CN111827975A - II interface well cementation quality evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A II interface well cementation quality evaluation method comprises the following steps: performing wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition on the acquired full wavetrain signal of the variable density logging by using a preset wavelet basis function to obtain time-frequency information of a full wavetrain waveform; secondly, respectively determining energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave based on time-frequency information of the full wave train waveform and in combination with distribution ranges of a time domain and a frequency domain corresponding to the obtained formation wave and the casing wave; and step three, determining the cementing state of the second interface well cementation according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the quantitative evaluation on the cementing quality of the II interface well cementation can be realized, the realization mode is simpler and quicker, and the obtained result is more accurate, so that the method is more suitable for the production requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a II interface well cementation quality evaluation method.
Background
The acoustic radiation variable density well logging is a conventional well cementation quality well logging method at present, but in view of the current industry standard, the evaluation of the second interface usually stays in the qualitative aspect, and is a very subjective evaluation system, and the quantitative evaluation of the well cementation second interface is still a difficult problem. Some researchers also propose corresponding methods for evaluating the II < th > interface (such as methods of combining open hole time difference with formation waves and the like), but the methods are not well applied and popularized.
The currently mainstream quantitative evaluation method for the interface II is an energy spectrum method, which mainly performs Fourier transform on variable density logging full waveform data, captures the energy of formation waves and casing waves in a frequency domain interval, and further realizes the purpose of quantitatively evaluating the interface II by utilizing the proportion between the formation waves and the casing waves. However, this method requires that the frequency ranges of the formation and casing waves must be known accurately, which is often difficult to achieve. There is also significant overlap of the frequency ranges of formation and casing waves in some work areas, which can seriously affect the accuracy of the evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a II interface cementing quality evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
performing wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition on the acquired full wavetrain signal of the variable density logging by using a preset wavelet basis function to obtain time-frequency information of a full wavetrain waveform;
secondly, based on the time-frequency information of the full wave train waveform, respectively determining energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave in combination with the distribution ranges of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the obtained formation wave and the casing wave;
and step three, determining a second interface well cementation state according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step one, the preset wavelet basis functions are determined according to the following steps:
respectively calculating errors between full wave train waveforms reconstructed by the candidate wavelet basis functions and original variable density waveforms to obtain reconstruction errors corresponding to the candidate wavelet basis functions;
and selecting a candidate wavelet basis function corresponding to the reconstruction error with the minimum value to obtain the preset wavelet basis function.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the reconstruction error is determined according to the following expression:
where e denotes the reconstruction error, S denotes the original variable density waveform, S1The reconstructed full-wave-train waveform is shown, and N represents the length of the discrete signal.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the first step, continuous wavelet coefficients of all scales are obtained by shifting the wavelet and changing the wavelet size expansion coefficient, so as to capture the time-frequency information of the full wavetrain waveform.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of determining the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave comprises the following steps:
selecting a full wave train signal with representative significance from a stratum depth section with lithology representative significance of the same well;
and carrying out Fourier transform analysis on the selected full-wavetrain signals, and determining the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the formation waves according to the obtained spectrogram and the period in the variable density full-wavetrain signals of the formation wave definition section.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the casing wave is determined according to the acquired calibration data of the empty casing.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, the arrival time ranges corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave are determined according to the obtained modeling data or the manual calibration data, so as to obtain the distribution ranges of the time domains corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the second step, in the distribution ranges of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave, the time-frequency analysis energy spectrum result is respectively integrated based on the time-frequency information of the full wave train waveform, and the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave are correspondingly obtained.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in said step three,
respectively acquiring the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave;
and determining a second interface well cementation state quantitative parameter according to the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed, wherein the larger the value of the second interface well cementation state quantitative parameter is, the higher the second interface well cementation quality is represented.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the II interface cementing state quantitative parameter is determined according to the following expression:
wherein, BI2Representing a quantitative parameter of the cementing state of the second interface, EFRepresenting the total energy of the casing wave at the depth point to be analyzed, ECRepresenting the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed.
The method for evaluating the II interface well cementation quality can realize quantitative evaluation on the II interface well cementation quality. Compared with the prior art, the method is simpler and quicker to realize, and the obtained result is more accurate, so that the method is more suitable for the production requirement.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation of a method for evaluating the cementing quality of an interface II according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of variable density log full waveform data according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a data diagram of candidate wavelet basis functions according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a time-frequency exploded view of a variable density log full waveform data, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details or with other methods described herein.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and, although a logical order is illustrated in the flow charts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel method for evaluating the quality of the II interface well cementation, which is used for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the II interface well cementation based on time-frequency decomposition, so that the accuracy of evaluating the quality of the II interface well cementation is improved.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic implementation flow diagram of the second interface cementing quality evaluation method provided by this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for evaluating the cementing quality of the second interface cementing according to this embodiment, in step S101, a preset wavelet basis function is used to perform wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition on the acquired full wavetrain signal of the variable density logging, so that time-frequency information of a full wavetrain waveform can be obtained.
Specifically, in this embodiment, when determining the preset wavelet basis functions that need to be used in step S101, the method preferably first calculates errors between full-wave train waveforms reconstructed by the candidate wavelet basis functions and original variable density waveforms, respectively, so as to obtain reconstruction errors corresponding to the candidate wavelet basis functions. Then, the method selects a candidate wavelet basis function corresponding to the reconstruction error with the minimum value from the obtained plurality of reconstruction errors, so that the preset wavelet basis function is obtained.
In this embodiment, the method preferably determines the reconstruction error corresponding to the candidate wavelet basis function according to the following expression:
where e denotes the reconstruction error, S denotes the original variable density waveform, S1The reconstructed full-wave-train waveform is shown, and N represents the length of the discrete signal. Wherein, the original variable density waveform S is the variable density loggingA wave train signal.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, the candidate wavelet basis functions include three functions of db function, moret function and sym function. With expression (1), as shown in fig. 3, the db function corresponds to a reconstruction error of 56, the moret function corresponds to a reconstruction error of 52, and the sym function corresponds to a reconstruction error of 87. Therefore, the moret function can be selected as the preset wavelet basis function used in step S101.
Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the method may also determine the preset wavelet basis functions to be used in other reasonable manners according to actual needs, which is not limited in the present invention.
In this embodiment, in step S101, the method preferably obtains all scales of continuous wavelet coefficients by shifting the wavelet and changing the wavelet size expansion coefficient, and further captures the time-frequency information of the full wavetrain waveform. Fig. 4 shows an exploded view of the variable density logging full waveform data obtained in this embodiment.
Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the method may also perform wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition on the acquired full wave train signal of the variable density logging by adopting other reasonable manners according to actual needs, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 again, in this embodiment, after obtaining the time-frequency information of the full-wave train waveform, in step S102, the method preferably determines the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave by combining the obtained distribution ranges of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave based on the time-frequency information of the full-wave train waveform obtained in step S101.
It has been found through research that the frequency range of the casing wave for the frequency domain is related to the acoustic frequency of the instrument used, and that the frequency range is substantially fixed when the instrument used determines it. Therefore, in this embodiment, the method may preferably determine the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the casing wave according to the acquired calibration data of the empty casing. For example, the frequency domain corresponding to the casing wave is distributed in a range of 10000Hz to 20000 Hz.
For the formation wave, the corresponding frequency domain is related to lithology. Therefore, in this embodiment, the method preferably selects a full-wavetrain signal having a representative meaning from a formation depth section having a lithologic representative meaning in the same well of the second cementing compound to be analyzed, and then performs fourier transform analysis on the selected full-wavetrain signal, so as to determine the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave according to the obtained spectrogram and the period in the variable density full-wavetrain signal of the formation wave definition section. For example, the formation wave may correspond to a frequency and distribution range between 5000Hz and 9000 Hz.
For the time domain, in this embodiment, the method preferably determines the arrival time ranges corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave according to the obtained modeling data or the manual calibration data, so as to obtain the distribution ranges of the time domain corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave. It should be noted that the influence of lithology preferably needs to be considered when determining the arrival time ranges corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave.
Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, according to practical situations, the method may also use other reasonable manners to obtain the distribution ranges of the time domain and/or the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave, which is not limited by the present invention.
In this embodiment, in step S102, preferably, the method integrates the time-frequency analysis energy spectrum result based on the time-frequency information of the full-wave train waveform in the distribution range of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the acquired formation wave and casing wave, so as to obtain the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave correspondingly.
After obtaining the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave, as shown in FIG. 1, the method preferably determines a second interface cementing state in step S103 based on the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave obtained in step S102.
In this embodiment, in step S103, the method preferably reflects the second interface cementing state by calculating a value of the second interface cementing state quantitative parameter. The larger the value of the quantitative parameter of the second interface well cementation state is, the higher the characteristic second interface well cementation quality is.
Specifically, in this embodiment, when calculating the value of the second interface cementing state quantitative parameter, the method preferably first obtains the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave obtained in step S102, and then determines the second interface cementing state quantitative parameter according to the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed.
In this embodiment, the method may determine the second interface cementing state quantitative parameter according to the following expression:
wherein, BI2Representing a quantitative parameter of the cementing state of the second interface, EFRepresenting the total energy of the casing wave at the depth point to be analyzed, ECRepresenting the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed.
For example, in this embodiment, taking the full waveform data of the variable density log shown in fig. 2 as an example, the energy value of the formation wave determined in step S102 is 57.19, and the energy value of the casing wave is 230.27. The energy value of the formation wave can be used as the total energy of the casing wave at the depth point to be analyzed, and the energy value of the formation wave can also be used as the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed. Therefore, according to the expression (2), the value of the II interface cementing state quantitative parameter of the depth point to be analyzed can be finally determined to be 0.2. Wherein, the second interface cementing state quantitative parameter with the value of 0.2 represents the poor cementing state.
From the above description, it can be seen that the method for evaluating the cementing quality of the second interface provided by the invention can realize quantitative evaluation of the cementing quality of the second interface. Compared with the prior art, the method is simpler and quicker to realize, and the obtained result is more accurate, so that the method is more suitable for the production requirement.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures or process steps disclosed herein, but extend to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those skilled in the relevant art. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
While the above examples are illustrative of the principles of the present invention in one or more applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form, usage and details of implementation can be made without departing from the principles and concepts of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A II interface well cementation quality evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
performing wavelet transform time-frequency decomposition on the acquired full wavetrain signal of the variable density logging by using a preset wavelet basis function to obtain time-frequency information of a full wavetrain waveform;
secondly, based on the time-frequency information of the full wave train waveform, respectively determining energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave in combination with the distribution ranges of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the obtained formation wave and the casing wave;
and step three, determining a second interface well cementation state according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, the predetermined wavelet basis functions are determined according to the following steps:
respectively calculating errors between full wave train waveforms reconstructed by the candidate wavelet basis functions and original variable density waveforms to obtain reconstruction errors corresponding to the candidate wavelet basis functions;
and selecting a candidate wavelet basis function corresponding to the reconstruction error with the minimum value to obtain the preset wavelet basis function.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the reconstruction error is determined according to the expression:
where e denotes the reconstruction error, S denotes the original variable density waveform, S1The reconstructed full-wave-train waveform is shown, and N represents the length of the discrete signal.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the first step, continuous wavelet coefficients of all scales are obtained by shifting wavelets and changing wavelet size expansion coefficients, and then time-frequency information of a full wavetrain waveform is captured.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step of determining the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave comprises:
selecting a full wave train signal with representative significance from a stratum depth section with lithology representative significance of the same well;
and carrying out Fourier transform analysis on the selected full-wavetrain signals, and determining the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the formation waves according to the obtained spectrogram and the period in the variable density full-wavetrain signals of the formation wave definition section.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the second step, the distribution range of the frequency domain corresponding to the casing wave is determined according to the acquired calibration data of the empty casing.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the second step, the arrival time ranges corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave are determined according to the obtained modeling data or the obtained artificial calibration data, and the distribution ranges of the time domains corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave are obtained.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the second step, in the distribution range of the time domain and the frequency domain corresponding to the formation wave and the casing wave, the time-frequency analysis energy spectrum result is respectively integrated based on the time-frequency information of the full wave train waveform, and the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave are correspondingly obtained.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, in step three,
respectively acquiring the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed according to the energy values of the formation wave and the casing wave;
and determining a second interface well cementation state quantitative parameter according to the total energy of the casing wave and the total energy of the formation wave at the depth point to be analyzed, wherein the larger the value of the second interface well cementation state quantitative parameter is, the higher the second interface well cementation quality is represented.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second interface cementing status quantification parameter is determined according to the expression:
wherein, BI2Representing a quantitative parameter of the cementing state of the second interface, EFRepresenting the total energy of the casing wave at the depth point to be analyzed, ECRepresenting formation waves at a depth point to be analysedTotal energy.
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