CN111826972A - Rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles - Google Patents
Rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles Download PDFInfo
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- CN111826972A CN111826972A CN202010512046.7A CN202010512046A CN111826972A CN 111826972 A CN111826972 A CN 111826972A CN 202010512046 A CN202010512046 A CN 202010512046A CN 111826972 A CN111826972 A CN 111826972A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/0032—Determining dye recipes and dyeing parameters; Colour matching or monitoring
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
- D06P3/52—Polyesters
- D06P3/54—Polyesters using dispersed dyestuffs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P5/00—Other features in dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form
- D06P5/20—Physical treatments affecting dyeing, e.g. ultrasonic or electric
- D06P5/2066—Thermic treatments of textile materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles. Firstly, placing the polyester textile in a surfactant washing solution for washing and drying to obtain a pretreated polyester textile; then, preparing a disperse dye solution, adding a dispersant, then putting the pretreated polyester textile into the disperse dye solution, and sequentially performing disperse and drying treatment to obtain the pretreated polyester textile; then, putting the pretreated polyester textile into a high-boiling-point solvent with a preset temperature for dyeing to obtain a dyed polyester textile; and finally, washing and drying to finish dyeing of the polyester textile. According to the method, the oily liquid film is formed on the surface of the polyester textile, and the disperse dye can rapidly enter the polyester textile under the driving of the high-energy oily liquid film.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of textile printing and dyeing, in particular to a rapid dyeing method of a polyester textile.
Background
Polyester fiber, commonly known as "dacron", is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester obtained by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, belongs to a high molecular compound, and is the first major variety of the current synthetic fiber. The terylene has many excellent textile performance and wearability, has wide application, can be purely spun and woven, and can also be blended and interwoven with natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, hemp and the like and other chemical fibers to prepare wool-like, cotton-like, silk-like and hemp-like fabrics with various colors, firmness, strong scratch, easy washing, easy drying, no-ironing and good washing and wearing performance. The polyester fiber has the advantages of good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, fastness and durability, and high strength and elastic recovery capability.
Dacron is a hydrophobic fiber, and when dyed, the dye enters the non-fixed area of the fiber. However, the fiber has a compact structure in an amorphous region, a high degree of orientation of macromolecular chains, small molecular gaps, dye molecules which are not easily in the fiber, difficult dyeing and poor dyeability. Therefore, the traditional direct, acidic, reactive and other water-soluble dyes cannot be adsorbed on the hydrophobic fiber, and cannot be dyed. The reductive and sulfuration dyes have large molecules and larger associated particles of the molecules, and can not penetrate into the terylene macromolecules with high crystallinity and compact structure. The disperse dye is a micromolecular pigment without water-soluble groups, has better affinity with hydrophobic terylene, and is a nonionic dye which exists in a highly dispersed state in water by virtue of tiny particles under the action of a dispersing agent during dyeing. The device can be drilled into gaps of the polyester fibers when the polyester fibers are expanded under the influence of high temperature. Therefore, the polyester textiles can also be dyed only with disperse dyes.
Due to the hydrophobic property of polyester textiles, dyeing methods of disperse dyes generally adopt a hot melting method, a high-temperature pressurizing method and a carrier method. Wherein, the 1) hot melting method is that the fabric is firstly pad dyed and dried, and then is sent into a hot melting machine for hot melting and color fixing at about 200 ℃; 2) the high-temperature pressurizing method is generally to expand the fiber at 120-140 ℃ and under high pressure so that the dye is diffused into the fiber for dyeing; 3) the carrier method is to add organic carrier into the dye bath to make the fiber expand and guide the dye to penetrate into the fiber for dyeing. The method utilizes different conditions to swell the polyester fibers, enlarges gaps among polyester fiber molecules, simultaneously adds an auxiliary agent to improve the diffusion rate of dye molecules, enables the dye molecules to continuously diffuse into the swelled and enlarged polyester fiber gaps, and fixes the dye molecules with the polyester fibers under the action of intermolecular attraction and hydrogen bonds, thereby finishing dyeing the polyester textiles. The specific techniques are described in the following patents:
the invention patent with the application number of CN201410581284.8 discloses a hot-melt dyeing method with decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as a medium, which dyes polyester textiles with D5 as a medium and pure disperse dye by using the hot-melt dyeing method.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201710696747.9 discloses a washing-free continuous dyeing method of polyester fabric by using disperse dye, which comprises the steps of mixing the disperse dye, surfactant and water, adding emulsifying paste and thickening agent to obtain a disperse dye bath, padding the polyester fabric for dyeing, and drying and fixing the color.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201410382905.X discloses a pad dyeing method for deep and dark polyester fabrics, which combines the traditional continuous hot melting baking process to carry out the two-dipping and two-pad process for the polyester fabrics.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201710152103.3 discloses a washing-free continuous padding dyeing method for polyester fiber fabric, which comprises the steps of padding the polyester fiber fabric in dyeing working solution; and finally, sequentially carrying out infrared pre-drying, hot air oven pre-drying, baking and cropping on the padded polyester fiber fabric.
The invention patent of application No. CN201410153200.0 discloses a one-step dyeing method of an anhydrous environment-friendly polyester-cotton fabric, which is to carry out pre-swelling treatment on the polyester-cotton fabric; adding a disperse dye and a reactive dye into an organic solvent to obtain a dye bath; the pre-swollen polyester-cotton fabric was immersed in a dye bath for dyeing.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201310226667.9 discloses a method for dyeing polyester textiles at high temperature and high pressure. The method adopts dye liquor formed by mixing a high-proportion alcohol organic solvent, a small amount of water and disperse dye to dye the polyester textile under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, can better improve the dispersion performance of the disperse dye, and uses washing liquor formed by mixing the alcohol organic solvent and the small amount of water to wash the dyed polyester textile.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201610246510.6 discloses a method for continuously hot-melting and dyeing terylene. Mixing liquid disperse dye, prepolymer with strong adhesiveness, thickening agent, penetrating agent and water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a dyeing solution; padding the polyester fabric with a dyeing solution to obtain a padded polyester fabric; then baking the padded polyester fabric and then washing the padded polyester fabric; and finally, drying to finish the continuous hot-melt dyeing of the terylene.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201910423607.3 discloses a method for quickly dyeing polyester textiles. Dissolving disperse dye, high-molecular polyvinyl butyral, penetrant, dispersant and swelling agent in an alcohol organic solvent to form mixed dye slurry; then, carrying out padding treatment on the polyester textile in the mixed dye slurry; forming a film of the polyester textile in a water bath, and curing at high temperature; and finally, putting the polyester textile into an alcohol organic solvent for washing until a polyvinyl butyral film on the surface of the polyester textile is dissolved, thereby obtaining a dyed finished product.
However, the hot melt method has disadvantages in that: after the terylene is dyed by the disperse dye, a certain heat migration phenomenon can occur, so that the disperse dye is sublimated into the air, the utilization rate of the dye is influenced, and the ideal color fastness can not be achieved. Meanwhile, in the dyeing process, due to the adoption of a method for heating air, the low specific heat, the strong fluidity and the difficult controllability of the air, the surface of the fiber is difficult to be uniformly heated, and the heating speed is low, so that uneven dyeing is easily caused. The raw materials used are complex, the color brightness and the fabric hand feeling are not good, the dye utilization rate is low, and the residual dye liquor discharge can cause certain pollution to the environment. The disadvantages of the high-temperature and high-pressure method are that: the requirements on dyeing equipment are extremely high under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the dyeing time is long, and the residual dye liquor is discharged to pollute the environment. The disadvantages of the carrier method are that: the raw materials used in the dyeing process are complicated, and the dispersion stability of the dye liquor is easily reduced in the polyester dyeing by the carrier.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles, which reduces the dyeing cost and improves the utilization rate of dye.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides a rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-dyeing: preparing a disperse dye solution with the disperse dye concentration of 1-100 g/L, adding a dispersant with a preset concentration, then putting the polyester textile subjected to washing and drying intervention treatment, and sequentially performing dispersing, coloring and drying treatment to obtain a pre-dyed polyester textile;
s2, dyeing at normal pressure and high temperature: placing the pre-dyed polyester textile prepared in the step S1 into a high boiling point solvent with the temperature of 100-220 ℃ for normal-pressure high-temperature dyeing treatment for 5-60S to obtain a dyed polyester textile; the high-boiling point solvent comprises but is not limited to one or more of vegetable oil, silicone oil, glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol;
s3, post-processing: and (5) cleaning and drying the dyed polyester textile prepared in the step (S2) for post-treatment to finish dyeing of the polyester textile.
Preferably, in step S2, the temperature adjustment process of the high boiling point solvent is: and (3) putting the high-boiling-point solvent into a constant-temperature reaction device, heating to 100-220 ℃, and keeping constant temperature.
Preferably, in the drying treatment in step S1, the liquid carrying rate of the pretreated polyester textile is 5 to 80%.
Preferably, in step S2, the vegetable oil includes, but is not limited to, one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, and blend oil; the silicone oil includes but is not limited to one or more of methyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, methyl chlorphenyl silicone oil, methyl ethoxy silicone oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil, methyl hydroxyl silicone oil, ethyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, hydroxyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil and cyanogen-containing silicone oil.
Preferably, in step S1, the concentration of the dispersant is 0.1-2.0 g/L.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is one or more of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, desugared condensed sodium lignin sulfonate and low-molecular-weight sodium polyacrylate.
Preferably, in step S1, the dispersing process is ultrasonic oscillation for 20-120 min.
Preferably, in step S1, the coloring process is one of a dip dye and a pad dye.
Preferably, in step S1, the washing and drying intervention process specifically includes: mixing polyester textile with a bath ratio of 1: (10-40) putting the polyester fiber into a surfactant washing solution with the concentration of 0.1-2 g/L, and washing and drying to obtain a pretreated polyester fiber textile; the washing temperature of the washing treatment is 25-85 ℃, and the washing time is 15-30 min; the drying temperature of the drying treatment is 30-60 ℃, and the drying time is 30-45 min.
Preferably, the polyester textile is one of polyester fiber, polyester yarn, polyester knitted fabric and polyester woven fabric.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dyeing method of the polyester textile provided by the invention adopts a high boiling point solvent for dyeing: firstly, in order to avoid the condition of uneven dyeing, a dispersing agent is used for blending the dye to uniformly disperse the dye, and then the disperse dye is adsorbed on the polyester fiber to realize the diffusion and migration of the disperse dye; then, under the action of high-temperature normal-pressure high-boiling-point solvent bath dyeing, the polyester fiber realizes the expansion of an amorphous area, the probability that the interior of the fiber enters disperse dye molecules is increased, and the rapid and efficient ground dyeing of polyester textiles is realized. Compared with the traditional water bath dyeing method, the high-boiling-point solvent bath dyeing method has higher dye utilization rate (reaching more than 95%), the high-boiling-point solvent can be reused, raw materials are saved to a great extent, and then the dyeing cost is saved.
2. Compared with the traditional high-temperature high-pressure and air hot-melting dyeing method for dyeing the terylene textile, the high-boiling-point solvent bath dyeing method provided by the invention saves energy consumption, has low requirement on equipment, further reduces the production cost, is simple to operate and has controllable dyeing process.
3. According to the dyeing method of the polyester textile, a high-temperature, normal-pressure and high-boiling-point solvent bath dyeing method is adopted, rapid dyeing can be carried out under normal-pressure and high-temperature conditions, the dyeing rate of the polyester textile is high, dyeing is uniform, and the color brightness and the textile hand feeling are good; the quick and efficient dyeing mechanism is as follows: since terylene belongs to hydrophobic fiber, the fiber lacks groups capable of combining with dye, and cannot be dyed by water-soluble dye. Only non-ionic disperse dyes with small molecular weight, no strong ionic water-soluble groups and low solubility can be used for dyeing. Therefore, the invention selects the high boiling point solvent with extremely low solubility of the disperse dye by the basic principle of dyeing the polyester fiber. When the high-concentration disperse dye enters the heated oil bath of the high-boiling-point solvent, the temperature of the solvent is far above the glass transition temperature of the polyester fiber, the macromolecular chain segments of the fiber move violently, the gaps among polymer molecules are increased, and the free volume is increased, so that the high-concentration disperse dye carried on the surface of the polyester fiber can diffuse into the polyester fiber rapidly through the pore structure, and the second dyeing result is achieved. On the other hand, the high boiling point solvent selected by the invention has the characteristic of extremely low solubility of the disperse dye, so that the dye carried on the surface of the polyester fiber can only be quickly diffused into the fiber under the polar action of the high boiling point solvent, and the utilization rate of the dye is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the dyeing method provided by the invention has the advantages that firstly, the polyester fibers, the yarns and the textiles are pre-dyed, then, the pre-dyed polyester fibers, the yarns and the textiles are placed in the high-boiling point solvent for normal-pressure high-temperature dyeing, so that the dye is carried on the surface of the polyester fibers and then dyed in the high-boiling point solvent, an oily liquid film can be formed on the surface of the fibers in the high-temperature high-boiling point solvent, then, under the driving of the high-energy liquid film, the disperse dye can only rapidly enter the interior of the polyester fibers and exists in the solvent as little as possible, and the dye utilization rate can reach 95% -99%. Because the invention adopts a mode of heating the high boiling point solvent, and the high boiling point solvent has the characteristic of large specific heat, the high boiling point solvent can uniformly and quickly heat the surface of the fiber through the oily liquid film, thereby obviously improving the level dyeing degree and shortening the dyeing time. In addition, because the solubility of the disperse dye in the high-boiling-point solvent adopted by the invention is extremely low, the residual dye in the solvent is extremely small, so that the solvent can be repeatedly utilized. The invention overcomes the problems of long high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing time of the traditional polyester textile and low dye utilization rate caused by dye sublimation of an air hot-melting dyeing method, remarkably improves the dyeing performance of the disperse dye of the polyester textile, and greatly shortens the dyeing time.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
A rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-dyeing: preparing a disperse dye solution with the disperse dye concentration of 1-100 g/L, adding a dispersant with a preset concentration, then putting the polyester textile subjected to washing and drying intervention treatment, and sequentially performing dispersing, coloring and drying treatment to obtain a pre-dyed polyester textile;
s2, dyeing at normal pressure and high temperature: placing the pre-dyed polyester textile prepared in the step S1 into a high boiling point solvent with the temperature of 100-220 ℃ for normal-pressure high-temperature dyeing treatment for 5-60S to obtain a dyed polyester textile; the high-boiling point solvent comprises but is not limited to one or more of vegetable oil, silicone oil, glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol;
s3, post-processing: and (5) cleaning and drying the dyed polyester textile prepared in the step (S2) for post-treatment to finish dyeing of the polyester textile.
Further, in step S2, the temperature adjustment process of the high boiling point solvent is: and (3) putting the high-boiling-point solvent into a constant-temperature reaction device, heating to 100-220 ℃, and keeping constant temperature.
Further, in the drying treatment of the step S1, the liquid carrying rate of the pretreated polyester textile is 5-80%.
Further, in step S2, the vegetable oil includes, but is not limited to, one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, and blend oil; the silicone oil includes but is not limited to one or more of methyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, methyl chlorphenyl silicone oil, methyl ethoxy silicone oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil, methyl hydroxyl silicone oil, ethyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, hydroxyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil and cyanogen-containing silicone oil.
Further, in step S1, the concentration of the dispersant is 0.1-2.0 g/L.
Further, the dispersing agent is one or more of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, desugared condensed sodium lignin sulfonate and low-molecular-weight sodium polyacrylate.
Further, in step S1, the dispersion process is ultrasonic oscillation for 20-120 min.
Further, in step S1, the coloring process is one of a dip dye and a pad dye.
Further, in step S1, the washing and drying intervention process specifically includes: mixing polyester textile with a bath ratio of 1: (10-40) putting the polyester fiber into a surfactant washing solution with the concentration of 0.1-2 g/L, and washing and drying to obtain a pretreated polyester fiber textile; the washing temperature of the washing treatment is 25-85 ℃, and the washing time is 15-30 min; the drying temperature of the drying treatment is 30-60 ℃, and the drying time is 30-45 min.
Further, the polyester textile is one of polyester fiber, polyester yarn, polyester knitted fabric and polyester woven fabric.
The fast dyeing method of the polyester textile provided by the invention is further described in detail by the specific examples.
Example 1
A rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-dyeing process:
s11, preparing a washing solution: placing surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate into deionized water, stirring uniformly to prepare a washing solution, wherein the bath ratio of the polyester fabric to the washing solution is 1:20, the concentration of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate is 1g/L, and the stirring time is 20 min;
s12, polyester pretreatment: and (3) placing the polyester fabric into the washing liquid, washing, and drying to obtain the pretreated polyester fabric, wherein the washing temperature is 50 ℃, the washing time is 20min, the drying temperature is 45 ℃, and the drying time is 40 min.
S13, pre-dyeing: preparing 1L of disperse dye solution with the concentration of 20g/L of disperse dye, adding 0.2g of dispersant sodium methylenedinaphthalenesulfonate (NNO), putting 1g of pretreated polyester fabric, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 30min, performing dispersion treatment, taking out, and performing dip dye solution coloring and drying (the liquid carrying rate of the polyester fabric is 10%) treatment to obtain the pre-dyed polyester fabric.
S2, dyeing: placing the reaction vessel filled with the rapeseed oil into an oil bath pan, heating to 180 ℃, and keeping the temperature constant; and then placing the pre-dyed polyester fabric prepared in the step S1 into rapeseed oil for dyeing for 20S to obtain the dyed polyester fabric.
S3, post-processing: and (5) cleaning and drying the dyed polyester textile prepared in the step (S2) for post-treatment to finish dyeing of the polyester textile.
Examples 2 to 5
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S2, the temperature for dyeing rapeseed oil is set differently, and the other steps are the same as in example 1, and are not described again.
Table 1 shows the temperature settings for the rapeseed oil dyeing in example 1 and examples 2 to 5
| Examples | Dyeing temperature (. degree.C.) | K/S value |
| Example 1 | 180 | 12.9 |
| Example 2 | 100 | 10.3 |
| Example 3 | 140 | 11.8 |
| Example 4 | 200 | 12.3 |
| Example 5 | 220 | 11.7 |
The vitrification temperature of the polyester fiber is 67-81 ℃, when the dyeing temperature of the high-boiling-point solvent rapeseed oil reaches more than 100 ℃, the movement of a polymer chain segment in an amorphous area in the polyester fiber is intensified, the microgap is increased, the resistance of dye molecules diffusing into the fiber is reduced, the diffusion speed of the dye molecules is increased, and the dyeing rate of fractional dyes is increased.
As shown in Table 1, under the condition that the dyeing temperature is 100-180 ℃, the polyester fiber is quickly swelled, the color-absorbing and dyeing capacity is remarkably enhanced, and the K/S value of the polyester textile shows a remarkably rising trend. However, when the dyeing temperature exceeds 180 ℃, the K/S value of the polyester textile shows a remarkable reduction trend, which is mainly due to the following reasons: the structure and the original high molecular form of the fiber are completely destroyed by overhigh temperature.
Examples 6 to 10
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S2, the setting of the rapeseed oil dyeing time is different, and the other steps are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Table 2 shows the setting of the rapeseed oil dyeing times in examples 1 and 6 to 10
| Examples | Dyeing time(s) | K/S value |
| Example 1 | 20 | 12.9 |
| Example 6 | 10 | 10.6 |
| Example 7 | 15 | 11.3 |
| Example 8 | 25 | 11.8 |
| Example 9 | 30 | 11.1 |
| Example 10 | 40 | 10.9 |
The disperse dye dyes the polyester fiber by means of hydrogen bond and Van der Waals force, so that the disperse dye has better dye transfer performance under the high-temperature condition.
As can be seen from Table 2, the main body of the terylene textile shows the trend of ascending first and then descending along with the increase of the dyeing time. This is mainly due to: at a certain temperature, the longer the dyeing time is, the more the damage to the polyester fiber is.
Examples 11 to 14
The difference from example 1 is that: in step S13, the setting of the liquid carrying rate is different, and the other steps are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described again here.
Table 3 shows the setting of the liquid-carrying rate in examples 1 and 11 to 14
| Examples | Percentage of band fluid (%) | K/S value |
| Example 1 | 10 | 12.9 |
| Example 11 | 5 | 11.0 |
| Example 12 | 25 | 12.5 |
| Example 13 | 45 | 10.5 |
| Example 14 | 80 | 9.8 |
As can be seen from table 3: as the liquid carrying rate is increased, the K/S value of the polyester textile generally shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. This is mainly due to: when the amount of the liquid is small, the liquid is vaporized at an instant high temperature and then opens a channel for the dye to enter the polymer, so that the dyeing effect is improved. Along with the increase of the liquid carrying rate, the liquid is increased, so that the duration of the interface effect of the water phase and the solvent phase is long, the dye cannot rapidly enter the fiber when the concentration of the water phase is increased, the dye moves to the solvent phase through the concentration difference, and the K/S value and the dye utilization rate are correspondingly reduced.
Examples 15 to 18
The difference from example 1 is that: the setting of the high boiling point solvent is different, and the other steps are the same as those in example 1, and are not described again.
Table 4 shows the settings of the high boiling point solvents in examples 1 and 15 to 18
| Examples | High boiling point solvent | K/S value |
| Example 1 | Rapeseed oil | 12.9 |
| Example 15 | Blend oil | 12.3 |
| Example 16 | Methyl silicone oil | 14.5 |
| Example 17 | Methyl vinyl silicone oil | 16.3 |
| Example 18 | Ethylene glycol | 10.3 |
As can be seen from Table 4, in the high boiling solvents, the silicone oils are the best dyeing, the vegetable oils are the second, the alcohols are the worst.
It should be noted that, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the change of the concentration of the disperse dye has an important effect on the dye uptake, the concentration of the disperse dye is in the range of 1-100 g/L, and as the concentration of the disperse dye increases, the amount of the disperse dye that is dyed on the polyester fiber increases significantly, and the dye uptake of the polyester textile increases significantly.
It should be noted that, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, the addition of the dispersant to the disperse dye liquor can effectively prevent or reduce the degree of coagulation of the disperse dye, improve the dispersion stability of the dye liquor, and provide better functions of slow dyeing and level dyeing for the disperse dye. However, too high a concentration of the dispersant has a certain effect on the dye uptake of the disperse dye. The concentration of the dispersing agent is within the range of 0.1-2.0 g/L, and the dye uptake of the polyester textile shows a trend of decreasing after being remarkably increased along with the increase of the concentration of the dispersing agent.
In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the heating mode of the high boiling point solvent can also be performed by other electrically controlled isothermal reaction devices to perform heating and isothermal treatment, and the isothermal reaction temperature preset in the embodiment can also be achieved.
In conclusion, the invention provides a rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles. Firstly, placing the polyester textile in a surfactant washing solution for washing and drying to obtain a pretreated polyester textile; then, preparing a disperse dye solution, adding a dispersant, then putting the pretreated polyester textile into the disperse dye solution, and sequentially performing disperse and drying treatment to obtain the pretreated polyester textile; then, putting the pretreated polyester textile into a high-boiling-point solvent with a preset temperature for dyeing to obtain a dyed polyester textile; and finally, washing and drying to finish dyeing of the polyester textile. According to the method, the oily liquid film is formed on the surface of the polyester textile, and the disperse dye is driven by the high-energy oily liquid film to rapidly enter the polyester textile.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, pre-dyeing: preparing a disperse dye solution with the disperse dye concentration of 1-100 g/L, adding a dispersant with a preset concentration, then putting the polyester textile subjected to washing and drying intervention treatment, and sequentially performing dispersing, coloring and drying treatment to obtain a pre-dyed polyester textile;
s2, dyeing at normal pressure and high temperature: placing the pre-dyed polyester textile prepared in the step S1 into a high boiling point solvent with the temperature of 100-220 ℃ for normal-pressure high-temperature dyeing treatment for 5-60S to obtain a dyed polyester textile;
the high-boiling point solvent comprises but is not limited to one or more of vegetable oil, silicone oil, glycol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol;
s3, post-processing: and (5) cleaning and drying the dyed polyester textile prepared in the step (S2) for post-treatment to finish dyeing of the polyester textile.
2. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the temperature adjustment process of the high boiling point solvent is: and (3) putting the high-boiling-point solvent into a constant-temperature reaction device, heating to 100-220 ℃, and keeping constant temperature.
3. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S1, during the drying treatment, the liquid carrying rate of the pretreated polyester textile is 5-80%.
4. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the vegetable oil includes but is not limited to one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, and blend oil; the silicone oil includes but is not limited to one or more of methyl silicone oil, ethyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil, methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, methyl chlorphenyl silicone oil, methyl ethoxy silicone oil, methyl trifluoro propyl silicone oil, methyl vinyl silicone oil, methyl hydroxyl silicone oil, ethyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, hydroxyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil and cyanogen-containing silicone oil.
5. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the concentration of the dispersant is 0.1-2.0 g/L.
6. The rapid dyeing method of the polyester textile according to claim 5, characterized in that: the dispersing agent is one or more of sodium methylene dinaphthalene sulfonate, desugared condensed sodium lignin sulfonate and low-molecular-weight sodium polyacrylate.
7. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the dispersion process is ultrasonic oscillation for 20-120 min.
8. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the coloring process is one of a dip dye and a pad dye.
9. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S1, the washing and drying intervention process specifically includes: mixing polyester textile according to a bath ratio of 1: (10-40) putting the polyester fiber into a surfactant washing solution with the concentration of 0.1-2 g/L, and washing and drying to obtain a pretreated polyester fiber textile;
the washing temperature of the washing treatment is 25-85 ℃, and the washing time is 15-30 min; the drying temperature of the drying treatment is 30-60 ℃, and the drying time is 30-45 min.
10. The rapid dyeing method of polyester textiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polyester textile is one of polyester fiber, polyester yarn, polyester knitted fabric and polyester woven fabric.
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