CN111827996A - Mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out cast body slice analysis under a transmission light polarization microscope on a compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, then classifying throat types of the compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed by utilizing cast body slice analysis results and the mechanical properties, then carrying out preliminary reservoir classification by combining a single-well yield correlation chart obtained by reservoir mechanical characteristic parameter correlation analysis, and then correcting preliminary reservoir classification results by utilizing mercury intrusion experiment data to obtain secondary reservoir classification; then correcting the secondary reservoir classification by utilizing the three pore-throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification; and finally, carrying out final verification on the classification of the tertiary reservoir through a gas-water phase permeability analysis experiment, and judging the later fracturing modification capacity of the reservoir according to the final classification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas exploration and development of tight sandstone, and particularly relates to a tight sandstone gas reservoir classification method based on rock mechanical properties, in particular to a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties.
Background
The compact sandstone reservoir has the characteristic of low matrix flow conductivity, gas transportation mainly passes through natural fractures, fractures are required to be fractured and fractured so as to communicate and activate the natural fractures, the topological structure level and the complexity of hydraulic fractures are greatly increased, and the expansion of the hydraulic fractures has diversity and complexity. For compact reservoirs distributed in large areas in research areas, the yield of test gas is generally low, and production improvement through fracturing modification is urgently needed. With the improvement of oil and gas exploration degree and the improvement of process technology in recent years, a huge amount of oil and gas resources stored in a compact reservoir stratum are gradually known by people, and the important value of the oil and gas resources is more and more displayed in oil and gas development. However, the characteristics of the tight sandstone gas reservoir, such as relatively unstable minerals with high content in sandstone, plastic rock debris and the like and changes thereof in the diagenetic evolution process, various autogenous minerals formed in a complex diagenetic action process and diagenetic stages, differences of the production states and the content of the autogenous minerals, and the like, lead to stronger pore structure heterogeneity of the reservoir, higher saturation of the irreducible water, poorer seepage capability of the reservoir and the like, and lead to different later-stage fracturing effects, so that the tight sandstone reservoir is not applicable to a common reservoir classification evaluation method according to the physical property classification of the reservoir, and is difficult to meet the requirements of tight sandstone gas reservoir evaluation, the common reservoir mainly has an evaluation permeability of more than 1mD reservoir, the irreducible water saturation is relatively low, the mechanical property of the reservoir is single, and the later-stage fracturing effect is basically not considered; in addition, the existing tight sandstone reservoir classification is not tightly combined with the mechanical properties of the reservoir, so that the evaluation of the later-stage fracturing modification effect is influenced, and a corresponding classification scheme is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties, and overcomes the defects that the classification of a compact sandstone reservoir according to the physical properties of the reservoir in the prior art is a common reservoir classification evaluation method which is not applicable and is difficult to meet the requirements of compact sandstone gas reservoir evaluation, the common reservoir is mainly a reservoir with the evaluation permeability of more than 1mD, the irreducible water saturation is relatively low, the mechanical properties of the reservoir are single, and the later fracturing effect is basically not considered; the existing compact sandstone reservoir classification is not tightly combined with reservoir mechanical properties, so that the evaluation of the later fracturing modification effect is influenced.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties comprises the following steps:
step 1) carrying out cast body slice analysis under a transmission light polarization microscope on a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and classifying the throat types of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed according to the cast body slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties;
step 2) counting mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and carrying out correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, and then carrying out preliminary reservoir classification on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed by combining the throat type in the step 1);
step 3) when the correlation between the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, collecting mercury intrusion experimental data of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to correct the primary reservoir classification result in the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification;
step 4) when the correlation between mercury intrusion experimental data of a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, fitting the throat type identified under the transmission light polarization microscope by applying the casting slice analysis data in the step 1) in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experimental curve, dividing three types of pore-throat combination types, and correcting the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) by applying the three types of pore-throat combination to obtain three reservoir classifications;
step 5) selecting key wells for carrying out gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and finally verifying the classification of the tertiary reservoir in the step 4);
and 6) carrying out comprehensive classification through the steps 2) to 5) to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties, and judging the later fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties.
Preferably, the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is divided into a rigid throat and a plastic throat according to cast body slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties in the step 1); when the interparticle seams are rigid scraps, the throat is a rigid throat, and when the interparticle seams are plastic scraps, the throat is a plastic throat.
Preferably, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the step 2) are gas layer, average permeability and porosity of the gas-containing layer and single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow, wherein the single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow is the yield of first gas test of the well layer, a scatter diagram is drawn according to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed for correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, preliminary reservoir classification is performed according to the correlation chart of the single-well yield and by combining the throat type in the step 1), and the preliminary reservoir classification is divided into at least three types.
Preferably, the preliminary reservoir is classified into a class I, a class II and a class III, wherein the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class I is a rigid throat, the porosity is greater than 10%, and the permeability is greater than 0.5mD, the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class II is a mixture of a rigid throat and a plastic throat, the porosity is 5-10%, and the permeability is 0.1-0.5 mD, and the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class III is a plastic throat, the porosity is less than 5%, and the permeability is less than 0.1 mD.
Preferably, the medium-pressure mercury experimental data in the step 3) are drainage pressure, sorting performance, pore radius or mainstream throat radius, and the medium-pressure mercury experimental data with strong correlation with the single-well yield of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is selected to correct the preliminary reservoir classification result in the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification.
Preferably, in the step 4), the casting sheet analysis data is used to fit the pore types of the intergranular pores, the solution pores and the intergranular pores, the pore reduction types, the necking types, the bent sheet types or the tube bundle types identified under the transmitted light polarization microscope in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experiment curve to obtain three types of pore-throat combination types, wherein the three types of pore-throat combination types are type a: the curve is weak monomodal, type B: the curve is bimodal trough type, C type: the curve is in a strong unimodal shape, the reservoir corresponding to the A-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the B-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type II, the reservoir corresponding to the C-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type III, and the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) is corrected according to the three types of pore throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification.
Preferably, in the step 5), a key well is selected for the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to perform gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments, and the tight sandstone reservoir can be identified and classified into a d-type gas phase concave upward type, an e-type gas phase which tends to be linear from the concave upward type along with the reduction of water saturation, and an f-type gas phase linear type, wherein the reservoir corresponding to the d-type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the e-type is classified into a type II, and the reservoir corresponding to the f-type is classified into a type III.
Preferably, the comprehensive classification in the step 6) is to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties through the steps 2) to 5), and determine reservoir mechanical characteristics, pore throat combination types, pore structure characteristics and seepage performance corresponding to different reservoir classifications; and judging the later stage fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties, wherein the I type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a high-quality reservoir, the II type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a medium reservoir, and the III type reservoir is unfavorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a non-effective reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method, firstly, casting slice analysis is carried out on a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed under a transmission light polarization microscope, then throat types of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed are classified into a rigid throat and a plastic throat by combining a casting slice analysis result with mechanical properties, then preliminary reservoir classification is carried out by combining a single-well yield correlation chart obtained by reservoir mechanical characteristic parameter correlation analysis, and then the preliminary reservoir classification result is corrected by using mercury intrusion experiment data to obtain secondary reservoir classification; then correcting the secondary reservoir classification by utilizing the three pore-throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification; finally, the classification of the three reservoirs is finally verified through a gas-water phase permeability analysis experiment, and the later fracturing modification capacity of the reservoirs is judged according to the final classification;
(2) the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties integrates multiple geological parameters influencing reservoir quality, is simple and easy to operate, establishes accurate comprehensive evaluation criteria of the compact sandstone reservoir, and can effectively guide exploration and development selection areas of the reservoir; according to the invention, based on the classification of reservoir mechanical properties, the organic combination of geology and process can be realized, the selection of a fracturing construction scheme is guided, and the single-well yield is effectively improved;
(3) the method can more accurately perform classified evaluation on the reservoir stratum with the permeability of less than 1mD, and is suitable for the exploration and evaluation work of oil and gas fields with compact reservoir stratum; the invention improves the precision of reservoir description classification by utilizing transmitted light polarization microscope analysis, high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, constant-speed mercury-pressing experiment and gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment, thereby more accurately determining the classification evaluation of the compact reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micrograph of a plastic throat ingot slice according to example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a micrograph of a thin slab of a rigid throat casting according to example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the correlation between permeability and unimpeded flow of solar gas in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the radius of the mainstream throat and the permeability in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a type A of the three types of pore-throat combinations in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a type B of three types of pore-throat combinations in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a C-shape of three types of pore-throat combinations in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a d-form of gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a type e of gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment in example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a f-form of gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment in example 8 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:
it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, since the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific structures, proportions, and dimensions, or otherwise, unless otherwise specified, since various modifications, changes in the proportions and variations thereof, can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses a mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1) carrying out cast body slice analysis under a transmission light polarization microscope on a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and classifying the throat types of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed according to the cast body slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties;
step 2) counting mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and carrying out correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, and then carrying out preliminary reservoir classification on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed by combining the throat type in the step 1);
step 3) when the correlation between the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, collecting mercury intrusion experimental data of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to correct the primary reservoir classification result in the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification;
step 4) when the correlation between mercury intrusion experimental data of a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, fitting the throat type identified under the transmission light polarization microscope by applying the casting slice analysis data in the step 1) in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experimental curve, dividing three types of pore-throat combination types, and correcting the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) by applying the three types of pore-throat combination to obtain three reservoir classifications;
step 5) selecting key wells for carrying out gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and finally verifying the classification of the tertiary reservoir in the step 4);
and 6) carrying out comprehensive classification through the steps 2) to 5) to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties, and judging the later fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties.
Example 2
Preferably, the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is divided into a rigid throat and a plastic throat according to cast body slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties in the step 1); when the interparticle seams are rigid scraps, the throat is a rigid throat, and when the interparticle seams are plastic scraps, the throat is a plastic throat.
The rigid debris mainly comprises quartz, including flint, quartz debris, relatively fresh feldspar and partial debris such as metamorphic silty debris and the like; the plastic debris mainly comprises slightly-modified phyllite and slate rock debris, and a small amount of mica, argillaceous altered rock debris, codeposited mudstone rock debris and the like.
The analysis of the cast body slice under the transmission light polarization microscope is the conventional operation, and the size of the cast body slice also belongs to the national standard size.
Example 3
Preferably, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the step 2) are gas layer, average permeability and porosity of the gas-containing layer and single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow, wherein the single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow is the yield of first gas test of the well layer, a scatter diagram is drawn according to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed for correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, preliminary reservoir classification is performed according to the correlation chart of the single-well yield and by combining the throat type in the step 1), and the preliminary reservoir classification is divided into at least three types.
Preferably, the preliminary reservoir is classified into a class I, a class II and a class III, wherein the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class I is a rigid throat, the porosity is greater than 10%, and the permeability is greater than 0.5mD, the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class II is a mixture of a rigid throat and a plastic throat, the porosity is 5-10%, and the permeability is 0.1-0.5 mD, and the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed in the class III is a plastic throat, the porosity is less than 5%, and the permeability is less than 0.1 mD.
Example 4
Preferably, the medium-pressure mercury experimental data in the step 3) are drainage pressure, sorting performance, pore radius or mainstream throat radius, and the medium-pressure mercury experimental data with strong correlation with the single-well yield of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is selected to correct the preliminary reservoir classification result in the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification.
Preferably, the drainage pressure, the sorting property, the pore radius or the mainstream throat radius which have the strongest correlation with the porosity and the permeability are selected to correct the preliminary reservoir classification result.
The mercury injection experimental data are obtained through a high-pressure mercury injection experiment, and belong to the existing experimental method.
Example 5
Preferably, in the step 4), the casting sheet analysis data is used to fit the pore types of the intergranular pores, the solution pores and the intergranular pores, the pore reduction types, the necking types, the bent sheet types or the tube bundle types identified under the transmitted light polarization microscope in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experiment curve to obtain three types of pore-throat combination types, wherein the three types of pore-throat combination types are type a: the curve is weak monomodal, type B: the curve is bimodal trough type, C type: the curve is in a strong unimodal shape, the reservoir corresponding to the A-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the B-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type II, the reservoir corresponding to the C-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type III, and the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) is corrected according to the three types of pore throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification.
The constant-speed mercury pressing experiment belongs to the existing experiment method.
Example 6
Preferably, in the step 5), a key well is selected for the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to perform gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments, and the tight sandstone reservoir can be identified and classified into a d-type gas phase concave upward type, an e-type gas phase which tends to be linear from the concave upward type along with the reduction of water saturation, and an f-type gas phase linear type, wherein the reservoir corresponding to the d-type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the e-type is classified into a type II, and the reservoir corresponding to the f-type is classified into a type III.
Preferably, the three reservoir classifications can be finally verified by nmr experiments.
The gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment belongs to the existing experimental method.
Example 7
Preferably, the comprehensive classification in the step 6) is to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties through the steps 2) to 5), and determine reservoir mechanical characteristics, pore throat combination types, pore structure characteristics and seepage performance corresponding to different reservoir classifications; and judging the later stage fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties, wherein the I type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a high-quality reservoir, the II type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a medium reservoir, and the III type reservoir is unfavorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a non-effective reservoir.
Example 8
The specific example of the Eldos basin Suldde-Wuberg area is further explained below, the area is influenced by multiple sources and complex ancient water systems, the sedimentary facies and reservoir sand body have large space-time migration and strong reservoir heterogeneity, the main strata series box 8 section and the reservoir of the Shanxi group are low-hole and low-permeability compact sandstone reservoirs, the single-well gas testing yield is generally low, and the next natural gas exploration and area optimization are influenced.
The present example provides a reservoir classification method for the tight sandstone reservoir described above, comprising the steps of:
step 1) carrying out transmission light polarization microscope casting slice observation and qualification on a compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and dividing the reservoir into a rigid throat (when the interparticle gaps of the particles are rigid fragments, the throat is a rigid throat) and a plastic throat (when the interparticle gaps of the particles are plastic fragments, the throat is a plastic throat) according to mechanical properties.
As shown in fig. 1, the interparticle seams of the reservoir particles are plastic chips and are plastic throats, and as shown in fig. 2, the interparticle seams of the reservoir particles are rigid chips and are rigid throats.
As shown in fig. 3, step 2) respectively counting the average permeability and porosity of the tight sandstone gas layer, the gas-containing layer and the daily gas production unimpeded flow rate of the single well according to two throat types, drawing a scatter diagram to perform correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single well yield, and performing primary reservoir classification according to the correlation chart of the single well yield, wherein the primary reservoir classification is classified into a type I, a type II and a type III, wherein the throat type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed of the type I is a rigid throat, the porosity is greater than 10%, the permeability is greater than 0.5mD, and the unimpeded flow rate is greater than 2 ten thousand square/day; the type of the throat of the II-class compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is a mixture of a rigid throat and a plastic throat, the porosity is 5-10%, the permeability is 0.1-0.5 mD, the unimpeded flow rate is 0.2-2 ten thousand square/day, the type of the throat of the III-class compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is a plastic throat, the porosity is less than 5%, the permeability is less than 0.1mD, and the unimpeded flow rate is less than 0.2 ten thousand square/day.
And 3) when the correlation between the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, collecting mercury intrusion experimental data (namely the pore structure type) of the reservoir to be analyzed, selecting data with strongest correlation between the drainage pressure, the sorting property, the pore radius, the mainstream throat radius and the like and the porosity and the permeability to correct the preliminary reservoir classification result in the step 2), wherein the data is I when the mainstream throat radius is greater than 0.5%, II when the mainstream throat radius is 0.1-0.5%, and III when the mainstream throat radius is less than 0.1%.
And correcting the preliminary reservoir classification result by taking displacement pressure, sortability and pore radius, as shown in table 1.
In this embodiment, the radius of the main flow throat is selected for correction, as shown in fig. 4, the correlation between the radius of the main flow throat and the permeability is strong, the radius of the main flow throat of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is obtained, the corresponding permeability is obtained through calculation by a correlation fitting formula, and the preliminary reservoir classification result is corrected according to the reservoir classification corresponding to the permeability value in step 2).
As shown in fig. 5 to 7, in step 4), when the correlation between mercury intrusion experimental data of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, fitting the pore types of intergranular pores, solution pores and intergranular pores, and throat types such as pore reduction type, necking type, bent sheet type and tube bundle type, which are identified under a transmission light polarization microscope, in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experimental curve by using casting sheet analysis data to mark three types of pore-throat combination type a: the curve is weak monomodal, type B: the curve is bimodal trough type, C type: the curve is in a strong unimodal shape, the reservoir corresponding to the A-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the B-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type II, the reservoir corresponding to the C-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type III, and the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) is corrected by applying three types of pore throat combinations.
In addition, tight sandstone reservoirs to be analyzed were classified by surface porosity, wherein class i is when the surface porosity is > 3%, class ii is when the surface porosity is 0.5-3%, and class iii is when the surface porosity is < 0.5%, as shown in table 1.
The tight sandstone reservoirs to be analyzed are classified according to the pore type, wherein intergranular pores and dissolved pores are of type I, dissolved pores and intergranular pores are of type II, and intergranular pores are of type III, as shown in Table 1.
The tight sandstone reservoirs to be analyzed are classified through the main seepage channels, wherein intergranular pores, solution pores and flaky throats are of type I, solution pores and flaky throats are of type II, and throats are of type III, as shown in Table 1.
As shown in fig. 8-10, in the step 5), a key well is selected for a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to perform gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments, and the d-type gas-phase concave upward type (low bound water saturation), the e-type gas phase tends to be linear from the concave upward type along with the reduction of the water saturation (higher bound water along with the water saturation), and the f-type gas phase linear type (high bound water) can be identified and classified, wherein the reservoir corresponding to the d-type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the e-type is classified into a type II, the reservoir corresponding to the f-type is classified into a type III, and the tertiary reservoir classification in the step 4) is finally verified.
The gas-water phase permeability analysis experiment can obtain movable water saturation, irreducible water saturation and a gas-water phase permeability curve (permeability performance), and the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is classified according to the movable water saturation, the irreducible water saturation and the gas-water phase permeability curve, as shown in table 1.
Step 6) comprehensive classification is carried out, classification evaluation is carried out through the selected reservoir master control parameters, and one or more combinations of parameters such as reservoir mechanical characteristics, pore-throat combination types, pore structure characteristics, seepage performance and the like corresponding to different types of reservoirs are determined: the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Subsolid-Wu Bao area reservoir comprehensive classification table
In table 1, the type I reservoir is favorable for the later-stage fracturing reformation and is defined as a high-quality reservoir, the type II reservoir is favorable for the later-stage fracturing reformation and is defined as a medium reservoir, and the type III reservoir is unfavorable for the later-stage fracturing reformation and is defined as an ineffective reservoir, wherein the pore-throat combination type, the pore structure characteristics and the seepage performance corresponding to each type of reservoir are different, and the type of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed can be accurately and quickly determined according to the parameters.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties, which mainly solves the problems that the combination of the current compact sandstone reservoir classification and the reservoir mechanical properties is not tight, the evaluation of the later fracturing modification effect is influenced, and the like, and comprises the following steps: determining the throat mechanical property of a reservoir through a microscopic slice, and finely classifying the compact sandstone reservoir by integrating the physical properties (average permeability and porosity) of the reservoir, the daily gas production and no-resistance flow of a single well, a high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, a constant-speed mercury-pressing experiment curve and a gas-water phase permeability analysis experiment; according to the method, firstly, casting slice analysis is carried out on a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed under a transmission light polarization microscope, then throat types of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed are classified into a rigid throat and a plastic throat by combining a casting slice analysis result with mechanical properties, then preliminary reservoir classification is carried out by combining a single-well yield correlation chart obtained by reservoir mechanical characteristic parameter correlation analysis, and then the preliminary reservoir classification result is corrected by using mercury intrusion experiment data to obtain secondary reservoir classification; then correcting the secondary reservoir classification by utilizing the three pore-throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification; and finally, performing final verification on the three-time reservoir classification through a gas-water phase permeability analysis experiment, and judging the later fracturing modification capacity of the reservoir according to the final classification.
The multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method based on mechanical properties integrates multiple geological parameters influencing reservoir quality, is simple and easy to operate, establishes accurate comprehensive evaluation criteria of the compact sandstone reservoir, and can effectively guide exploration and development selection areas of the reservoir; the method is based on the classification of reservoir mechanical properties, can realize the organic combination of geology and process, guides the selection of a fracturing construction scheme, and effectively improves the yield of a single well.
The method can more accurately perform classified evaluation on the reservoir stratum with the permeability of less than 1mD, and is suitable for the exploration and evaluation work of oil and gas fields with compact reservoir stratum; the invention improves the precision of reservoir description classification by utilizing transmitted light polarization microscope analysis, high-pressure mercury-pressing experiment, constant-speed mercury-pressing experiment and gas-water phase permeation analysis experiment, thereby more accurately determining the classification evaluation of the compact reservoir.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims. The components and structures of the present embodiments that are not described in detail are well known in the art and do not constitute essential structural elements or elements.
Claims (8)
1. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) carrying out cast body slice analysis under a transmission light polarization microscope on a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and classifying the throat types of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed according to the cast body slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties;
step 2) counting mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and carrying out correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, and then carrying out preliminary reservoir classification on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed by combining the throat type in the step 1);
step 3) when the correlation between the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, collecting mercury intrusion experimental data of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to correct the primary reservoir classification result in the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification;
step 4) when the correlation between mercury intrusion experimental data of a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed and the single-well yield is not high, fitting the throat type identified under the transmission light polarization microscope by applying the casting slice analysis data in the step 1) in a constant-speed mercury intrusion experimental curve, dividing three types of pore-throat combination types, and correcting the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) by applying the three types of pore-throat combination to obtain three reservoir classifications;
step 5) selecting key wells for carrying out gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments on the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed, and finally verifying the classification of the tertiary reservoir in the step 4);
and 6) carrying out comprehensive classification through the steps 2) to 5) to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties, and judging the later fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties.
2. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the throat type of the compact sandstone reservoir to be analyzed is divided into a rigid throat and a plastic throat according to casting slice analysis and by combining mechanical properties; when the interparticle seams are rigid scraps, the throat is a rigid throat, and when the interparticle seams are plastic scraps, the throat is a plastic throat.
3. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 2) in the step 2), the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed are gas layer, average permeability and porosity of the gas-containing layer and single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow, wherein the single-well daily gas production unimpeded flow is the yield of the first gas test of the well layer, a scatter diagram is drawn according to the mechanical characteristic parameters of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed for correlation analysis to obtain a correlation chart of the single-well yield, preliminary reservoir classification is carried out according to the correlation chart of the single-well yield and the throat type in the step 1), and the preliminary reservoir classification is divided into at least three types.
4. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preliminary reservoir is classified into a class I, a class II and a class III, wherein the type of the throat of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed of the class I is a rigid throat, the porosity is greater than 10%, and the permeability is greater than 0.5mD, the type of the throat of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed of the class II is a mixture of the rigid throat and the plastic throat, the porosity is 5-10%, and the permeability is 0.1-0.5 mD, and the type of the throat of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed of the class III is the plastic throat, the porosity is less than 5%, and the permeability is less than 0.1 mD.
5. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3) selecting medium-pressure mercury experimental data of the step 3) as displacement pressure, sorting property, pore radius or mainstream throat radius, and selecting the medium-pressure mercury experimental data with strong correlation with the single-well yield of the tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to correct the primary reservoir classification result of the step 2) to obtain secondary reservoir classification.
6. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4) fitting the pore types, pore reduction types, neck reduction types, bent sheet types or tube bundle types of the intergranular pores, the dissolved pores and the intergranular pores identified by the transmission light polarization microscope by using the casting sheet analysis data in a constant-speed mercury intrusion test curve to obtain three types of pore-throat combination types, wherein the three types of pore-throat combination types are A types: the curve is weak monomodal, type B: the curve is bimodal trough type, C type: the curve is in a strong unimodal shape, the reservoir corresponding to the A-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the B-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type II, the reservoir corresponding to the C-type pore throat combination type is classified into a type III, and the secondary reservoir classification in the step 3) is corrected according to the three types of pore throat combination types to obtain a tertiary reservoir classification.
7. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 5), a key well is selected for a tight sandstone reservoir to be analyzed to perform gas-water phase permeability analysis experiments, and the tight sandstone reservoir can be identified and classified into a d-type gas phase concave upward type, an e-type gas phase tending to a straight line from the concave upward type along with the reduction of water saturation, and an f-type gas phase linear type, wherein the reservoir corresponding to the d-type is classified into a type I, the reservoir corresponding to the e-type is classified into a type II, and the reservoir corresponding to the f-type is classified into a type III.
8. The mechanical property-based multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the comprehensive classification in the step 6) is to obtain a multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative compact sandstone reservoir classification based on mechanical properties through the steps 2) to 5), and determine reservoir mechanical characteristics, pore throat combination types, pore structure characteristics and seepage performance corresponding to different reservoir classifications; and judging the later stage fracturing modification capability of the reservoir according to the multi-parameter comprehensive qualitative tight sandstone reservoir classification based on the mechanical properties, wherein the I type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a high-quality reservoir, the II type reservoir is favorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a medium reservoir, and the III type reservoir is unfavorable for the later stage fracturing modification and is defined as a non-effective reservoir.
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