beam 8 and an anti-skidding steel bar net piece 12, a fixed structure is formed between the steel upright post 7 and the steel beam longitudinal 8 through longitudinal and transverse crossing, and the outer wall of the bottom end of the anti-skidding steel bar net piece 12 is fixedly connected to the steel upright post, On indulging the fixed connection face outer wall of girder steel 8, the 8 tip of girder steel of indulging on the top outer wall of inclined shaft excavation platform is equipped with end crashproof dog 10, and the four corners department of driver's cabin 2 and the junction fixedly connected with roof beam of inclined shaft excavation platform are short pillar 9 on the roof beam, and the other end of short pillar 9 on the roof beam and the bottom of inclined shaft excavation platform are indulged and are equipped with crossbeam bracing 11 between the girder steel 8, and the control end and the low-speed motor 5 of PC160 excavator chassis assembly are connected.
The construction method comprises the following steps:
(1) model selection of mine hoist
And the volume weight of the stone is 2.5T/m3 calculated according to the weight of the stone output amount Qm3 every day in consideration of the construction peak expiration load.
Basic parameters: the inclined shaft inclination angle alpha, the inclined shaft length Lm and the stone output square quantity Qm3 every day.
The work system is 2 shifts per day, and the net lifting mucking time of each shift is 8 hours; the amount of the stone discharged per shift is m 3. The other 4 hours of each shift are the auxiliary lifting time for conveying materials.
Selecting a lifting speed: and V is m/s.
The lifting mode is as follows: lifting by double hooks; lifting the container: tipping the dump car;
hoisting a steel rope: d is 36mm, q1 is 4.78 kg/m.
One lifting cycle time: t ═ L/V + T1 (assist time), typically T1 ═ 120 s;
number of lifts per hour: n is 60/T times
The lifting times per shift are as follows: n is 8N times
Lifting quantity Q (T) each time
Maximum static tension
Maximum static tension difference
In the formula: l-slant length (m);
q1 — weight per meter (kg) of wire rope;
q-gross transported Material weight (T);
qm-total weight of mine car (T);
α -slant angle (°);
f 1-the drag coefficient f1 is 0.015 when the mine car moves;
f 2-steel cable motion resistance coefficient f2 is 0.2
Calculated according to the above formula:
maximum static tension: fmax (KN)
Maximum static tension difference: f difference (KN)
And determining the type of the inclined shaft mining elevator according to the maximum static tension and the maximum static tension difference obtained by calculation and product technical parameters.
(2) Mine hoist arrangement and installation
The internal and external deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the mining hoist drum and the head sheave are less than 1 degree and less than 30 degrees, so that the steel wire rope can be naturally arranged in the winding process, back ropes and biting ropes are not generated, the hook is conveniently taken off and hooked, and the condition that the mine car is derailed at an inclined wellhead can be prevented. The head sheave adopts a fixed head sheave, and the included angle between the steel wire rope and the ground is not less than 15 degrees, so that the lifting force of the mine hoister can achieve the best effect when the mine hoister operates.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the relative positions of the winch drum, the head sheave and the hole are determined according to the principle.
(3) Erecting ballast unloading trestle
A rail on the ballast unloading trestle adopts a 43Kg/m rail, 20 channel steel is used as a sleeper, the distance is 80cm, holes are punched in the channel steel and connected and fixed with the rail by fasteners, and meanwhile, a guard rail and a curved rail are arranged on the ballast unloading trestle. The trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers, the clear span is 10m, the pier foundation is composed of 4 circular pillars of a reinforced concrete structure and a concrete platform, phi 22 steel bars are arranged in the concrete foundation and are arranged vertically and horizontally, the distance between the concrete foundation and the concrete platform is 30cm, the upper row and the lower row are arranged, phi 8 stirrups are arranged between two rows of main reinforcements, and the height of the trestle is determined according to the angle between a steel wire rope of a mining hoister and a head sheave. I32 type steel longitudinal beams are erected on the trestle, one steel rail and one bend rail are respectively arranged under each steel rail, supports at two ends of each longitudinal beam are welded and fixed with the embedded steel plate at the top of the pier, I20 type steel diagonal braces are arranged at piers at two sides under each longitudinal beam for supporting and reinforcing in order to ensure the safety and stability of the longitudinal beams, and the diagonal braces and the longitudinal beams and the embedded steel plates at the side walls of the piers are welded and fixed.
In order to prevent the mine car from being out of control and falling off the track during lifting, an anti-collision retaining wall is required to be arranged at one end of the slag unloading trestle close to the head sheave, the retaining wall is of a reinforced concrete structure, the height of the retaining wall is 20cm below the lifting center line, phi 22 main ribs are arranged in the retaining wall, the distance between the phi 22 main ribs is 30cm, and phi 8 stirrups are arranged between the main ribs.
(4) Wind, water, electricity and pedestrian path arrangement in construction
Referring to fig. 4, the construction wind-electricity power is divided into three systems of air supply, water supply and power supply, and the high-pressure air system is provided with 3 22m3/s air compressors and a phi 150mm air supply steel pipe; the high-voltage transformer substation is arranged near a winch room of the hoist and is provided with two 800KVA transformers; the water supply system is supplied by a high-level water tank, the water storage volume of the water tank is 200m3, and a water supply pipe is a steel pipe with the diameter of 100 mm; the tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, the fan model is a 2 x 110KW axial flow fan, and a phi 1500mm soft ventilation pipe is hung. The personnel get on and off the well and adopt mine car transportation and personnel to walk the pavement, and the construction is with people's pavement setting in tuber pipe one side, and every grade width of ladder step is 30cm, length 100cm, and high 10cm establishes 120cm high interim railing in being close to track one side, and the handrail is connected with vertical steel pipe and is adopted the welding.
(5) Track laying
The rail construction mainly comprises the arrangement of rails, and the rails are mainly divided into temporary rails and permanent rails in the inclined shaft excavation process. At least two groups of anti-climbing equipment are arranged on each steel rail, and each pair of steel rails is provided with three gauge pull rods, cable supporting wheels, safety brakes and other rail auxiliary equipment which are laid together with the rails.
1) Temporary track
The temporary track is continuously lengthened along with the footage of the tunnel face, the distance of the steel rails is fixed by adopting a track gauge pull rod, and [20 replaces a concrete sleeper to combine three steel rails with different lengths of 2m, 4m and 6m into an integral track panel. And selecting the track panel with the corresponding length according to the footage length for connecting and installing the track panel after each cycle of tunnel excavation and blasting. And circulating in sequence. Temporary tracks are adopted near the tunnel face 30m, and permanent tracks are adopted at the rest tunnel forming sections.
The temporary track is required to be consistent with the permanent track line position, a floor is required to be flat and compact before the temporary track panel is placed, the smooth line shape of the left and right steel rails of the temporary track is ensured, and the running event is avoided. The temporary rail and the permanent rail are connected and must be fastened to reduce gaps, so that the rail is prevented from falling in the operation process.
2) Permanent rail
Track laying sequence: the track bed is an integral track bed, and sleepers are laid after the inclined shaft inverted arch is poured.
The rail antiskid device adopts phi 22 multiplied by 1500mm anchor rods to anchor the sleepers on the bedrock of the bottom plate at a distance of 8 meters. The car stopper is arranged at the well mouth and the parking position at the well bottom to prevent the car from sliding due to the brake failure of the winch system when the car is parked. The tracks are laid in sequence along with the excavation progress by adopting double lines. The steel rail is 43 kg/m; the sleeper adopts reinforced concrete sleepers of 200 multiplied by 160 multiplied by 3000, and the spacing is 800 mm; the installation ground roller department adopts 16 channel-section steel sleepers, and the track is bolted connection for the steel sleeper, and 16 meters set up a ground roller, and ground roller mounting height is 40mm apart from the rail face.
5.2.2 Advance prediction
In order to ensure the accuracy of the advance forecasting of the geology in front of the inclined shaft face, the construction method adopts three modes of geological radar, TSP303 and advance drilling to be comprehensively applied so as to achieve the aim of accurate forecasting. The method comprises the steps of using TSP303 to conduct advanced prediction on the range 200 meters in front of a tunnel face of a tunnel to achieve the purpose of medium-short distance advanced prediction, then using SIR-4000 geological radar to conduct short-distance, high-precision and large-range detection on the range 40 meters in front of the tunnel face, and preliminarily judging the geological condition of the range 40 meters behind the whole tunnel face according to a radar waveform diagram; and finally, using the electric down-the-hole drill to carry out advanced drilling, and carrying out advanced prediction on the range of 30 meters in front of the tunnel face. By using the three advanced forecasting devices, an advanced forecasting mode combining medium and short distances, a large section and a line surface is formed, and forecasting results of the three are mutually verified, so that the accuracy of advanced forecasting is greatly improved, the construction risk is reduced, and the safety of constructors is ensured.
5.2.3 measurement positioning
And after the advance forecast is finished, measuring and lofting the inclined shaft by using a total station. When laying out a pattern, erecting the instrument at the position close to the face, looking back at a basic lead point, horizontally turning to the direction of the designed central line, using a positive and negative mirror method to lay out two points on the face, wherein the gradient accords with the designed gradient, and then marking out a direction line. And a laser orientation instrument is arranged at a distance of 20m behind the tunnel face. After the laser orientation instrument is installed, the laser orientation instrument is opened according to the position of a laser beam emitted by the laser orientation instrument, a total station instrument is used for checking and adjusting the position of the laser orientation instrument, so that the light beam of the laser orientation instrument is positioned at the same position as a point emitted by the total station instrument, and then the laser orientation instrument is used for accurately positioning a blast hole on a tunnel face.
5.2.4 drill blasting
Because the slope of the inclined shaft is too large, the wheel type rock drilling trolley cannot be used for drilling. The manual drilling operation adopted in the inclined shaft is very easily limited by the operation environment, the operation area at the working face of the inclined shaft is small, the drilling direction is not easy to control, and the overbreak is easily caused. In contrast, after careful investigation, the project part provides a 'person-fixed positioning' mode, namely, the fixed drilling operation personnel operate at the fixed position of the inclined shaft, and the effective control on the overbreak and the expanded excavation body type is realized.
Because the slope of inclined shaft is big, ordinary wheeled excavation platform truck can not normally walk in the inclined shaft again, for guaranteeing engineering progress and construction quality, project department has welded the excavation rack on the basis of PC160 excavator chassis, sets up hollow cylinder in the different positions of excavation rack, the reinforcing bar of being convenient for passes through, then lay steel reinforcement grid on the reinforcing bar, and it is firm to fix with the steel wire, forms the repacking excavation platform truck that is more suitable for the inclined shaft, the repacking schematic diagram refers to 5-6.
In order to ensure the air quality in the inclined shaft and protect the construction health of workers, an electric box is arranged behind the excavation platform, and an electric-driven crawler-type excavation trolley is used. The modified crawler-type excavation trolley is unfolded left and right during construction, folded after construction is completed and driven away from a construction face of the inclined shaft, so that a construction area is provided for subsequent mucking of the excavator, and the problem that construction equipment conflicts with each other due to the fact that the construction area of a tunnel is too small is solved. The electric drive is adopted, the influence of the large-gradient inclined shaft on the excavation drilling is overcome, and the construction environment in the inclined shaft is also ensured. When the modified excavation trolley reaches a designated position in front of a tunnel face, a construction steel bar grating is erected, and a drilling team holds the air leg rock drill to perform manual drilling. The rock drill hand adopts the safety belt to suspend the operation, avoids the sudden short rod to cause the casualty accident. The direction of the blast hole is checked by an angle measurer, the directions of the cutting hole and the peripheral holes are strictly controlled, the slope angle of the formed well after blasting is consistent with the design, and simultaneously, the middle waist line must be aligned before each drilling. In order to avoid the blockage of the blast holes, after one blast hole is drilled, a marker is blocked at the hole opening, so that the smooth completion of blasting is facilitated.
The charging and networking mode of inclined shaft construction is basically the same as that of other tunnel face construction, and the difference lies in the detonation mode, and because of the influence of stray current, in order to ensure safety, the antistatic electric detonator is adopted for detonation, and the water-resistant emulsion explosive is subjected to smooth blasting.
5.2.5 track and Equipment inspection
After each blasting, the track arranged in the inclined shaft, the configured signal and video monitoring system are checked in time, and the safety of constructors during mucking is ensured. The mining elevator adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller) electric control automatic control system, and the up-and-down running adopts a signal and video monitoring system to carry out coordination and command. The integrated ball type cameras with night vision function are installed in the areas of the inclined well mouth, the slag discharging platform outside the tunnel and the like, and a signal box and a through telephone are installed between the inclined well bottom and the inclined well mouth and between the inclined well mouth and a driver operating platform of a hoisting machine room. The video monitoring command room is on duty for 24 hours, so that the construction safety is ensured.
The car stopper of the car stopping fence is controlled by a PLC program, a shaft encoder and a sensor are positioned, when the mine car runs to a specified opening (or closing) position, the sensor transmits a signal to the PLC, the PLC commands a motor to rotate, and the motor drives the car stopping fence to ascend (or descend). The schematic diagram refers to fig. 7.
5.2.6 ballast raking and discharging
After the track and the monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft are checked, an excavator is used for raking ballast, the side-turning type mine car is loaded with ballast, an inclined shaft bottom signal worker sends a driving signal to an inclined shaft mouth signal worker after checking that the track has no potential safety hazard, the inclined shaft mouth signal worker checks that the track has no potential safety hazard, a driving signal is sent to a mine elevator driver, the mine elevator driver selects a corresponding gear to drive according to the signal, and the mine elevator is lifted to a ballast unloading point outside the tunnel. When the elevator is stopped, the elevator driver stops according to the signal sent by the signaler.
When the mine hoist is discharged, a full-time annunciator is arranged to strengthen the connection between an inclined wellhead and an inclined shaft bottom and a mine hoist machine room, a car arrester is arranged at the inclined wellhead and managed by a specially-assigned person, the car arrester is always in a normal closed state, and the car arrester can be opened when the car is discharged; the car body is provided with a rope breaking unhooking safety device so that when the rope breaking unhooking happens, the grapple automatically falls down to hook the sleeper and prevent the mine car from sliding downwards; the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the mine car in a non-unhooking mode, so that the possibility of unhooking is avoided.
And at the ballast unloading point outside the tunnel, a loader is adopted to cooperate with a self-unloading vehicle to transport the ballast to a specified ballast abandoning yard.
5.2.7 preliminary bracing
In order to ensure the construction safety, a wet type shotcrete machine is used for shotcreting after the mucking is finished. The wet-type slurry spraying machine greatly reduces the dust concentration beside the machine and outside the nozzle during construction operation, and eliminates the harm to the health of workers; the production rate is high; the rebound degree is low; when wet spraying, the water cement ratio is easy to control, and the concrete has high degree of non-change, so that the mouth quality of sprayed concrete can be greatly improved, and the uniformity of the concrete is improved. The guniting material is mixed by an out-of-hole stirrer, conveyed to the hole of the inclined shaft and then injected into the modified rail type guniting machine.
In order to adapt to the construction environment in the inclined shaft, the shotcrete machine is modified, a machine base capable of walking on the track is added, and the shotcrete machine can conveniently run on the track by using a mining hoister. 2 spraying machines are respectively arranged along two sides of the rail, the arrangement is compact and reasonable, and the manual feeding is convenient. The length and the height of the mine car are suitable for 4 people to shovel and load 2 shotcretes on the mine car. In the construction method, 2 mine cars with 2 tracks are arranged, after the materials on one mine car are used up, the other mine car can be replaced, and the two mine cars are operated in a crossed mode, so that the downtime is shortened, the smooth operation of primary slurry spraying is ensured, and the quality of primary support is ensured. The stirred materials are fed into a hopper of the injection machine from a discharge port of the stirring machine through a vibrating screen, and stirred by a stirring device to be injected into a straight-through material cavity of the rotor and swirl to the discharge port along with rotating rain. During operation, the mixture is conveyed to the inclined shaft hole by a conveying vehicle, then is directly poured into a large hopper, the large hopper is jacked up by a hydraulic cylinder, and when the large hopper is lifted to a certain height, the mixture slides down to a distributing hopper under the effect of self weight, and reaches the receiving hopper of the shotcrete machine through a screen under the effects of gravity and an oscillator; the cylindrical bin is internally provided with an additive, the additive is uniformly delivered to the screen mesh through a screw pump under the effects of gravity and a supercharger, is fully mixed with guniting materials and enters the receiving hopper, the flow of the additive is controlled by a flow sensor, compressed air is introduced from an air chamber, the material is blown into the discharging elbow, another wind pressure is introduced by the cyclone, the material is blown away and accelerated in a multi-wind spiral state, and is rotated and floated to enter the conveying pipe, and a small amount of supplementary moisture (during wet spraying) or liquid accelerating agent (during wet spraying) is added to the nozzle and is sprayed out. In the construction of the inclined shaft, the mechanical operation of the guniting operation is completed by utilizing a wet spraying machine and a guniting manipulator.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention with the equivalent alternatives or modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a mechanized supporting construction equipment of big slope inclined shaft, includes repacking excavation platform truck, a serial communication port, repacking excavation platform truck includes PC160 excavator chassis assembly, inclined shaft excavation platform and cockpit (2), cockpit (2) are located one side outer wall of PC160 excavator chassis assembly, and PC160 excavator chassis assembly includes track subassembly (1), chassis, oil hydraulic pump (4), distributing valve (3) and slow-speed motor (5), track subassembly (1) symmetric distribution is on the bottom both sides outer wall on chassis, and the end connection of oil hydraulic pump (4) has oil pipe, oil pipe's end connection has distributing valve (3), the output of slow-speed motor (5) and the tip of oil hydraulic pump (4) are connected, inclined shaft excavation platform includes steel stand (7), indulges girder steel (8) and anti-skidding reinforcing bar net piece (12), and steel stand (7), Indulge between girder steel (8) through vertically and horizontally staggered formation fixed knot structure, and the bottom outer wall fixed connection of anti-skidding reinforcing bar net piece (12) is on steel stand (7), the fixed connection face outer wall of indulging girder steel (8).
2. The mechanized supporting construction equipment of the large-gradient inclined shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein an end collision prevention stop block (10) is arranged at the end part of the longitudinal steel beam (8) on the outer wall of the top of the inclined shaft excavation platform.
3. The mechanized supporting construction equipment for the large-gradient inclined shaft is characterized in that the four corners of the driving cabin (2) are fixedly connected with upper-beam short pillars (9) at the joints of the inclined shaft excavation platform and the four corners of the driving cabin (2), and cross beam diagonal braces (11) are arranged between the other ends of the upper-beam short pillars (9) and bottom longitudinal steel beams (8) of the inclined shaft excavation platform.
4. The mechanized corollary construction equipment of a heavy grade inclined shaft of claim 1, characterized in that the control end of the chassis assembly of the PC160 excavator is connected with the low speed motor (5).
5. The construction method of the mechanized supporting construction equipment of the large-gradient inclined shaft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the construction method of the mechanized supporting construction equipment of the large-gradient inclined shaft is performed according to the following steps:
s1: construction preparation:
1) selecting a type of a mine hoist;
2) arranging and installing a mine hoist;
3) erecting a ballast unloading trestle;
4) constructing a walking path layout of wind, water, electricity and people;
5) laying a track;
s2: advanced prediction: in order to ensure the accuracy of the advance forecasting of the geology in front of the inclined shaft face, the construction method comprehensively utilizes three modes of geological radar, TSP303 and advance drilling to achieve the aim of accurate forecasting;
s3: measurement and positioning: measuring and lofting an inclined shaft by using a total station, then installing a laser direction finder, checking by using the total station and adjusting the position of the laser direction finder to enable a light beam of the laser direction finder to be at the same position as a point emitted by the total station, and accurately positioning a blast hole by using the laser direction finder;
s4: drilling and blasting: the method adopts a 'person-fixed positioning' mode for operation, the charging and networking modes of inclined shaft construction are basically the same as the construction modes of other tunnel faces, and the difference is that the initiation mode is adopted, and an antistatic electric detonator is adopted for initiation to ensure safety and the smooth blasting of the water-resistant emulsion explosive is adopted due to the influence of stray current;
s5: track and equipment inspection: after each blasting, a track arranged in the inclined shaft, a configured signal and a video monitoring system are checked in time, and the safety of constructors is ensured during mucking;
s6: raking and discharging: after the track and monitoring equipment installed in the inclined shaft are checked, an excavator is used for raking the slag, a side-turning type mine car is used for loading the slag, when a mine hoister discharges the slag, a slag discharging point is arranged outside a tunnel, and a loader is used for matching with a self-discharging car to convey the slag to a specified slag discharging field;
s7: primary support: in order to ensure the construction safety, after mucking is finished, a wet shotcrete machine is used for shotcreting, and in the construction of the inclined shaft, a wet shotcrete machine and a shotcrete mechanical arm are used for completing the mechanical operation of shotcreting operation, so that a mechanical matched construction circulation step of the large-gradient inclined shaft is completed.
6. The mechanized matched construction equipment and method for the large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 5, wherein the internal and external deflection angles of the steel wire rope between the two rope control plates of the winding drum of the mining hoist and the head sheave for mounting the winding drum of the mining hoist of S1 are smaller than 1 degree and 30 degrees, the head sheave of the mining hoist adopts a fixed head sheave, and the included angle between the steel wire rope of the mining hoist and the ground is not smaller than 15 degrees.
7. The mechanized supporting construction equipment and method for the large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 5, wherein in the step of erecting the ballast unloading trestle of S1, the rail of the upper rail of the ballast unloading trestle is 43Kg/m rail, 20 channel steel is used as sleeper, the distance is 80cm, holes are punched on the channel steel and fixed with the rail by fasteners, and the ballast unloading trestle is provided with guard rails and curved rails, the ballast unloading trestle is supported by reinforced concrete piers, the clear span is 10m, the pier foundation of the ballast unloading trestle is composed of 4 circular pillars of reinforced concrete structure and a concrete platform, the concrete foundation is provided with phi 22 steel bars, the steel bars are arranged vertically and horizontally, the distance between the two rows of main bars is 30cm, phi 8 hooping bars are arranged between the two rows of main bars, the height of the ballast unloading trestle is adapted to the angle between the mining steel wire rope and the head sheave of the hoist, the ballast unloading trestle is erected with I32 steel bar, and respectively lay one under rail and the bend, the both ends support department and the pre-buried steel sheet welded fastening of mound top of I32 shaped steel longeron, and I32 shaped steel longeron both sides pier department is provided with I20 shaped steel bracing under the I20 shaped steel longeron, all adopt welded fastening between I20 shaped steel bracing and I32 shaped steel longeron, the pre-buried steel sheet of mound lateral wall, it is provided with the anticollision barricade to unload the landing stage near sheave one end, and the anticollision barricade adopts reinforced concrete structure, highly to promoting the following 20cm of central line, configuration phi 22 owner muscle in the anticollision barricade, interval 30cm establishes the phi 8 stirrup between the owner muscle.
8. The mechanized supporting construction equipment of large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 5The method is characterized in that in the construction of S1, a high-pressure air system adopts 3 pieces of 22m footpaths for arrangement of wind, water, electricity and pedestrian footpaths3A/s air compressor, a phi 150mm air supply steel pipe, a high-voltage transformer station arranged near a winch room of the elevator, two 800KVA transformers arranged in the high-voltage transformer station, a water supply system supplied by a high-level water pool, and the water storage volume of the water pool being 200m3The water supply pipe is a phi 100mm steel pipe, the tunnel ventilation pipe is arranged at the top of the tunnel, the fan type is a 2X 110KW axial flow fan, the phi 1500mm soft ventilation pipe is hung, personnel go up and down the well and adopt mine car transportation and personnel walking paths, the walking paths for construction are arranged on one side of the air and water pipe, the width of each step is 30cm, the length is 100cm, the height is 10cm, a 120 cm-high temporary handrail is arranged on one side close to a track, and the handrail is connected with the vertical steel pipe and welded.
9. The mechanized supporting construction equipment and the method for the large-gradient inclined shaft according to claim 5, wherein the track laying of the S1 mainly comprises track laying, the track is mainly divided into a temporary track and a permanent track during inclined shaft excavation, at least two sets of anti-climbing equipment are installed on each steel rail, and each pair of steel rails comprises three gauge pull rods, a cable supporting wheel, a safety brake and other track auxiliary equipment which are laid together with the track.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115352984A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Inclined shaft rail transportation safety construction method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115352984A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Inclined shaft rail transportation safety construction method |
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Effective date of registration: 20201028 Address after: 401120, 4 Jin Xiang Road, Chongqing, Yubei District Applicant after: CHONGQING COMMUNICATIONS CONSTRUCTION (Group) Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CHONGQING EXPRESSWAY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: Jiangxi Transportation Engineering Group Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CHONGQING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 401120, 4 Jin Xiang Road, Chongqing, Yubei District Applicant before: Li Liangping |
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