CN111820208B - Mosquito larva killing agent and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents
Mosquito larva killing agent and preparation and application methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mosquito larva killing agent and a preparation method and an application method thereof. The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-70 parts of an organic silicon surfactant, 1-10 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 1-10 parts of plant essential oil and 10-88 parts of an organic solvent. The mosquito larva killing agent provided by the invention does not contain pesticide components, is environment-friendly, safe, efficient and durable, is suitable for large-area use, can greatly kill mosquito larvae hidden at the bottom of a water body, effectively controls the quantity of mosquitoes by killing mosquitoes at the source, has wide application, and is suitable for prevention and control of urban sanitary pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fine chemicals, in particular to a mosquito larva killing agent and preparation and application methods thereof.
Background
Mosquitoes are one of important vector insects for transmitting diseases, and the mosquitoes transmit various diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue fever, epidemic encephalitis B, yellow fever and the like by biting people to suck blood, so that the human health is harmed; the swine field diseases mainly transmitted by mosquitoes comprise swine epidemic encephalitis B, swine pox, toxoplasmosis, eperythrozoonosis, leptospirosis and the like, and particularly, the current swine field faces the threat of African swine fever, and the infection risk of the swine field to the African swine fever can be obviously increased due to the existence of the mosquitoes. Therefore, mosquito killing and prevention and control are of great significance in reducing the spread of diseases.
The life history of mosquitoes includes eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Mosquito larvae, commonly known as wigglers, live in water and breathe through the air holes to contact the water surface, and oil secreted around the air holes can prevent water from entering the air pipes. The belly end of culex and aedes larva has a breathing tube, the air hole opening is at the breathing tube end, such larva sinks to the bottom at ordinary times or contacts the surface of water with the breathing tube end, the health is oblique to the aquatic, the anopheles larva does not have a breathing tube, the air hole opening is at the belly end directly, the health leans on the sunken structure and the abdominal palm hair of the chest back, and the air hole makes the health parallel stay in the surface of water. The mouth tool is of chewing type, and takes plankton and organic particles in water as food. The larva needs to be molted for 4 times, and then molt is carried out to form pupa. The development time of the mosquito larvae is about 7 to 14 days in summer. Generally, the larval stage is a key stage for mosquito control. Wigglers often float on the water surface to seek food and breathe air, and can sink to the water bottom slightly when moving and static, and the reaction is extremely quick. The conventional method for spraying the insecticide is used for spraying the insecticide on the water surface, so that the mosquito larvae at the bottom of the water are difficult to kill, a large amount of the insecticide is required, and the serious environmental pollution is caused.
According to the disclosure of CN1694620A, the field of mosquito larvae killers includes various formulations of known toxic or non-toxic compositions of matter that are suitable for use in the area of mosquito ponding, but do not have the characteristics of rapid diffusion and conservation of water supply. As a larvicide, the non-toxic composition of matter includes at least one of those known to be selected from organic compounds capable of forming a monolayer or a monolayer on a surface at a locus of water. The film formed in this case does not contain toxins that kill mosquito larvae, but instead allows the mosquito larvae to sink or drown by adjusting the surface tension at the ponding location. This is because the larvae floating on the water surface, which are less dense than water, lose their usual means of support, i.e., surface tension around the tail end of each aquatic mosquito larva, the breathing tube, and the annular fleece around the upward tracheal opening. Thus, mosquitoes breeding in a given open water area can reliably kill their larvae by appropriately adjusting sleep, rather than by stopping normal larval respiration based on poisons.
A related factor mentioned in the background is the well-known use of biological mosquito eradication agents including virulent spores of microbial species such as Bacillus thuringiensis Israel and Bacillus sphaericus, which may be collectively referred to as "mosquito-specific entomopathogens". When mosquito larvae swallow a small number of bacillus spores, the toxin carried is very lethal. There is also public information in the entomology literature about pesticides for many other pests.
It has also been suggested that a so-called "synergistic" mode of treating mosquito breeding sites could be put to practical use. Wherein the larvicide comprises: pesticides that drown mosquito larvae by reducing surface tension by a monolayer, and pesticides that poison mosquito larvae with mosquito-specific entomopathogenic microorganisms. In one known composition used in larvicidal treatments of the type known as "drowning plus poisoning", it is recommended that the film-forming compound used have typical branched chains that produce a non-clumping, highly fluid monolayer that diffuses at a faster rate and thus is delivered at a faster rate to the surface of all of the water being treated.
The technology mainly adopts dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol as main film forming substances of a monomolecular film, and reduces the surface tension of a water body through the monomolecular film to 'drown' mosquito larvae, thereby achieving the purpose of killing the mosquito larvae. However, the related alkanol belongs to a straight-chain structure, so that a compact single-layer 'condensed film' is easily formed on the surface of a water body, and the diffusion speed and the diffusion area of the single-layer molecular film are greatly influenced. And the associated alkanols have limited ability to reduce surface tension of standing water; furthermore, the hexadecanol and the octadecanol are solid phase alcohols, the water diffusion capacity is limited, and the higher fatty alcohol structure of the solid phase alcohols can be eaten as nutrients of mosquito larvae in accumulated water. The higher aliphatic alcohol eaten by the mosquito larvae finally does not participate in the film diffusion and film formation process, thereby greatly affecting the effect of killing the mosquito larvae.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a mosquito larva killing agent, a preparation method of the mosquito larva killing agent and an application method of the mosquito larva killing agent.
The invention concept of the invention is as follows: the organic silicon surfactant is quickly and automatically diffused on the water surface to form a high-fluidity self-repairing film, part of the film is isolated from air, the surface tension of the water body is quickly reduced, the sucrose fatty acid ester particles are positioned on the surface of a ponding part bred by mosquito larvae to induce the mosquito larvae at the bottom of the water body to swallow the sugar ester particles, and the organic silicon surfactant is contacted with the mosquito larvae to reduce the interfacial tension between the mosquito larvae and the water body, so that the mosquito larvae are difficult to float on the water surface for breathing, and the aim of drowning the mosquito larvae is fulfilled. Meanwhile, when the mosquito larvae float on the water surface for breathing, the plant essential oil and the organic silicon surfactant are quickly adhered to the air holes at the tail ends of the mosquito larva breathing tubes under the synergistic action and are gathered into a film, and the film is quickly and durably wrapped to block the air holes, so that the mosquito larvae are suffocated and die. The method adopts double effects of 'drowning and blocking air hole suffocation' to kill mosquito larvae, can greatly kill mosquito larvae hidden at the bottom of water body, and kill mosquito seeds from the source. Meanwhile, in the process of automatic and rapid diffusion of the preparation in the water body, the organic silicon surfactant and the sucrose fatty acid ester wrap the plant essential oil to form microcapsules and slowly and continuously release the microcapsules, so that the preparation can continuously repel adult mosquitoes away from the water body, and the mosquitoes can be prevented from laying eggs in the water body. The dual prevention and control of 'killing source and reducing spawning' can control urban mosquitoes below the mosquito killing standard of civilized cities, does not need to use toxic pesticides, and has great significance for the quality of life of residents, the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases and the environmental protection. A further use of the formulation is to spread a suitable larvicide against other pests in water or wet soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a mosquito larva killing agent which can efficiently and quickly form a monomolecular film on the surface of accumulated water.
A mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-70 parts of an organic silicon surfactant, 1-10 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 1-10 parts of plant essential oil and 10-88 parts of an organic solvent.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the organosilicon surfactant is polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane surfactant.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the chemical structural formula of the organic silicon surfactant is shown as formula (1):
formula (1)) In the formula, EO represents-OCH2CH2-, PO represents-OCH2CH(CH3) -, R is-H or C1-C4 alkyl, n is 3-15, and m is 0-10.
Preferably, in the silicone surfactant having a structure represented by formula (1), n is 5 to 12, and m is 0 to 3.
Among the mosquito larva killing agents of the present invention, polyether modified heptamethyltrisiloxane surfactants with umbrella-like structures are preferred, and two main considerations are: 1. the organosilicon surfactant with the structure has very strong capability of reducing the surface tension of a water body, and can reduce the surface tension of water from 72mN/m to about 22mN/m at the concentration of 0.01%. 2. The organic silicon surfactant with the structure has very high-efficiency spreading and penetrating properties, and can be quickly spread into a high-fluidity monomolecular film on the water surface, so that the effect of low use amount is ensured; the permeability promotes the surfactant to rapidly spread and permeate into the air holes at the tail ends of the mosquito larva breathing tubes and gather into a film, and the film is rapidly and durably wrapped to block the air holes, so that the mosquito larvae die by suffocation. When such a silicone surfactant is used, the following effects are exhibited: 1. the high-fluidity monomolecular film is quickly spread on the water surface, the surface tension of the water body is greatly reduced, and the air is partially isolated, so that mosquito larvae are difficult to float on the water surface to breathe by utilizing the high surface tension of the water body, and the aim of drowning the mosquito larvae is fulfilled. The popular way is that the surface tension of the water body is lower than 25mN/m, and mosquito larvae can not float and can not reach the water surface to breathe air. 2. When the mosquito larvae try to breath or feed on the water surface, the organic silicon surfactant can drive the plant essential oil to be rapidly adhered to the air holes at the tail ends of the mosquito larva breathing tubes and to be gathered into a film, and the film is rapidly and permanently wrapped to block the air holes, so that the mosquito larvae are suffocated and die.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the mass part of the organosilicon surfactant is 20-50 parts.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the sucrose fatty acid ester is at least one selected from C8-C18 sucrose fatty acid monoester or C8-C18 sucrose fatty acid diester; further preferably, the sucrose fatty acid ester is selected from at least one of sucrose fatty acid monoester of C12-C14 or sucrose fatty acid diester of C12-C14; still more preferably, the sucrose fatty acid ester is at least one selected from the group consisting of C12 sucrose fatty acid monoester, C14 sucrose fatty acid monoester, and C12 sucrose fatty acid diester.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the mass part of the sucrose fatty acid ester is 2-6 parts.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the plant essential oil is at least one selected from d-limonene, oregano essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, sweet wormwood essential oil, citronella essential oil, tea tree essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, mint essential oil, clove essential oil, orange peel essential oil, lavender essential oil, wormwood essential oil, lemon grass essential oil, jasmine essential oil, rose essential oil and rosemary essential oil; further preferably, the plant essential oil is at least one selected from d-limonene, oregano essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, sweet wormwood essential oil, citronella essential oil, tea tree essential oil, mint essential oil and clove essential oil; still more preferably, the plant essential oil is at least one selected from d-limonene, oregano essential oil, cinnamon essential oil and sweet wormwood essential oil.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the mass part of the plant essential oil is 2-5 parts.
In the mosquito larva killing agent, two aspects of organic solvent selection are considered: 1. the water-soluble self-dissolving agent has good solubility to active substances of the preparation and low viscosity, and can promote the preparation to quickly spread on water surface to form a film; 2. low toxicity and low odor. Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the organic solvent is an alcohol solvent.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the organic solvent is at least one selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and isobutanol; further preferably, the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol. By adopting the micromolecular alcohol solvent, the selection requirements of the organic solvent can be met.
Preferably, in the mosquito larva killing agent, the mass part of the organic solvent is 39-76 parts.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mosquito larva killing agent.
The preparation method of the mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following steps:
dissolving sucrose fatty acid ester in organic solvent, adding organic silicon surfactant and plant essential oil, and mixing to obtain mosquito larva killing agent.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the sucrose fatty acid ester is dissolved in the organic solvent, specifically, the sucrose fatty acid ester and the organic solvent are mixed and stirred at 200r/min to 1000r/min until the sucrose fatty acid ester is completely dissolved.
The invention also provides an application method of the mosquito larva killing agent.
A method for killing or preventing and controlling mosquito larvae is to throw the mosquito larva killing agent into water or wet soil to kill or prevent and control mosquito larvae.
Preferably, in the method for killing or preventing and controlling the mosquito larvae, when the mosquito larva killing agent is added into water, the dosage of the mosquito larva killing agent accounts for 20ppm to 100ppm of the mass of the water; further preferably, the mosquito larva killing agent is used in an amount of 40ppm to 60ppm based on the mass of the water.
Preferably, in the method for killing or controlling mosquito larvae, the water is open standing water.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mosquito larva killing agent provided by the invention does not contain pesticide components, is environment-friendly, safe, efficient and durable, is suitable for large-area use, can greatly kill mosquito larvae hidden at the bottom of a water body, effectively controls the quantity of mosquitoes by killing mosquitoes at the source, has wide application, and is suitable for prevention and control of urban sanitary pests.
Specifically, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention does not contain pesticide components, is environment-friendly, has no toxicity and low odor, can be naturally degraded in water without residue, has high safety, has no acute or chronic toxicity to human bodies and other water animals (fish, shrimps and the like), and can not generate drug resistance by mosquitoes. The method has the advantages of convenient application, rapid onset of drug action, and suitability for large-area application.
2. The invention uses organosilicon surfactant to diffuse on water surface automatically and quickly to form high-fluidity self-repairing film, part of which is isolated from air, and simultaneously reduces water surface tension quickly, sucrose fatty acid ester particles are positioned on the surface of ponding place where mosquito larva breed to induce mosquito larva at the bottom of water body to swallow sugar ester particles, and the organosilicon surfactant reduces interface tension between mosquito larva and water body after contacting with mosquito larva, so that mosquito larva is difficult to float on water surface to breathe, thereby achieving the purpose of drowning. Meanwhile, when the mosquito larvae float on the water surface for breathing, the plant essential oil and the organic silicon surfactant are quickly adhered to the air holes at the tail ends of the mosquito larva breathing tubes under the synergistic action and are gathered into a film, and the film is quickly and durably wrapped to block the air holes, so that the mosquito larvae are suffocated and die. The method adopts double effects of 'drowning and blocking air hole suffocation' to kill mosquito larvae, can greatly kill mosquito larvae hidden at the bottom of water body, and kill mosquito seeds from the source.
3. In the process of automatic and rapid diffusion of the preparation in the water body, the organic silicon surfactant and the sucrose fatty acid ester wrap the plant essential oil to form microcapsules and slowly and continuously release the microcapsules, so that adult mosquitoes can be continuously driven away from the water body, and the oviposition of the mosquitoes in the water body is reduced. The dual prevention and control of 'killing source and reducing spawning' can control urban mosquitoes below the mosquito killing standard of civilized cities, does not need to use toxic pesticides, and has great significance for the quality of life of residents, the control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases and the environmental protection. A further use of the formulation is to spread a suitable larvicide against other pests in water or wet soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the examples and comparative examples were obtained from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by a method of the prior art, unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise indicated, the testing or testing methods are conventional in the art.
The following "%" and "parts" are each referred to as "percent by mass" or "parts by mass" unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organosilicon surfactant 20%, C12Sucrose fatty acid monoester 2%, d-limonene 2%, ethanol 76%; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in formula (1), wherein R is-H, n is 5, and m is 0.
The mosquito larva killing agent of this example was prepared according to the following steps:
at room temperature, 10 parts of C were added to a 1000mL beaker12And (3) starting a dispersion machine to stir at a constant speed at a rotating speed of 800r/min-1000r/min until the sucrose fatty acid ester is completely dissolved, sequentially adding 100 parts of silicone surfactant and 10 parts of d-limonene, and continuing to stir at a constant speed for 5min to obtain the mosquito larva killing agent.
Example 2
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organosilicon surfactant 30%, C145% of sucrose fatty acid monoester, 3% of oregano essential oil and 62% of isopropanol; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in formula (1), wherein R is-H, n is 8, and m is 0.
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva killing agent of this example was the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organosilicon surfactant 40%, C123% of sucrose fatty acid diester, 2% of cinnamon essential oil and 55% of isopropanol; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in formula (1), wherein R is-CH3，n＝10，m＝3。
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva killing agent of this example was the same as that of example 1.
Example 4
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organosilicon surfactant 50%, C12Sucrose fatty acid diester 3%, C143% of sucrose fatty acid monoester, 5% of sweet wormwood essential oil and 39% of n-butyl alcohol; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in the formula(1) Wherein R is-CH3，n＝12，m＝1。
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva killing agent of this example was the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 1
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% of organic silicon surfactant, 3% of oregano essential oil and 67% of isopropanol; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in formula (1), wherein R is-H, n is 8, and m is 0.
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva-killing agent of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 2
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: organosilicon surfactant 40%, C123% of sucrose fatty acid diester and 57% of isopropanol; the structural formula of the organosilicon surfactant is shown in formula (1), wherein R is-CH3，n＝10，m＝3。
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva-killing agent of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1.
Comparative example 3
The mosquito larva killing agent comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50% of cetyl alcohol, 5% of sweet wormwood essential oil and 45% of isopropanol.
The procedure for preparing the mosquito larva-killing agent of this comparative example was the same as that of example 1.
Mosquito larva killing and prevention and control effect test
Putting 5L tap water into each of eight 5L beakers, placing 5 fallen leaves, sealing the beaker mouth with mosquito net cloth, and supporting one beaker with a diameter of 0.01m3The upper space was placed in a cool and humid outdoor environment (ambient temperature 25-30 ℃) for 2 days, 100 newly hatched aedes albopictus larvae (wigglers) were put into each beaker, 0.25g (50ppm) of the mosquito larva-killing agent of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3 was added to each of seven beakers, and the number of survival and hatching of 24h, 48h, 168h, and 336h mosquito larvae was observed, respectively, by comparing the eighth beaker without adding the agent as a blank. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different mosquito larva killers on Aedes albopictus larvae
As can be seen from table 1, examples 1-4 had very good killing effect on aedes albopictus larvae compared to the blank group, which was superior to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and was also significantly superior to comparative example 3.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A mosquito larva killing agent, which is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-70 parts of an organic silicon surfactant, 1-10 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester, 1-10 parts of plant essential oil and 10-88 parts of an organic solvent;
the organic silicon surfactant is polyether modified heptamethyl trisiloxane surfactant.
2. A mosquito larva killing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical structural formula of the organic silicon surfactant is shown as a formula (1):
in the formula (1), EO represents-OCH2CH2-, PO represents-OCH2CH(CH3) -, R is-H or C1-C4 alkyl, n is 3-15, and m is 0-10.
3. A mosquito larva killing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the sucrose fatty acid ester is selected from at least one of sucrose fatty acid monoester of C8-C18 or sucrose fatty acid diester of C8-C18.
4. A mosquito larva killing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the plant essential oil is at least one selected from d-limonene, origanum essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, sweet wormwood essential oil, citronella essential oil, tea tree essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, mint essential oil, clove essential oil, orange peel essential oil, lavender essential oil, wormwood essential oil, lemon grass essential oil, jasmine essential oil, rose essential oil and rosemary essential oil.
5. A mosquito larva killing agent according to claim 1, wherein: the organic solvent is an alcohol solvent.
6. A mosquito larva killing agent according to claim 5, wherein: the organic solvent is selected from at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and isobutanol.
7. A method of preparing a mosquito larva killing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
dissolving sucrose fatty acid ester in an organic solvent, adding an organic silicon surfactant and plant essential oil, and mixing to obtain the mosquito larva killing agent.
8. A method for killing or preventing and controlling mosquito larvae is characterized in that: a mosquito larva killing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is added to water or wet soil to kill or control mosquito larvae.
9. A method of killing or controlling mosquito larvae according to claim 8, wherein: when the mosquito larva killing agent is added into water, the dosage of the mosquito larva killing agent accounts for 20ppm to 100ppm of the water mass.
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