CN111822165B - Electrostatic sprayer suitable for sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Electrostatic sprayer suitable for sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN111822165B CN111822165B CN202010517246.1A CN202010517246A CN111822165B CN 111822165 B CN111822165 B CN 111822165B CN 202010517246 A CN202010517246 A CN 202010517246A CN 111822165 B CN111822165 B CN 111822165B
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- nozzle
- electrostatic
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- spray head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrostatic spray head suitable for a greenhouse, in particular to an electrostatic spray head suitable for a sunlight greenhouse, which relates to an electrostatic spray technology. The device comprises a nozzle, a nozzle seat, an insulating airflow cover, a one-way check valve, a water inlet pipeline and other components. The airflow drag force at the nozzle is increased by designing the airflow cover, so that the charged droplets are prevented from being adsorbed on the sprayer and other metal parts of the sprayer when being sprayed out from the nozzle, and the speed of the sprayed droplets can be increased. The fan-shaped plate capacitor fixed on the inner wall of the nozzle seat is designed to form a closed charging inner cavity, and the liquid medicine is charged by adopting a contact charging method, so that the instability of a charging electrode in a greenhouse high-temperature high-humidity environment due to the fact that the charging electrode in an induction charging method is exposed in the air is avoided. By designing the fan-shaped plate capacitor with the strip-shaped electrodes, a non-uniform electrostatic field is formed, the electric field intensity of charged droplets is increased, the charge quantity of the charged droplets is increased, and the charge effect of the droplets is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrostatic spraying technology, in particular to an electrostatic spray head suitable for a sunlight greenhouse. A spraying operation for sunlight close planting greenhouse vegetation belongs to the field of plant protection machinery.
Background
With the popularization of sunlight greenhouses and the requirement of meeting safe pesticide application and ecological environment protection, how to combine a novel plant protection technology with a greenhouse environment tightly is an urgent problem to be solved to realize more efficient and greener plant protection operation in the sunlight greenhouses.
The electrostatic spraying technology is a novel pesticide application technology, and mainly adopts methods of induction type charging, corona type charging, contact type charging and the like to charge fog drops, and the fog drops are adsorbed on the surface of a plant by means of the electrostatic effect between the charged fog drops and target crops, so that the deposition amount of liquid medicine on the target is greatly increased, the deposition of the fog drops on the back of a blade is improved, the drifting of the fog drops is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of pesticides is improved.
At present, charged droplets are easy to adsorb at a spray head, and the charged quantity is quickly attenuated in the range direction, which is two main problems of the electrostatic spraying technology.
Chinese patent application CN201910669205.1 discloses an induction electrostatic atomizer, through setting up high-voltage electrostatic device (electrode ring) in liquid pipeline's entrance, has guaranteed that the electrode ring keeps away from the shower nozzle to reduce the electric field strength of shower nozzle department, although this kind of design has avoided the absorption of lotus electric droplet on the shower nozzle to a certain extent, nevertheless because the shower nozzle is kept away from to the electrode ring, lead to the droplet charged electric quantity less, consequently the droplet electrified effect is relatively poor. And the air inlet and the air storage cavity of the spray head are small, the air passage structure is simpler, and the requirement on the air pressure of the spray head is higher.
Chinese patent application CN201910965330.7 discloses a supplementary electrostatic nozzle of strength, sets up around the feed liquor pipe with the intake pipe ring, makes liquid receive even oppression, makes the intake pipe have a great intake chamber, has reduced the fan pressure when the fan impressed gas for spun droplet particle diameter homogeneity is better. However, the design does not consider the installation of the electrodes, so that the droplet charging effect is general.
Chinese patent application CN201410679106.9 discloses a fan-shaped electrostatic nozzle of air-assisted, to the spray cone angle of conical nozzle less relatively and have spray uniformity that repeated application of medicine and lead to can not obtain drawbacks such as fine assurance, a fan-shaped electrostatic nozzle has been designed, through arranging the biplate electrode in the electrode slot, the two parallel capacitors of shower nozzle during operation biplate electrode and fan-shaped water film constitution, the electrostatic field has all been established to two capacitors, this kind of design has combined the advantage of response charged technology and air-assisted atomizing technique, make the even and particle diameter of droplet particle size spectrum less.
The literature is as follows: design and test of double airflow channel auxiliary electrostatic spray head [ J ] Jiangsu agricultural science, 2017,45(24): 192-.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the special environmental conditions of the greenhouse, namely high temperature and high humidity, and the problems in the prior art, the invention designs the electrostatic spray head with stable charging performance in the greenhouse environment.
As the humidity of the sunlight close planting greenhouse is higher than that of the outdoor environment, the water molecule content in the air is high. If an induction charging mode sprayer is adopted, an induction electrode is exposed in the air and is easy to wet, current short circuit or voltage fluctuation is easy to cause instability of a charging process, so that the charging inner cavity is sealed through design, a contact charging mode is adopted, liquid is enabled to complete the charging process in the charging inner cavity before being sprayed out, adverse effects of instability of the charging electrode in a high-humidity environment on a droplet charging process are avoided, and the problem of water dripping of a conventional induction type sprayer is solved.
The electrostatic sprayer of the invention comprises: the device comprises an insulating airflow cover, a nozzle head, a nozzle filter screen, a nozzle seat, a top metal plate, a bottom metal plate, a strip electrode, a pipe sleeve, a one-way check valve and an air inlet. Wherein, the top metal plate, the bottom metal plate and the strip-shaped electrode which are positioned in the nozzle seat jointly form a charging unit, namely a charging inner cavity of the spray head.
The one-way check valve is arranged at the interface of the water inlet pipe and the electrostatic spray head and is connected with the electrostatic spray head through the pipe sleeve, wherein the water inlet pipe is connected with the pipe sleeve through a threaded structure. The channel of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the channel of the pipe sleeve, an opening is arranged in the electrostatic spray head, and the liquid medicine in the medicine box enters the electrostatic spray head through the channel.
The charging inner cavity and the nozzle seat are of an integrated structure, the nozzle head is connected with the nozzle seat through a pipe sleeve structure, and the rear end of the nozzle head is locked with the nozzle seat through a thread structure.
The top metal plate with the strip-shaped electrode is fixed on the upper half part of the inner wall of the nozzle seat, is connected with the high-voltage electrostatic generator, and is combined with the bottom metal plate fixed on the lower half part of the inner wall of the nozzle seat to form a capacitor for forming a non-uniform electrostatic field and charging the drug delivery liquid.
The detachable nozzle filter screen is arranged in the nozzle head to prevent impurities in the liquid medicine from blocking the nozzle head. An insulating gas flow hood is arranged on the periphery of the nozzle head, and the cone angle of the gas flow hood is larger than the spray cone angle (80 ℃) of the used nozzle head and is designed to be 85 degrees.
The inner wall of the air inlet, the outer wall of the nozzle seat and the outer wall of the nozzle head form an air flow channel.
The working principle of the electrostatic sprayer is as follows: the liquid medicine enters the spray head from the water tank through the water inlet pipe under the pressure of the high-pressure pump, firstly reaches the closed charging cavity, and the one-way check valve at the inlet of the charging cavity is closed at the moment so as to cut off the connection between the liquid medicine in the charging cavity and the liquid medicine in the pipeline and achieve the purpose of insulation. And then under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic generator, a high-voltage electric field is generated between two polar plates in the charging cavity to charge the liquid medicine, and after the charging is finished, the liquid medicine is sprayed out from the nozzle head through the filter screen to finish the charging and atomization of the liquid medicine.
The electrostatic sprayer adopts a mode of carrying out contact type charging on liquid medicine in the sprayer, and avoids the design of an electrode ring exposed in the air in an induction type charging mode. This avoids the instability of the charging process in sunlight greenhouse high humidity environment due to high water molecule content in the air, such as: and short circuit is easy to occur when the fog drops are charged. In addition, the design of an electrode ring is cancelled, the liquid medicine is charged in the spray head, and the insulating airflow cover is designed on the periphery of the nozzle head, so that the problem that charged fog drops are adsorbed on the electrostatic spray head due to the attraction of a strong electric field can be avoided. In addition, by adopting a contact type charging method, the droplet charging effect is better than that of induction type charging, the droplet charging is sufficient, and the problem of charge attenuation is also improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electrostatic spray head suitable for a sunlight greenhouse according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a physical model of the closed charging chamber of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of the interior of the charging chamber of the present invention.
1 is an insulated airflow cover, 2 is a nozzle head, 3 is a nozzle filter screen, 4 is a nozzle seat, 5 is a top metal plate, 6 is a bottom metal plate, 7 is a strip electrode, 8 is a closed charging cavity, 9 is a pipe sleeve, 10 is a one-way check valve, and 11 is an air inlet.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical solutions and principles of the present invention, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the main structural components of the electrostatic spray head include an insulated airflow cover 1, a nozzle head 2, a nozzle filter screen 3, a nozzle holder 4, a top metal plate 5, a bottom metal plate 6, a strip electrode 7, a charging cavity 8, a pipe sleeve 9, a one-way check valve 10, an air inlet 11, and the like. The nozzle head 2, the nozzle seat 4 and the pipe sleeve 8 form a closed space, and a double-fan-shaped plate capacitor formed by a top metal plate 5, a bottom metal plate 6 and strip electrodes 7 is designed in the closed space to serve as a charging unit of the spray head, namely a charging inner cavity 8, so that liquid in the closed space is charged. The liquid medicine is pumped out by the medicine chest through the high-pressure pump and then reaches the charging cavity 8 of the electrostatic spray head, and the liquid medicine is atomized and sprayed out after the charging in the charging cavity 8 is completed.
As shown in figure 1, the nozzle head 2 of the spray head is a conical spray nozzle with a spray cone angle of 80 degrees and a model of TXR 800053VK, and can be purchased on the market.
As shown in fig. 1, by designing an insulating airflow cover 1, the taper angle of the airflow cover at the front end nozzle head 2 of the electrostatic spray head is larger than the spray taper angle of the adopted nozzle head 2, and is designed to be 85 degrees, so as to construct an airflow auxiliary channel, the airflow drag force of the electrostatic spray head can be increased, so that the fog drops can be quickly separated from the attraction of strong electric field force of a charge chamber after the charge is completed, a conical air film can be formed at the periphery of the nozzle head 2 to wrap the fog drop group, and the design can prevent the fog drops from being gathered at the spray head and adsorbed on metal parts of mechanisms such as a spray rod, a sprayer and the like.
In addition, because of the conductivity of the liquid, the one-way check valve 10 is arranged at the inlet of the charging cavity, and in the working state, after the charging cavity is filled with the liquid medicine, the check valve 10 is closed, at the moment, the connection between the liquid medicine in the charging cavity and the liquid medicine in the water inlet pipe and the water tank is cut off, after the liquid medicine in the charging cavity 8 is sprayed out through the electrostatic spray head, the one-way check valve 10 is opened again, and a new round of water inlet and charging is carried out. The design can ensure the insulativity and safety of the liquid medicine when the liquid medicine is charged in the charging inner cavity.
When the high-voltage electrostatic sprayer works, the potential of the electrostatic sprayer is zero or close to zero, a power supply is switched on, the high-voltage electrostatic generating device is started, liquid in a charging inner cavity starts to be charged, compressed air enters from the air inlet 11, the air flow speed in a liquid atomizing area (inside the nozzle head 2) is increased under the limitation of the air flow cover 1, and the charged liquid flow is broken into fine fog drops under the interaction of the liquid flow and the high-speed air flow and is sprayed out from the nozzle head 2.
Furthermore, due to the limitation of the airflow cover 1, an air film is formed by the high-speed airflow along the direction of the spray cone angle, so that the fog drops are prevented from being sprayed out from the spray head and then being diffused up and down or back to the spray head and adsorbed on the surface of the spray head or a metal part of the sprayer, and the fog drops are sprayed to the target crops along the preset direction as much as possible.
Example two:
when the contact type charging method is adopted, the fan-shaped capacitor pole plate in the nozzle seat 4 is in direct contact with liquid, and a high-voltage electric field generated by the pole plate directly charges the liquid in the charging inner cavity. When the charging voltage U applied to the plate is constant, the amount Q of the charge generated by the capacitor is: q ═ C × U is also a constant value, where C is the permittivity of the electrode.
From the above analysis it follows that: when the charging voltage applied to the polar plate is constant, the electric charge amount generated by the capacitor is constant, if the flow rate of the charged liquid is smaller, the charging effect of the unit liquid is better, the electric charge amount of the charged liquid is larger, and the improvement of the electric charge amount of the charged fog drops in the conventional plant protection operation has important significance.
As shown in fig. 2, the charging process of the liquid in the designed closed charging cavity is shown.
L represents liquid particles, the small circles with a "-" sign represent negative charges, i.e., electrons, and the small circles with a "+" sign represent positively charged liquid particles.
The charging device consists of two fan-shaped plate capacitors, wherein the upper electrode plate is provided with a strip-shaped electrode and is connected with a positive output electrode of the high-voltage electrostatic device, and correspondingly, the other metal plate is a lower electrode plate, and the potential of the other metal plate is 0.
As shown in fig. 2, the enclosed charging cavity is designed with a sector plate capacitor and an elongated electrode connected to the top metal plate. The top metal plate is connected with the high-voltage electrostatic generating device, and due to the existence of the strip-shaped electrodes, a non-uniform electrostatic field is filled between the top metal plate and the bottom metal plate. By adopting the design of the strip-shaped electrodes, the electrostatic field strength in a charged area can be greatly improved, and the charged quantity of liquid is effectively improved.
The charging process of the liquid in the charging cavity is as follows:
due to the action of the electric field force, chemical bonds of liquid particle molecules are broken and ionized into free positive ions, negative ions and free electrons;
then, a part of the free negative ions are gathered near the positively charged strip-shaped metal electrode and absorbed by the positively charged strip-shaped metal electrode according to the principle of mutual attraction of like charges;
in addition, a part of the electrons flow to the high-voltage electrostatic device and are introduced to the ground through the ground terminal thereof.
So far, for the liquid in the closed charging cavity, the concentration of positive ions is greater than that of negative ions and that of free electrons, the whole liquid has the same positive electric property as the top metal plate, and the liquid charging process is finished.
And finally, the liquid is sprayed out from the electrostatic spray head under the action of the pressure of the high-pressure pump and is sprayed to the target crops.
Claims (6)
1. An electrostatic spray head suitable for use in a sunlight greenhouse, said electrostatic spray head comprising: the nozzle comprises a nozzle head, a nozzle seat, a top metal plate, a bottom metal plate, a strip electrode, a pipe sleeve, a one-way check valve and an air inlet; wherein, the top metal plate, the bottom metal plate and the strip-shaped electrode which are positioned in the nozzle seat jointly form a charging unit, namely a charging inner cavity of the spray head; a one-way check valve is arranged at the interface of the water inlet pipe and the electrostatic spray head and is connected with the electrostatic spray head through a pipe sleeve, wherein the water inlet pipe is connected with the pipe sleeve through a threaded structure, a channel of the water inlet pipe is communicated with a channel of the pipe sleeve, an opening is arranged in the electrostatic spray head, and liquid medicine in the medicine box enters the electrostatic spray head through the channel; the charging inner cavity and the nozzle seat are of an integrated structure, the nozzle head is connected with the nozzle seat through a pipe sleeve structure, and the rear end of the nozzle head is locked with the nozzle seat through a thread structure; the top metal plate with the strip-shaped electrode is fixed on the upper half part of the inner wall of the nozzle seat, is connected with the high-voltage electrostatic generator, and is combined with the bottom metal plate fixed on the lower half part of the inner wall of the nozzle seat to form a capacitor for forming a non-uniform electrostatic field and charging the drug delivery liquid.
2. The electrostatic sprayer applicable to the sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein a detachable nozzle filter screen is arranged inside the nozzle head to prevent impurities in the liquid medicine from blocking the nozzle head.
3. An electrostatic spray head for a solar greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an insulating air flow hood is arranged around the nozzle head, the angle of cone of the air flow hood being greater than the angle of cone of the spray of the nozzle head used.
4. The electrostatic sprayer suitable for the sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 3, wherein the nozzle head is a conical spray nozzle, the spray cone angle is 80 degrees, and the type is TXR 800053 VK; the cone angle of the gas flow hood at the front nozzle head of the electrostatic spray head is 85 degrees.
5. The electrostatic nozzle for a sunlight greenhouse of claim 3, wherein the air inlet, the inner wall of the insulating air flow cover, the outer wall of the nozzle holder and the outer wall of the nozzle head form an air flow channel.
6. The electrostatic nozzle for a sunlight greenhouse of claim 1, wherein said nozzle head, nozzle holder and pipe sleeve form a closed space, and in said closed space, a capacitor with double fan-shaped plates, which is composed of top metal plate, bottom metal plate and strip electrode, is designed as a charging unit-charging cavity of said nozzle to charge the liquid in said closed space.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010517246.1A CN111822165B (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Electrostatic sprayer suitable for sunlight greenhouse |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010517246.1A CN111822165B (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2020-06-09 | Electrostatic sprayer suitable for sunlight greenhouse |
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| CN111822165A CN111822165A (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| CN111822165B true CN111822165B (en) | 2022-07-22 |
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| CN115382323A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Intelligent induction type electrostatic spraying dust settling system |
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| CN103717312A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-04-09 | 住友化学株式会社 | Electrostatic atomizer, and method for electrostatically atomizing by use of the same |
| WO2014160886A2 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Washington State University | Systems and methods for treating material surfaces |
| CN205380000U (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-13 | 河南太行山国家级自然保护区焦作管理分局 | Medicinal shower nozzle is spouted in forestry deinsectization |
| CN107670893A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-02-09 | 江苏大学 | A kind of Lavalle low frequency electrostatic ULTRASONIC COMPLEX atomizer |
| CN109365129A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of charged dust-extraction unit of Sprial-flow suction type cloud |
| CN209476495U (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-10-11 | 山东小众户外精工科技有限公司 | A kind of double flow channel auxiliary electrostatic spray heads |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104549813A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-29 | 扬州大学 | Ultrasonic-pneumatic electrostatic nozzle |
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- 2020-06-09 CN CN202010517246.1A patent/CN111822165B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103717312A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2014-04-09 | 住友化学株式会社 | Electrostatic atomizer, and method for electrostatically atomizing by use of the same |
| WO2014160886A2 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Washington State University | Systems and methods for treating material surfaces |
| CN205380000U (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-13 | 河南太行山国家级自然保护区焦作管理分局 | Medicinal shower nozzle is spouted in forestry deinsectization |
| CN107670893A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-02-09 | 江苏大学 | A kind of Lavalle low frequency electrostatic ULTRASONIC COMPLEX atomizer |
| CN109365129A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-02-22 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of charged dust-extraction unit of Sprial-flow suction type cloud |
| CN209476495U (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-10-11 | 山东小众户外精工科技有限公司 | A kind of double flow channel auxiliary electrostatic spray heads |
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