CN111819941A - Method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder - Google Patents

Method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111819941A
CN111819941A CN202010373763.6A CN202010373763A CN111819941A CN 111819941 A CN111819941 A CN 111819941A CN 202010373763 A CN202010373763 A CN 202010373763A CN 111819941 A CN111819941 A CN 111819941A
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soil
water
aloe powder
aloe
evaporation
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任长江
赵勇
何凡
翟家齐
王丽珍
朱永楠
何国华
王建华
龚家国
李海红
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
    • C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder. The method comprises the following steps: mixing aloe powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing aloe powder with certain concentration; and adding a certain amount of water according to the preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated. By the method, the spreading amount of the aloe powder calculated according to the concentration of 0.2-0.4% is only 2-4 t per hectare, and the aloe powder is applied to farmland soil according to the spreading amount, so that the water-saving efficiency is 10.568-10.748%. By using the aloe powder as the soil anti-evaporation additive, 10.748% of water saving efficiency (the concentration of the aloe powder is 0.4%) can be realized, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency and water saving, and has the characteristics of low cost, small using amount, wide raw materials, no pollution, soil fertility improvement, good stability and the like.

Description

Method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural water conservancy projects, in particular to a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder.
Background
Soil moisture is a link and a central link for connecting the land with the atmosphere, participates in processes such as surface water circulation, energy and momentum exchange and the like, and is an indispensable key parameter in an ecological system and a climate system. Particularly in arid and semiarid regions, soil moisture is an important index capable of representing the soil condition of the arid regions, influences the growth, distribution pattern and evolution process of vegetation and can reflect and explain the soil weathering degree. Soil moisture evaporation is an important link of soil moisture balance and is a soil moisture diffusion process occurring at a soil-atmosphere interface. The evaporation process is a complex process that occurs inside the porous medium soil and at its interface with the atmosphere, i.e. involving the migration of moisture in the soil and evaporation at the soil surface. The soil evaporation phenomenon is a component of ground heat balance and a component of water balance, and is influenced by energy supply conditions, water vapor transport conditions, water supply capacity of evaporation media and the like. In arid and semi-arid regions, soil moisture evaporation is an important way for farmland moisture loss, and particularly in wide desert gobi regions, the severe evaporation of soil moisture becomes one of the key factors for restricting agricultural planting. Therefore, the research on the technologies for inhibiting the soil moisture evaporation and reducing the ineffective evaporation of the soil is carried out, and the method has very important significance for reasonably developing water resources and regulating and controlling the field moisture condition.
At present, the research on the technology for inhibiting the soil moisture evaporation mainly comprises methods of physical covering (such as sand covering, straw covering and plastic film covering), adding a chemical water-retaining agent, adding biochar and the like.
The sandstone is adopted for covering, and researches show that the obvious water-saving effect is achieved only when the thickness reaches 5-10 cm. The disadvantage is also obvious, firstly, the demand for the gravel is large, the water-saving cost is high, and when the gravel particle size, the application amount and the different particle size proportion are not reasonably set, the accumulated evaporation capacity of the soil is even increased. Secondly, because the mechanical tillage of farming link, the grit on top layer can mix with soil, and the grit content on top layer can reduce water conservation effect. Finally, after multiple rounds of planting and covering of the sand, the content of the sand in the soil is increased, the proportion of organic matters in the soil is reduced, the soil structure is damaged, and the sustainable development of agriculture is extremely unfavorable.
The straw covering can enhance the infiltration of soil moisture, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, improve the soil fertility by the decomposed straw, and has the advantage of degradation. However, the new crop straws can increase the farming resistance and increase the unit machine farming energy consumption to some extent.
The addition of the biochar in the soil can reduce the volume weight and density of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, change the distribution characteristics of soil aggregates, improve the water holding capacity and water conductivity of the soil and improve the drought resistance of crops. However, research shows that the water-saving effect is not achieved when all the soil is added with the biochar, and the addition amount of the biochar is 0.05-0.1 g.g－1In time, sandy loam water holding capacity decreases. Therefore, the method of adding the biochar has strict requirements on the cultivated soil quality and has higher application amount.
The technology of film covering and soil moisture conservation is widely applied to arid areas in the north of China, has the characteristics of obvious water saving, heat preservation, yield increase, salt control and the like, and simultaneously causes the problem of residual film pollution. On the one hand, the residual mulching film fragments in the soil can cause the reduction of the air permeability of the soil, the weakening of the water permeability, even the normal circulation and exchange of the farmland soil air are damaged, and finally the fertility level of the soil is reduced and the soil is hardened. On the other hand, the plastic mulching film can be remained in soil for hundreds of years and is extremely difficult to degrade under natural conditions. The residual films are accumulated by the agricultural film mulching cultivation for many years, so that the soil infiltration resistance is increased, the soil density is reduced, the field water storage capacity is reduced, and the crop yield is reduced finally.
The water-retaining agent is used as a novel water-retaining chemical product, has remarkable water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties in the aspects of water and soil conservation of farmlands and forestry and landscaping, and has better water-retaining and soil-retaining benefits and economic utilization value. However, the influence of the water-retaining agent on the soil also has some problems, such as how the action mechanism of the water-retaining agent applied to the soil aggregate is influenced, how the infiltration property of the water-retaining agent is influenced, and the type, application method and dosage of the water-retaining agent applied to different regions are unknown.
In conclusion, the related technologies for inhibiting soil moisture evaporation always have the problems of high pollution, high unit machine-ploughing energy consumption, high additive consumption, environmental friendliness and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder, which aims to solve the problems.
The invention provides a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing aloe powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing the aloe powder;
and 2, pretreating the soil containing the aloe powder to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated.
Preferably, in the step 1, the thickness of the surface soil is 5 cm-20 cm;
the volume weight of the surface soil is 1g/cm3～2g/cm3(ii) a The aloe powder accounts for 0.2-0.8% of the surface soil by mass.
Preferably, the topsoil is a topsoil of a cultivated land soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further comprises the following steps:
calculating the application amount of the aloe powder;
according to the calculated application amount, applying aloe powder to farmland soil, and mixing the aloe powder with surface soil by a mechanical tillage method;
the dosage of the aloe powder is calculated by the following steps:
the amount of aloe powder is the ratio of the surface area of the surface soil, the thickness of the surface soil, the volume weight of the surface soil and the mass.
Preferably, in the step 2, the pretreatment is: adding a certain amount of water into the soil containing the aloe powder according to a preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated;
wherein the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retention moisture content and the saturation moisture content of the soil.
Preferably, the aloe powder comprises aloe vera gel, which has thickening and stability properties.
Preferably, the water is newtonian liquid water, the aloe vera gel converting the newtonian liquid water into non-newtonian liquid water;
the evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than that of Newtonian liquid water.
Preferably, the aloe vera powder comprises a polysaccharide; the polysaccharide comprises mannose, galactose, glucose, phytohemagglutinin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose.
Preferably, the polysaccharide is broken down into water molecules and organic matter;
the water molecules provide moisture for soil and crops, and the organic matters are used as nutritional raw materials required by the growth of the crops.
The method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using the aloe powder provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: mixing aloe powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing aloe powder with certain concentration; and adding a certain amount of water according to the preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated. By the method, the spreading amount of the aloe powder calculated according to the concentration of 0.2-0.4% of the aloe powder is 2-4 t/hectare, and the aloe powder is applied to farmland soil according to the spreading amount, so that the water-saving efficiency is 10.568-10.748%. By adopting the method, the aloe powder is used as the soil anti-evaporation additive, and when the concentration is 0.4%, 10.748% of water saving efficiency can be realized, so that the method has the advantage of high efficiency and water saving, and the method also has the characteristics of low cost, small using amount, wide raw materials, no pollution, soil fertility improvement, good stability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of one embodiment of a method of reducing soil moisture evaporation using aloe vera powder in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.2% additive as a function of time in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.4% additive as a function of time in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2(c) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.6% additive as a function of time in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2(d) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.8% additive as a function of time in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.01% additive as a function of time in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.02% additive as a function of time in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(c) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.03% additive as a function of time in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3(d) is a graph showing the cumulative evaporation of water from soil at a concentration of 0.04% additive as a function of time in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram showing water saving efficiency at each concentration of additive in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram showing the water saving efficiency at each concentration of the additive in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below. The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder, as shown in fig. 1, the method including:
step 1(S101), mixing aloe powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing aloe powder;
in specific implementation, the method can be divided into two application scenes. The first one is: in the test scenario, according to the concentration gradients described in tables 5 and 6 of the present invention, a number of amounts of aloe powder were uniformly mixed with the air-dried soil to obtain test soils with different concentration gradients.
The second method is as follows: in the agricultural production water-saving scene, 2-4 t of aloe powder (namely, the content of the aloe powder in 10cm soil on the surface layer is 0.2% -0.4%) is applied to the surface layer of the cultivated soil according to the concentration corresponding to the optimal water-saving efficiency shown in the table 5 and the table 6 of the invention before sowing.
Step 2(S102), pretreating the soil containing aloe powder to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated.
In specific implementation, the method can be divided into two application scenarios, which respectively correspond to the first and second scenarios in step 1. Corresponding to the first application scenario, the operation process is as follows: then, a plurality of amounts of tap water are added into the air-dried soil added with the drought-resistant agent (aloe powder) to prepare soil to be subjected to evaporation test with a certain water content. Corresponding to the second application scenario, the operation process is as follows: the method is characterized in that the farmland soil where the aloe powder is spread is mechanically ploughed, and then the soil where the drought-resistant agent (the aloe powder) is spread is irrigated after the mechanical ploughing, and areas with abundant rainfall do not need or need a small amount of irrigation.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in step S101, the thickness of the surface soil is 5cm to 20 cm; the volume weight of the surface soil is 1g/cm3～2g/cm3(ii) a The aloe powder accounts for 0.1 to 0.8 percent of the mass ratio of the surface soil; wherein, the application scene corresponding to the mass ratio of 0.1-0.8% is the first application scene; when the application scene is the second agricultural production scene, the optimal mass ratio range is 0.2% -0.4%, experiments show that the water-saving efficiency is higher only in the concentration range, and in the agricultural production, the application amount of the aloe powder is calculated according to 10cm on the surface layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in another aspect, when the application scenario is agricultural water conservation, the surface soil is located on a surface layer of farmland soil, and the method for reducing soil moisture evaporation further includes:
step 1(S201), calculating an application amount: calculating the application amount according to the concentration corresponding to the optimal water-saving efficiency;
the dosage of the aloe powder is calculated by the following steps:
the dosage of the aloe powder is the ratio of the surface area of the surface soil, the thickness of the surface soil, the volume weight of the surface soil and the mass; in practice, in agricultural production, the aloe powder is applied in an amount of 10cm on the surface, for example, the soil volume weight of cultivated land is 1.35 × 103t/m30.2% of aloe powder is sprinkled on 10cm of soil on the surface layer, and the aloe powder is only needed to be used in each hectare as follows: 104m2×0.1m×1.35×103t/m3×0.2％＝2t。
Step 2(S202), tractor-ploughing mixing: in the sowing period, aloe powder is scattered into the cultivated land according to the addition amount calculated in the step 1, then the aloe powder is mixed with surface soil by adopting mechanical tillage, the aloe powder is fully mixed with the soil under the action of the mechanical tillage, the sowing is convenient, and finally the effects of loosening the soil, increasing the porosity of the soil and improving the water storage capacity of the soil are achieved;
and 3, step 203, irrigating water after seeding (aiming at the northern area) or not irrigating water/slightly irrigating water (aiming at the southern area).
In this embodiment of the present invention, preferably, in the S102, the preprocessing is: adding a certain amount of water into the soil containing the aloe powder according to a preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated; wherein the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retention moisture content and the saturation moisture content of the soil, namely the retention moisture content is greater than or equal to the retention moisture content, and the saturation moisture content is less than or equal to the saturation moisture content;
during specific implementation, the value interval of the initial water content can be 0.06-0.5, different values can be carried out according to different soils, and the basis of the values is as follows: the retention water content is more than or equal to the retention water content and less than or equal to the saturation water content; wherein the retention water content is also called withering coefficient, namely the water content of the soil when the plant produces permanent withering water, namely the lower limit of the available soil water amount (effective water) for the plant; the saturated water content is also referred to as the saturated water content (total water holding capacity), i.e., the water content of the soil when all the pores of the soil are filled with water.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the aloe powder includes aloe vera gel, which has thickening and stability properties.
In the embodiment of the invention, preferably, the water belongs to Newtonian liquid water, and the aloe vera gel converts the Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water; the evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than that of the Newtonian liquid water, so that the evaporation speed of the water in the soil can be reduced.
Wherein the added water is Newton liquid water, the aloe gel converts the Newton liquid water into non-Newton liquid water, and the evaporation resistance of the non-Newton liquid water is larger than that of the Newton liquid water, so that the evaporation capacity of the water in the soil is effectively reduced. And the formed water molecules in the non-Newtonian liquid water can be respectively absorbed by the plant root system, and the aloe powder in the non-Newtonian liquid water can be absorbed by the plant root system after being decomposed.
In the present embodiment, preferably, the aloe powder includes a polysaccharide; the polysaccharide comprises mannose, galactose, glucose, phytohemagglutinin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose.
In the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the polysaccharide is decomposed into water molecules and organic matter by soil microorganisms; the water molecules provide moisture for soil and crops, and the organic matters are used as nutritional raw materials required by the growth of the crops.
The method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) wide material consumption: aloe is a perennial herb that is distributed almost throughout the world. Wild aloe vera is distributed in both the Indian and Malaysia zones, the African continent and in tropical regions. Cultivated in Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China. There are at least 300 wild species of aloe, of which there are about 250 species in the African continent, about 40 species in Magaska, and the remaining 10 species are distributed in Arabia etc. The global aloe vera planting area is approximately 23589 hectare, wherein the american continent planting area is approximately 19119 hectare, accounting for 81% of the global planting area; australia, new zealand and adjacent pacific islands had a planted area of 4170 hectares, accounting for 18% of the world planted area. It can be said that aloe raw materials are widely distributed and have a high yield, and thus are relatively low in cost.
(2) The dosage is less: covering the soil by sand stones with the thickness of 5-10 cm to reduce soil evaporation, and assuming that the volume weight of the sand stones is 2.5 multiplied by 103t/m3The thickness of the covering is 10cm, 10 is required per hectare4m2×0.1m×2.5×103t/m3＝2500×103t sand stone. If aloe powder is used, the volume weight of soil in cultivated land is assumed to be 1.35 × 103t/m3Spreading 0.3% Aloe powder in 10cm soil per hectare4m2×0.1m×1.35×103t/m3When x 0.3% is 3t, water saving efficiency of about 11% can be achieved.
(3) No pollution: aloe contains abundant polysaccharide components, and the polysaccharide in Aloe mainly comprises more than 30 kinds of mannose, galactose, glucose, phytohemagglutinin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose etc. The decomposed substance is carbohydrate. The decomposed water can supplement soil water in a small amount, and the organic matters decomposed by soil microorganisms can be used as nutrient raw materials required by crop growth for crop growth.
(4) Improving the soil fertility: firstly, organic matters decomposed by soil microorganisms provide nutritional raw materials for crop growth; secondly, the organic matters can improve the soil structure and prevent soil hardening; thirdly, because the organic matters have the function of enhancing the soil aggregate, the water retention and the air permeability of the soil can be enhanced; fourthly, the decomposition and the decay are also accompanied with the release of energy, and the respiration of the root system of the crops can be promoted. The influence of the aloe powder on the water, fertilizer and gas heat of the soil is integrated, so that the decomposed aloe powder has the function of improving the soil fertility.
(5) The stability is good: because aloe contains a large amount of polysaccharide components, the polysaccharide in the aloe mainly comprises more than 30 of mannose, galactose, glucose, phytohemagglutinin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan, rhamnose and the like. The aloe gel has the advantages that the content of aloe polysaccharide in different parts is different, the content of aloe polysaccharide in rhizome parts is higher, the leaf skin is inferior, and then the whole leaf is provided, the content of the aloe polysaccharide in the aloe gel is the least, but the aloe polysaccharide contained in the aloe gel is mostly essence and is also the highest in quality, and the content of aloe gel is higher, so that the aloe gel has good thickening property and stability.
In addition, by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, because the factors such as acid-base property, ionic strength and the like of the soil inevitably influence the microenvironment of an aloe gel system or react with substances in the system, and further influence the thickening property and the stable variety of the aloe gel aqueous solution, when the aloe powder is used as a drought-resistant agent, attention must be paid to the soil environment, and a proper aloe product is selected, namely, the aloe powder of the optimal variety is selected according to the environments of different soils.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the method of reducing soil moisture evaporation using aloe powder of the present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.
In the application example of the present invention, soil treatment is divided into two cases, a high concentration additive evaporation test (example 1) and a low concentration additive evaporation test (example 2). Wherein the high concentration or the low concentration in the present embodiment refers to the mass ratio of the aloe powder to the test soil.
Example 1 (high concentration additive Evaporation test)
1) Test materials and instruments
In one example of the present invention, the soil is red loam typical of Nanchang city, Jiangxi, the specification/model of the experimental materials and the experimental instruments are shown in Table 1, and the physicochemical properties of the particles of the experimental soil are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 test materials and instruments
Figure BDA0002479353160000091
Table 2 testing of soil particle physicochemical properties
Figure BDA0002479353160000092
2) Test protocol
In the application example of the invention, the additives are respectively drought-resistant treasure and aloe powder, and the test is divided into 9 groups: a blank control experiment without adding any reagent in soil; ② drought-resistant agent as additive, concentration is set as 4 gradients, respectively C is 0.2%, C is 0.4%, C is 0.6%, C is 0.8%. ③ Aloe powder as additive, concentration is set as 4 grads, respectively C0.2%, C0.4%, C0.6%, C0.8%.
The volume weight of the test soil is set to be 1.35g/cm3The soil loading height was 15cm, and each evaporation pan was loaded with 14.313kg of air-dried test soil, and the two additives were mixed well with the test soil according to the above concentration gradient and then loaded into an evaporation pan having a diameter of 15 cm. Then, 5kg of tap water was added to each evaporation surface to prepare soil to be evaporated having a water content of 0.35.
In the first example of the application, the research area is located in the south chang engineering institute of Jiangxi province, the starting and ending time of the test is 08:00 in 2019 and 10 month 9 and 20:00 in 2019 and 15 month 10 and 15, and the meteorological indexes during the test are shown in Table 3:
table 3: 20:00 meteorological data of 10 month and 9 days in 2019, 08: 00-10 month and 15 days in 2019
Figure BDA0002479353160000101
Remarking: "+" indicates "trace" and "0" indicates no precipitation.
Wherein, the soil to be evaporated can be understood as unsaturated soil, and the selected drought-resistant fertilizer is the drought-resistant fertilizer in the prior art.
3) Calculating the water-saving efficiency:
recording the accumulated evaporation capacity of soil moisture under the condition of not adding plant flour as P0(control test) the cumulative amount of evaporation of soil moisture after addition of the plant powder was PcThe water saving efficiency is eta, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002479353160000102
in the formula, eta is more than or equal to 0 and is used for representing water conservation, and eta is less than 0 and is used for representing no water conservation. The evaporation capacity of each group of tests is obtained by weighing the soil to be evaporated, and the weight change value of the soil to be evaporated is equal to the evaporation capacity of water.
4) Application example results:
fig. 2(a, b, c, d) shows the cumulative evaporation amount of soil moisture with time under high concentration conditions in the example of the present invention. Fig. 4(a) shows a water saving efficiency diagram under a high concentration condition in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the first example of the present application, the cumulative evaporation amount of soil moisture under high concentration conditions is shown in fig. 2(a, b, c, d) as a function of time, and the water saving efficiency under low concentration conditions calculated according to the formula (1) is shown in table 5 and fig. 4 (a).
TABLE 5 Water saving efficiency at high concentrations of two additives%
Figure BDA0002479353160000111
As shown in fig. 2(a, b, c, and d), in the case of the soil with four concentrations, the cumulative evaporation amount of the soil moisture rapidly increases in a period of about 0 to 72 hours, the slope of the cumulative evaporation amount is large, and then the cumulative evaporation amount gradually increases. The accumulated evaporation amount of the soil moisture in the 0-72 h period is evaporated quickly due to the relatively high average atmospheric temperature and total solar radiation amount in the first 10 months, 9 days to 10 months, 11 days and three days.
As shown in FIG. 2(a, b, d), the soil evaporation capacity of the aloe powder is less than that of the soil added with the drought-resistant agent and less than that of the soil of the control group under four high-concentration conditions, which indicates that the aloe powder has drought-resistant and water-saving effects under the high-concentration conditions. As can be seen from fig. 2(C), when C is 0.6%, the soil to which the drought protection agent is added almost coincides with the cumulative evaporation rate of the comparative test, and when C is 0.2%, C is 0.4%, and C is 0.8%, the cumulative evaporation rate of the drought protection agent soil is greater than that of the control group soil in fig. 2(a, b, d), which indicates that the drought protection agent does not have the effect of saving water under the high concentration condition of the red loam in the west and the river.
As can be seen from table 5 and fig. 4(a), the water saving efficiency of the soil to which the drought-resistant agent is added is positive except that the concentration C of the drought-resistant agent is 0.6%, and the water saving efficiency is only 0.816%, which is negligible. The water-saving efficiency under other three concentration conditions is negative, and the water-saving efficiency eta is-2.008%, -4.705% and-4.266% when the concentration of the drought-resistant agent is 0.2%, the concentration of the drought-resistant agent is 0.4% and the concentration of the drought-resistant agent is 0.8%. For the soil added with aloe powder, the water-saving efficiency is positive under four concentrations, and the water-saving efficiency is sequentially 1.317 percent of eta (0.6 percent) (C) > 1.192 percent (C) > 0.2 percent) > 1.129 percent (C ═ 0.4 percent) > 0.816 percent (C ═ 0.8 percent). Compared with the two additives, the drought-resistant fertilizer has no water-saving function on southern red loam under the condition of high concentration, and the aloe powder has better water-saving effect.
Example 2 (Low concentration additive Evaporation test)
1) Test materials and instruments
In this example of the present invention, the test soil is typical red loam soil of Nanchang city, Jiangxi, the experimental materials and the specifications/models of the test instruments are shown in Table 1, and the physicochemical properties of the test soil particles are shown in Table 2.
2) Test protocol
In the second application example of the invention, the additives are respectively drought-resistant agent and aloe powder, and the test is divided into 9 groups: a blank control experiment without adding any reagent in soil; ② the drought-resistant agent as additive, the concentration is set as 4 gradients, respectively, C is 0.01%, C is 0.02%, C is 0.03%, C is 0.04%. ③ Aloe powder as additive, concentration is set as 4 grads, respectively C0.01%, C0.02%, C0.03%, C0.04%. Wherein, concentration C ═ 0.01% represents: the mass ratio is 0.1g/kg, and the concentration C is 0.02 percent: mass ratio of 0.2g/kg, concentration C0.03% for: the mass ratio is 0.3g/kg, and the concentration C is 0.04 percent: the mass ratio is 0.4 g/kg.
The volume weight of the test soil is set to be 1.35g/cm3The soil loading height was 15cm, and each evaporation pan was loaded with 14.313kg of air-dried test soil, and the two additives were mixed well with the test soil according to the above concentration gradient and then loaded into an evaporation pan having a diameter of 15 cm. Then, 5kg of tap water was added to each evaporation surface to prepare soil to be evaporated having a water content of 0.35.
In a second example of the application, the research area is located in the south chang engineering institute of Jiangxi province, the starting and ending time of the test is 20:00 at 11 month and 2 days 08: 00-2019 at 11 month and 17 days 17 month, and the meteorological indexes during the test are shown in table 4:
table 4: 20:00 meteorological data of 11 month and 2 days in 2019, 08: 00-11 month and 17 days in 2019
Figure BDA0002479353160000121
Figure BDA0002479353160000131
Remarking: "+" indicates "trace" and "0" indicates no precipitation.
Wherein, the soil to be evaporated can be understood as unsaturated soil, and the selected drought-resistant fertilizer is the drought-resistant fertilizer in the prior art.
3) Calculating the water-saving efficiency:
recording the accumulated evaporation capacity of soil moisture under the condition of not adding plant flour as P0(control test) the cumulative amount of evaporation of soil moisture after addition of the plant powder was PcThe water saving efficiency is eta, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002479353160000132
in the formula, eta is more than or equal to 0 and is used for representing water conservation, and eta is less than 0 and is used for representing no water conservation. The water-saving efficiency calculation formula is the same as that in embodiment 1.
4) Application example results:
fig. 3(a, b, c, d) shows the cumulative evaporation amount of soil moisture with time under low concentration conditions in the example of the present invention. Fig. 4(b) shows a water saving efficiency diagram under a low concentration condition in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the present application example, the cumulative evaporation amount of soil moisture under low concentration conditions as a function of time is shown in FIG. 3(a, b, c, d), and the water saving efficiency under low concentration conditions calculated according to the formula (1) is shown in Table 6 and FIG. 4 (b).
TABLE 6 Water saving efficiency/% at Low concentrations of two additives
Figure BDA0002479353160000141
As shown in fig. 3(a, b, c, and d), in the case of the soil with four concentrations, the slope of the cumulative evaporation amount of the soil moisture is large in the period of about 0 to 92 hours, and then the soil moisture gradually increases. The evaporation rate is higher due to the accumulated evaporation amount of soil moisture in the 0-92 h period, which is caused by that the average atmospheric temperature is higher (20.7 ℃) in the first 11 months and 2 days to 11 months and 5 days and the total solar radiation amount is relatively higher (15 MJ/m)2) Thereby, the effect is achieved.
As can be seen from fig. 3(a, b, C, d), when the concentration C is 0.02%, the cumulative evaporation amount is in the order of: control group drought-resistant treasure aloe powder. The cumulative evaporation capacity under the three concentration conditions of C0.01%, C0.03% and C0.04% shows: the comparison group is aloe powder and drought resistant treasure. This shows that both the two additives have water-saving effect under low concentration condition (C is 0.01% -0.04%), and the water-saving effect of the drought-resistant agent is superior to that of aloe powder on the whole.
As can be seen from table 6 and fig. 4(b), the water saving efficiency under 4 low concentration conditions was positive for the soil to which the drought-resistant agent was added, and the water saving efficiency was successively defined as η 6.269% (C0.01%) > η 5.839% (C0.03%) > η 4.465% (C0.02%) > η 4.122% (C0.04%). For the soil added with aloe gel, the water-saving efficiency is also positive under four concentrations, and the water-saving efficiency is that eta is 5.882% (C is 0.02%) > eta is 5.539% (C is 0.03%) > eta is 3.821% (C is 0.01%) > eta is 2.061% (C is 0.04%). Compared with the two additives, the drought-resistant agent has water-saving efficiency superior to that of the aloe powder under the condition of low concentration.
In conclusion, the drought-resistant fertilizer has no water-saving effect under the condition of high concentration, and the aloe powder has obvious water-saving efficiency as shown in the examples 1 and 2; under the condition of low concentration, the drought-resistant fertilizer and the aloe powder both have water-saving effect, and the water-saving effect of the drought-resistant fertilizer is better than that of the aloe powder on the whole. When the aloe powder is used as the soil anti-evaporation additive, the high-concentration water-saving effect is better, the concentration is controlled in the range of 0.2-0.4% of C, the water-saving effect is best when 0.4% of C, and the water-saving efficiency can reach 10.75%.
The core of the invention is as follows: 1. weighing a plurality of grams of drought-resistant reagents (biological powder) according to different concentration gradients, then mixing, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of tap water according to a set water content, and preparing unsaturated soil to be evaporated, wherein the concentration value of the drought-resistant reagents is the core of the invention; 2. the degradable aloe powder with the gel effect is combined with water in farmland soil to form non-Newtonian liquid water with large evaporation resistance so as to achieve the aim of saving water resources, and the biological powder provided by the invention can realize the effects of small using amount and high water-saving efficiency, so that the method provided by the invention can be widely applied to agricultural cultivation and has considerable economy.
The principle of the invention is as follows: after the drought-resistant agent (aloe powder) is added, water molecules in the soil react with the aloe particles to convert original Newtonian liquid water into non-Newtonian liquid water, and the viscosity of the non-Newtonian liquid water is higher than that of the Newtonian liquid water, so that the resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water escaping from the soil under the action of evaporation is relatively higher, and the evaporation capacity of the soil added with the drought-resistant agent (aloe powder) under the same evaporation condition is also lower, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing water evaporation.
For simplicity of explanation, the method embodiments are described as a series of acts or combinations, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited by the order of acts, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently in accordance with the invention. Further, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and elements referred to are not necessarily required to practice the invention.
The method for reducing soil moisture evaporation by using aloe powder provided by the invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by using specific examples, and the description of the examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method of using aloe vera powder to reduce soil moisture evaporation, comprising:
step 1, mixing aloe powder into surface soil to obtain soil containing the aloe powder;
and 2, pretreating the soil containing the aloe powder to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the thickness of the topsoil is 5cm to 20 cm;
the volume weight of the surface soil is 1g/cm3～2g/cm3(ii) a The aloe powder accounts for 0.2-0.8% of the surface soil by mass.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the soil is surface field soil, and the method of reducing soil moisture evaporation further comprises:
calculating the application amount of the aloe powder;
according to the calculated application amount, applying aloe powder to farmland soil, and mixing the aloe powder with surface soil by adopting a mechanical tillage method;
the dosage of the aloe powder is calculated by the following steps:
the amount of aloe powder is the ratio of the surface area of the surface soil, the thickness of the surface soil, the volume weight of the surface soil and the mass.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the preprocessing is: adding a certain amount of water into the soil containing the aloe powder according to a preset water content to prepare unsaturated soil to be evaporated;
wherein the initial moisture content of the unsaturated soil is between the retention moisture content and the saturation moisture content of the soil.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the aloe powder comprises aloe vera gel, which has thickening and stability properties.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the water is newtonian liquid water, the aloe vera gel converting the newtonian liquid water to non-newtonian liquid water;
the evaporation resistance of the non-Newtonian liquid water is greater than that of Newtonian liquid water.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the aloe powder comprises a polysaccharide; the polysaccharide comprises mannose, galactose, glucose, phytohemagglutinin, xylose, arabinose, glucomannan and rhamnose.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the polysaccharide is broken down into water molecules and organic matter;
the water molecules provide moisture for soil and crops, and the organic matters are used as nutritional raw materials required by the growth of the crops.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN107124931A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-05 内蒙古百合生态科技有限公司 A kind of desert saline ground method of water conservation drought resisting in afforestation
CN108865164A (en) * 2018-08-21 2018-11-23 西北师范大学 A kind of preparation method of inorganic clay-biogum composite water conservation material
CN110055078A (en) * 2019-04-16 2019-07-26 安徽泓森高科林业股份有限公司 A kind of plant water keeping agent and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103314075A (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-09-18 罗地亚(中国)有限公司 Soil additives for promoting seed germination and prevention of evaporation and methods for using the same
CN105567241A (en) * 2010-08-20 2016-05-11 索尔维投资有限公司 Soil additive for facilitating seed germination and inhibiting evaporation and using method thereof
CN107124931A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-05 内蒙古百合生态科技有限公司 A kind of desert saline ground method of water conservation drought resisting in afforestation
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Application publication date: 20201027