CN111818443A - Method for determining User Equipment (UE) position and processing device - Google Patents
Method for determining User Equipment (UE) position and processing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111818443A CN111818443A CN201910289466.0A CN201910289466A CN111818443A CN 111818443 A CN111818443 A CN 111818443A CN 201910289466 A CN201910289466 A CN 201910289466A CN 111818443 A CN111818443 A CN 111818443A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the position of User Equipment (UE), which comprises the steps of determining the spacing information of M antenna arrays and the angle information of N pieces of UE, wherein the spacing information is the spacing between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays, the angle information is the angle when any UE in the N pieces of UE sends signals to the M antenna arrays, and the M, N are integers which are larger than 0; and generating an M x N phase shift value matrix according to the spacing information and the angle information, wherein the phase shift values in the phase shift value matrix are used for indicating the spatial position of the UE. The embodiment of the invention also provides a corresponding processing device. The technical scheme of the invention can not only reduce the analog deviation, but also meet the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in a laboratory.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and a processing apparatus for determining a location of a user equipment UE.
Background
A large-scale multiple input multiple output (Massive MIMO) antenna system is derived from a phased array radar technology and evolves to a cellular multiple antenna communication system on the basis of the phased array radar technology, and the Massive MIMO can greatly improve cell capacity and throughput by using a spatial multiplexing technology without increasing new spectrum resources. Currently, massive MIMO has been considered by the industry as a crucial method for improving spectrum utilization efficiency in Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE +, especially in the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G).
Multiflow multiplexing relies on the correlation between user terminal (UE) channels, and the key factors affecting this correlation depend on the spatial degrees of freedom between UEs. In the prior art, for determining the spatial distance of the UE in a laboratory, a Variable Attenuation Matrix (VAM) test device is usually used to determine the spatial distance of the UE, that is, different measurement distances are transformed at the same narrow wave velocity to determine the actual location of the UE in the real world. If in the determination process, when the channel does not pass through a channel simulator (CE), due to low spatial degree of freedom, 8-stream, 16-stream or more than 16-stream multi-user multiple input multiple output antenna system (MU-MIMO) pairing cannot be triggered; when passing through the CE, the maximum standard of the CE channel number is 32 × 8 due to the standard limit of the CE channel number, which results in that the MU-MIMO test of more than 8 streams cannot be performed, and the test requirements of the MU-MIMO or full-dimensional multiple input multiple output antenna system (FD-MIMO) of a 64T or 128T smart antenna unit (AAU) cannot be met.
Therefore, the method of the prior art cannot test and determine the multi-channel signal synthesis of more than 128T, and the test method is difficult and uncertain due to the complexity of the large-scale mimo antenna system and the communication channel. Therefore, the determination of such channels in the existing laboratory test environment is still a current stage and a problem to be solved in the future.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a processing device for determining the position of User Equipment (UE), which can reduce the simulation deviation and meet the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in a laboratory.
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide the following solutions:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE, where the method may be applied in a laboratory to determine a 3D spatial location of a user, that is, to determine a location in a three-dimensional space where the user is specifically located. The method can comprise the following steps: determining spacing information of the M antenna arrays and angle information of the N UEs, wherein the spacing information is the spacing between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays, the angle information is the angle when any UE in the N UEs sends signals to the M antenna arrays, and the M, N are integers which are larger than 0; and generating an M x N phase shift value matrix according to the spacing information and the angle information, wherein the phase shift values in the phase shift value matrix are used for indicating the spatial position of the UE. Because the UE has mobility, the spatial position of the UE is determined through the angle information, so that the simulation deviation can be reduced, and the test scene requirement of MassiveMIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in a laboratory can be met.
Optionally, with reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, the generating an M × N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information may include: determining a wave path difference according to the distance information and the angle information, wherein the wave path difference is a difference between wave paths when a signal sent by any UE of the N UEs respectively reaches a reference antenna array and a first antenna array, the reference antenna array is any one of the M antenna arrays, and the first antenna array is an antenna array except the reference antenna array in the M antenna arrays; converting the wave path difference into a phase difference; and generating the phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference. Because the phase difference can be determined by the wave path difference of the same signal reaching different antenna elements, the phase shift value is determined by the phase difference, and the position of the UE can be efficiently and accurately determined.
Optionally, with reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, after converting the wave path difference into a phase difference, the method may further include: generating a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array; generating a phase-shifting matrix table according to the phase-shifting value of the reference antenna array and the phase-shifting value of the first antenna array; and issuing the phase shift matrix table to a phase shifter matrix for the phase shifter matrix to determine the spatial position of the UE.
Optionally, with reference to the first or second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, before converting the path difference into a phase difference, the method may further include: determining the distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays as an equivalent parallel distance; converting the wave path difference into a phase difference, comprising: and when the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is determined to be the equivalent parallel distance, converting the wave path difference into the phase difference. The distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is limited to the equivalent parallel distance, so that the actual position of the UE can be accurately determined in a laboratory by a simplified process.
Optionally, with reference to the first aspect and any one of the first to third possible implementation manners of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the angle information may include a horizontal dimension angle or a vertical dimension angle.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a processing apparatus, which may include: a determining module, configured to determine spacing information of the M antenna elements and angle information of the N UEs, where the spacing information is a spacing between any two adjacent antenna elements in the M antenna elements, the angle information is an angle when any UE in the N UEs sends a signal to the M antenna elements, and the M, N are integers greater than 0; a generating module, configured to generate an M × N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information determined by the determining module, where a phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix is used to indicate a spatial location of the UE.
Optionally, with reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, the processing apparatus further includes: a conversion module, configured to determine a path difference according to the distance information and the angle information, where the path difference is a difference between paths when a signal sent by any UE of the N UEs respectively reaches a reference antenna array and a first antenna array, the reference antenna array is any one of the M antenna arrays, and the first antenna array is an antenna array of the M antenna arrays except for the reference antenna array; the conversion module is used for converting the wave path difference determined by the determination module into a phase difference; the generating module is configured to generate the phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference converted by the converting module.
Optionally, with reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, the processing apparatus further includes: the generating module is further configured to generate a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array after the converting module converts the wave path difference into the phase difference; the generating module is further configured to generate a phase-shift matrix table according to the phase-shift value of the reference antenna array and the phase-shift value of the first antenna array; the issuing module is configured to issue the phase shift matrix table generated by the generating module to a phase shifter matrix, so that the phase shifter matrix determines the spatial location of the UE.
Optionally, with reference to the first or second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, the determining module is further configured to determine that a distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the M antenna elements is an equivalent parallel distance before the converting module converts the wave path difference into the phase difference; the conversion module is configured to convert the wave path difference into the phase difference when the determination module determines that the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is equal to the equivalent parallel distance.
Optionally, with reference to the second aspect and any one of the first to third possible implementation manners of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the angle information may include a horizontal dimension angle or a vertical dimension angle.
A third aspect of the present application provides a computer device comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory is configured to store program instructions that, when executed by the computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method of determining a location of a UE as described in the first aspect above or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions, which, when run on a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method for determining a location of a UE of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
A fifth aspect of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of determining a location of a UE of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
A sixth aspect of the present application provides a chip system, which includes a processor, and is configured to enable a computer device to implement the functions recited in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect. In one possible design, the system-on-chip further includes a memory, the memory storing program instructions and data necessary for the computer device. The chip system may be constituted by a chip, or may include a chip and other discrete devices.
For technical effects brought by any one implementation manner of the second aspect, the third aspect, and the fourth aspect, reference may be made to technical effects brought by different implementation manners of the first aspect, and details are not described here.
In the embodiment of the application, the processing device can generate the phase-shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information, so that the phase-shift value in the phase-shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, the spatial position of the UE is determined through the angle information, not only can the analog deviation be reduced, but also the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scenario architecture of an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase shift matrix table;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a processing device in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a processing device in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a processing device in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hardware configuration of a communication apparatus in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a processing device for determining the position of User Equipment (UE), which can reduce analog deviation and meet the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in a laboratory.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the drawings described above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the application can be applied to determining the 3D space position of the user in a laboratory, namely determining the position of the user in the three-dimensional space. In order to accurately determine the 3D spatial position of a user in a laboratory, in the prior art, a variable attenuation matrix testing device is usually used to determine the distance from a UE to a base station, that is, when the base station transmits a narrow beam to the UE, the actual position of the UE in the real world is determined by transforming different measurement distances on the same narrow beam. Due to the mobility of the UE, the UE can move back and forth on the same horizontal dimension wave beam and can also move up and down on different vertical dimension wave beams. Therefore, the existing determination method can only support the situation that the UE determines signals when moving back and forth on the same horizontal dimension wave beam, can not support the situation that different vertical dimension wave beams of the UE move up and down, and can not support the situation that the UE moves left and right on the same horizontal dimension wave beam.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the present application provides a new scheme for determining the 3D spatial position of the user, so as to accurately determine the actual position of the user in the real world in a laboratory, and reduce the simulation deviation.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a scene architecture according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna array and 4 UEs are included, wherein UE _1 and UE _2 are in the same horizontal dimension, and UE _3 and UE _4 are in the vertical dimension. The antenna array can send horizontal-dimension beams to the UE _1 and the UE _2 and send vertical-dimension beams to the UE _3 and the UE _4, and if the actual position of the UE is to be accurately determined, the beam arrival angle AOA is used, wherein the AOA actually refers to the angle when the UE sends a signal to the antenna array and the antenna array receives the signal, so that the deviation condition of the direction angle of the UE when the UE moves back and forth on the same horizontal dimension or moves up and down on different vertical-dimension beams can be obtained through the AOA.
It should be noted that the antenna array includes M antenna elements, and the M antenna elements are sequentially ordered from small to large according to the number, and M is an integer greater than 0. The number of UEs in fig. 1 is only an example, and in practical cases, the number of UEs may be 5, 6 or more, and fig. 1 is not to be construed as a limitation on the number of UEs.
The method for determining the position of the User Equipment (UE) is suitable for determining the actual position of the UE in a three-dimensional space. With reference to fig. 1, a description is given below of a scene schematic diagram of the present application, where please refer to fig. 2, where fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the method for determining the location of the user equipment UE provided in the embodiment of the present application is intended to include:
201. and determining the spacing information of the M antenna elements and the angle information of the N UEs.
In this embodiment, the spacing information is the spacing between any two of the M antenna elements, and the two antenna elements are located at adjacent positions. The angle information refers to an angle used by any UE of the N UEs to send to the M antenna elements, and is usually represented by a beam angle of arrival. The angle information may include an angle in a horizontal dimension or an angle in a vertical dimension, and the pitch information may include a pitch in the horizontal dimension or a pitch in the vertical dimension.
M, N are integers greater than 0.
202. And generating an M x N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information, wherein the phase shift values in the phase shift value matrix are used for indicating the spatial position of the UE.
In this embodiment, because each UE transmits a beam to the M antenna elements, the beam used by each UE has an angle information, and therefore, for any UE of the N UEs, for example, UE _1, when the UE _1 transmits a beam to the M antenna elements, M × 1 angle information is generated, so that, for N UEs at the same time, for example, UE _1, UE _2, and UE _3 … UE _ N, when the UE _1 transmits a beam to the M antenna elements, M × 1 angle information is generated; similarly, when there are two UEs, for example, UE _1 and UE _2 respectively send beams to the M antenna elements, M × 2 angle information is generated, and so on, and when there are N UEs, for example, UE _1, UE _2, and UE _3 …, UE _ N respectively send beams to the M antenna elements, M × N angle information is generated. So, an M × N phase shift value matrix can be generated by combining the distance information and the angle information, and each phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix can be used to indicate the spatial position of the UE, i.e., the UE is located at a specific position in three-dimensional space.
In the embodiment of the application, the phase shift value matrix is generated through the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, so that the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, the spatial position of the UE is determined through the angle information, the simulation deviation can be reduced, and the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
For convenience of understanding, a detailed description is provided below for a specific procedure in the embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a UE in the embodiment of the present application.
301. And determining the spacing information of the M antenna elements and the angle information of the N UEs.
In this embodiment, the spacing information is the spacing between any two of the M antenna elements, and the two antenna elements are located at adjacent positions. The angle information refers to an angle used by any UE of the N UEs to send to the M antenna elements, and is usually represented by a beam angle of arrival. The angle information may include an angle in a horizontal dimension or an angle in a vertical dimension, and the pitch information may include a pitch in the horizontal dimension or a pitch in the vertical dimension.
The above-described beam arrival angle can be actually expressed by using an incident angle α, that is, an included angle between a connection line from the UE location to the antenna array and a cell normal, and the beam arrival angle can be calculated according to the incident angle, so as to determine angle information. The above mentioned spacing information is typically related to the wavelength of the beam, assuming that the wavelength is λ, so the spacing of adjacent antenna elements can be formulated as: spacing d n λ; that is, the horizontal dimension spacing of the antenna elements may be approximately equal to n times relative to the wavelength, so that the spacing information of two adjacent antenna elements can be determined according to the multiple of the wavelength.
M, N are integers greater than 0.
302. And determining the wave path difference according to the distance information and the angle information.
In this embodiment, the wave path is a distance between any UE and each antenna element when the signal reaches the antenna element. It is generally related to the angle of incidence at which the beam reaches the antenna elements, and the spacing between adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path when the signal sent by any UE reaches the reference antenna array and the path when the signal reaches the first antenna array can be calculated first, and then the path difference between any first antenna array and the reference antenna array can be calculated through the three-dimensional angle-phase difference model, and the calculation formula of the path difference can be expressed as: the difference in path is d sin (α).
It should be noted that the reference antenna element mentioned above is any one of the M antenna elements, and the first antenna element is M-1 antenna elements except for the reference antenna element. In this embodiment, for the purpose of simplifying the calculation, the antenna element numbered 1 is usually selected as a reference antenna element in the antenna array, and the element numbered 1 in the horizontal dimension and the element numbered 1 in the vertical dimension in the antenna array are selected, however, the antenna element numbered 1 is only selected as the reference antenna element to be used for a detailed explanation, but the determination of the reference antenna element in the practical application scenario may be determined as the case may be.
It should be further noted that, if there are a horizontal dimension angle and a vertical dimension angle, a horizontal dimension spacing and a vertical dimension spacing, a first wave path difference between the horizontal dimension angle and the horizontal dimension spacing and a second wave path difference between the vertical dimension angle and the vertical dimension spacing need to be calculated respectively, and the first wave path difference and the second wave path difference are summed to obtain a final wave path difference relative to the reference antenna array.
303. And converting the wave path difference into a phase difference.
In this embodiment, the phase difference may be expressed as a distance traveled by the first antenna array within a delay time when receiving the signal, with respect to the reference antenna array among all M antenna arrays. Because the phase of the same signal reaching any two adjacent antenna elements is different due to different distances, the phase difference of any two adjacent antenna elements can be determined by the wave path difference of the signal reaching the two adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path difference can be converted into a phase difference. The conversion formula is specifically as follows:
the phase difference of the signal received by the first antenna array relative to the reference antenna array is: the wave path difference/lambda is 2 pi, wherein pi is radian, so that the phase difference of any two adjacent antenna elements when signals transmitted by N UEs respectively reach the M antenna elements can be calculated by the formula.
To simplify the calculation, the phase information of the reference antenna element is usually set to 0, i.e. the phase in the horizontal dimension is 0 or the phase in the vertical dimension is 0, i.e. the phase shift value of the reference antenna element is 0.
304. And generating a phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference, wherein the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix is used for indicating the space position of the UE.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the phase differences between the N UEs and the M antenna elements, an M × N phase shift value matrix may be directly generated according to the M × N phase differences, and each phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix may be used to indicate a spatial position of the UE, that is, a specific direction of the UE in the three-dimensional space.
In the embodiment of the application, the wave path difference is determined through the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, so that the phase difference is determined, the phase shift value matrix is generated according to the phase difference, the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, the spatial position of the UE is determined through the phase shift value obtained through the phase difference, the simulation deviation can be reduced, and the requirement of a test scene of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
For convenience of understanding, a detailed description is provided below for a specific procedure in the embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 4, and fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a user equipment UE provided in the embodiment of the present application.
401. And determining the spacing information of the M antenna elements and the angle information of the N UEs.
In this embodiment, the spacing information is the spacing between any two of the M antenna elements, and the two antenna elements are located at adjacent positions. The angle information refers to an angle used by any UE of the N UEs to send to the M antenna elements, and is usually represented by a beam angle of arrival. The angle information may include an angle in a horizontal dimension or an angle in a vertical dimension, and the pitch information may include a pitch in the horizontal dimension or a pitch in the vertical dimension.
The above-described beam arrival angle can be actually expressed by using an incident angle α, that is, an included angle between a connection line from the UE location to the antenna array and a cell normal, and the beam arrival angle can be calculated according to the incident angle, so as to determine angle information. The above mentioned spacing information is typically related to the wavelength of the beam, assuming that the wavelength is λ, so the spacing of adjacent antenna elements can be formulated as: spacing d n λ; that is, the horizontal dimension spacing of the antenna elements may be approximately equal to n times relative to the wavelength, so that the spacing information of two adjacent antenna elements can be determined according to the multiple of the wavelength.
M, N are integers greater than 0.
402. And determining the wave path difference according to the distance information and the angle information.
In this embodiment, the wave path is a distance between any UE and each antenna element when the signal reaches the antenna element. It is generally related to the angle of incidence at which the beam reaches the antenna elements, and the spacing between adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path when the signal sent by any UE reaches the reference antenna array and the path when the signal reaches the first antenna array can be calculated first, and then the path difference between any first antenna array and the reference antenna array can be calculated through the three-dimensional angle-phase difference model, and the calculation formula of the path difference can be expressed as: the difference in path is d sin (α).
It should be noted that the reference antenna element mentioned above is any one of the M antenna elements, and the first antenna element is M-1 antenna elements except for the reference antenna element. In this embodiment, for the purpose of simplifying the calculation, the antenna element numbered 1 is usually selected as a reference antenna element in the antenna array, and the element numbered 1 in the horizontal dimension and the element numbered 1 in the vertical dimension in the antenna array are selected, however, the antenna element numbered 1 is only selected as the reference antenna element to be used for a detailed explanation, but the determination of the reference antenna element in the practical application scenario may be determined as the case may be.
It should be further noted that, if there are a horizontal dimension angle and a vertical dimension angle, a horizontal dimension spacing and a vertical dimension spacing, a first wave path difference between the horizontal dimension angle and the horizontal dimension spacing and a second wave path difference between the vertical dimension angle and the vertical dimension spacing need to be calculated respectively, and the first wave path difference and the second wave path difference are summed to obtain a final wave path difference relative to the reference antenna array.
403. And determining the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the M antenna elements as the equivalent parallel distance.
In this embodiment, after the wave path difference is determined, it should be determined that the distance between any two antenna elements is the equivalent parallel distance. That is to say, the horizontal dimension distance between any UE and each antenna element is much greater than the distance between any two antenna elements, and the distance between any two antenna elements can be considered as an equivalent parallel distance, which is helpful to simplify the calculation process in a laboratory and reduce the power consumption in the processing process.
Generally, the distance between any UE and any two antenna elements with the horizontal dimension greater than 100 times of each antenna element may be regarded as an equivalent parallel distance meeting the requirement, but the specific requirement is determined according to the circumstances, and the specific requirement is not limited herein.
404. And when the distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays is determined to be equivalent parallel distance, converting the wave path difference into the phase difference.
In this embodiment, the phase difference may be expressed as a distance traveled by the mth antenna element within a delay time when receiving the signal, with respect to the reference antenna element among all the M antenna elements. That is, the phase of the same signal reaching any two adjacent antenna elements is different due to the difference of the distance between the two adjacent antenna elements, so the phase difference between any two adjacent antenna elements can be determined by the difference of the wave path lengths of the signal reaching the two adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path difference can be converted into a phase difference. The conversion formula is specifically as follows:
the phase difference of the signal received by the mth antenna element relative to the reference antenna element is: the wave path difference/lambda is 2 pi, wherein pi is radian, so that the phase difference of any two adjacent antenna elements when signals transmitted by N UEs respectively reach the M antenna elements can be calculated by the formula.
To simplify the calculation, the phase information of the reference antenna element is usually set to 0, i.e. the phase in the horizontal dimension is 0 or the phase in the vertical dimension is 0, i.e. the phase shift value of the reference antenna element is 0.
When the distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays is equivalent parallel distance, the calculation process can be simplified in a laboratory, and the power consumption in the processing process is reduced, so that the wave path difference can be converted into the phase difference under the condition.
405. And generating a phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference.
In this embodiment, after obtaining the phase differences between the N UEs and the M antenna elements, an M × N phase shift value matrix may be directly generated according to the M × N phase differences, and each phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix may be used to indicate a spatial position of the UE, that is, a specific direction of the UE in the three-dimensional space.
In the embodiment of the application, the wave path difference is determined through the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna arrays, the phase difference is determined when the distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays is determined to be equivalent parallel distance, the phase-shift value matrix is generated according to the phase difference, the phase-shift value in the phase-shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, the calculation process can be simplified, the analog deviation can be reduced, and the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
For convenience of understanding, a detailed description is provided below for a specific procedure in the embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 5, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a method for determining a location of a UE in the embodiment of the present application.
501. And determining the spacing information of the M antenna elements and the angle information of the N UEs.
In this embodiment, the spacing information is the spacing between any two of the M antenna elements, and the two antenna elements are located at adjacent positions. The angle information refers to an angle used by any UE of the N UEs to send to the M antenna elements, and is usually represented by a beam angle of arrival. The angle information may include an angle in a horizontal dimension or an angle in a vertical dimension, and the pitch information may include a pitch in the horizontal dimension or a pitch in the vertical dimension.
The above-described beam arrival angle can be actually expressed by using an incident angle α, that is, an included angle between a connection line from the UE location to the antenna array and a cell normal, and the beam arrival angle can be calculated according to the incident angle, so as to determine angle information. The above mentioned spacing information is typically related to the wavelength of the beam, assuming that the wavelength is λ, so the spacing of adjacent antenna elements can be formulated as: spacing d n λ; that is, the antenna spacing in the horizontal dimension may be approximately equal to n times relative to the wavelength, so that the spacing information of two adjacent antenna elements can be determined according to the multiple of the wavelength.
M, N are integers greater than 0.
502. And determining the wave path difference by using the distance information and the angle information.
In this embodiment, the wave path is a distance between any UE and each antenna element when the signal reaches the antenna element. It is generally related to the angle of incidence at which the beam reaches the antenna elements, and the spacing between adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path when the signal sent by any UE reaches the reference antenna array and the path when the signal reaches the first antenna array can be calculated first, and then the path difference between any first antenna array and the reference antenna array can be calculated through the three-dimensional angle-phase difference model, and the calculation formula of the path difference can be expressed as: the difference in path is d sin (α).
It should be noted that the reference antenna element mentioned above is any one of the M antenna elements, and the first antenna element is M-1 antenna elements except for the reference antenna element. In this embodiment, for the purpose of simplifying the calculation, the antenna element numbered 1 is usually selected as a reference antenna element in the antenna array, and the element numbered 1 in the horizontal dimension and the element numbered 1 in the vertical dimension in the antenna array are selected, however, the antenna element numbered 1 is only selected as the reference antenna element to be used for a detailed explanation, but the determination of the reference antenna element in the practical application scenario may be determined as the case may be.
It should be further noted that, if there are a horizontal dimension angle and a vertical dimension angle, a horizontal dimension spacing and a vertical dimension spacing, a first wave path difference between the horizontal dimension angle and the horizontal dimension spacing and a second wave path difference between the vertical dimension angle and the vertical dimension spacing need to be calculated respectively, and the first wave path difference and the second wave path difference are summed to obtain a final wave path difference relative to the reference antenna array.
503. And converting the wave path difference into a phase difference.
In this embodiment, the phase difference may be expressed as a distance traveled by the first antenna array within a delay time when receiving the signal, with respect to the reference antenna array among all M antenna arrays. Because the phase of the same signal reaching any two adjacent antenna elements is different due to different distances, the phase difference of any two adjacent antenna elements can be determined by the wave path difference of the signal reaching the two adjacent antenna elements. Therefore, the path difference can be converted into a phase difference. The conversion formula is specifically as follows:
the phase difference of the signal received by the first antenna array relative to the reference antenna array is: the wave path difference/lambda is 2 pi, wherein pi is radian, so that the phase difference of any two adjacent antenna elements when signals transmitted by N UEs respectively reach the M antenna elements can be calculated by the formula.
To simplify the calculation, the phase information of the reference antenna element is usually set to 0, i.e. the phase in the horizontal dimension is 0 or the phase in the vertical dimension is 0.
504. And generating a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array.
In this embodiment, the antenna array generally selects the antenna element numbered 1 as the reference antenna element. That is, the number of the horizontal-dimension antenna element in the antenna array is 1, the number of the vertical-dimension antenna element in the antenna array is 1, and in order to simplify the process calculation and the like, the phase information of the reference antenna element is usually set to zero degrees, that is, the phase of the horizontal dimension is 0 or the phase of the vertical dimension is 0, so that the phase difference when the signal transmitted by each UE among the N UEs respectively reaches the reference antenna element is 0, and thus the phase shift value between each UE and the reference antenna element is 0. Therefore, the phase shift value of the first antenna element, that is, the phase shift values of other elements in the antenna array except the reference antenna element, can be generated according to the converted phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna element, and a formula for specifically generating the phase shift value of the first antenna element can be expressed as follows:
deg_i-x＝deg_i-1+2π*([(v-1)*V*sin(β_i)modλ]/λ+2π*[(h-1)*H*sin(α_i)modλ)]/λ
the antenna array comprises a first antenna array, a second antenna array, a base station, a mobile terminal and a mobile terminal, wherein the base station is provided with a base station, the base station is provided with a mobile terminal, and the base station is provided with a mobile terminal base station.
505. And generating a phase-shifting matrix table according to the phase-shifting value of the reference antenna array and the phase-shifting value of the first antenna array.
In this embodiment, since the phase difference between the signals sent by each UE and the reference antenna array is 0 when the signals reach the reference antenna array, the phase shift value between each UE and the reference antenna array is 0; similarly, assuming that the antenna element with number 2 is Ant2, the phase shift value for the Ant2 may be generated by the phase shift value of the reference antenna element and the phase difference when the signals transmitted by the N UEs respectively reach the reference antenna element, Ant2, for example: it is assumed that the phase shift value between UE _2 and Ant2 can be generated by adding the phase difference between the arrival of the signal transmitted by UE _2 at the reference antenna element and the arrival at Ant2 to the phase shift value of UE _2 and the reference antenna element. Therefore, the same method can be adopted for the phase shift values between the other UEs and the first antenna array, so that M × N phase shift values can be obtained, and the M × N phase shift values are arranged in sequence to obtain an M × N phase shift value matrix, so that the M × N phase shift value matrix can generate a corresponding M × N phase shift matrix table.
The above mentioned sequential ordering may mean that the numbers of the antenna elements are ordered from small to large, and is not limited to the description here. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a phase shift matrix table, and the phase shift values for each UE and M antenna elements can be understood with reference to fig. 6.
For Ant1, Ant2, Ant3, etc. in fig. 6, Ant1 refers to the reference antenna element with the element number 1 in the M antenna elements, and Ant2, Ant3, etc. refer to the first antenna elements with the element numbers 2, 3, etc. respectively. As can also be seen from fig. 6, the phase shift values of any UE and the reference antenna element are both 0.
506. And issuing the phase shift matrix table to the phase shifter matrix.
In this embodiment, after the phase shift matrix table is generated, the phase shift matrix table is issued to the phase shifter matrix, so that the phase shifter matrix can clearly and accurately determine the actual position of the UE in the three-dimensional space according to each phase shift value in the phase shift matrix table.
In the embodiment of the application, the wave path difference is determined through the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, so that the phase difference is determined, the phase shift value of the first antenna array is generated according to the phase shift value of the phase difference and the reference antenna array, and is issued to the phase shifter matrix, so that the spatial position of the UE can be truly determined through hardware equipment according to the phase shift value in a laboratory, the spatial position of the UE is determined through the phase shift value obtained through the phase difference, not only can the simulation deviation be reduced, but also the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
The above-mentioned main software implementation point introduces the scheme provided in the embodiment of the present application. It is understood that the processing device includes hardware structures and/or software modules for performing the functions in order to realize the functions. Those of skill in the art will readily appreciate that the various illustrative modules and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as hardware or combinations of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed as hardware or computer software drives hardware depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the embodiment of the present application, the processing apparatus may be divided into the functional modules according to the method example, for example, each functional module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the division of the module is schematic, and is only one logic function division, and there may be another division manner in actual implementation.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a processing apparatus in an embodiment of the present application, where the processing apparatus 70 includes:
a determining module 701, configured to determine spacing information of M antenna arrays and angle information of N UEs, where the spacing information is a spacing between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays, the angle information is an angle when any UE in the N UEs sends a signal to the M antenna arrays, and M, N are integers greater than 0;
a generating module 702, configured to generate an M × N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information determined by the determining module 701, where a phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix is used to indicate a spatial location of the UE.
In the embodiment of the application, the phase shift value matrix is generated by the generating module 702 between the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, so that the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, and therefore the spatial position of the UE is determined through the angle information, which not only can reduce the simulation deviation, but also can meet the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory.
Optionally, on the basis of the embodiment corresponding to fig. 7, please refer to fig. 8, where fig. 8 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a processing apparatus in the embodiment of the present application, and the processing apparatus 70 further includes: the number of the conversion modules 703 is such that,
a determining module 701, configured to determine a path difference according to the distance information and the angle information, where the path difference is a difference between paths when a signal sent by any UE of the N UEs respectively reaches a reference antenna array and a first antenna array, the reference antenna array is any one of the M antenna arrays, and the first antenna array is an antenna array of the M antenna arrays except for the reference antenna array;
a converting module 703, configured to convert the wave path difference determined by the determining module 701 into a phase difference;
a generating module 702, configured to generate the phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference converted by the converting module 703.
In the embodiment of the application, the wave path difference is determined by the determining module 701 according to the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, and is converted into the phase difference through the converting module 703, and then the generating module 702 generates the phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference, so that the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix can be used for indicating the spatial position of the UE in a laboratory, and therefore the spatial position of the UE is determined by the phase shift value obtained through the phase difference, and not only can the simulation deviation be reduced, but also the test scene requirement of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
Optionally, on the basis of the embodiment corresponding to fig. 8, please refer to fig. 9, where fig. 9 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a processing apparatus in the embodiment of the present application, and the processing apparatus 70 further includes: the issuing module 704 is used to issue a command,
a generating module 702, further configured to generate a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array after the transforming module 703 transforms the path difference into a phase difference;
a generating module 702, further configured to generate a phase shift matrix table according to the phase shift value of the reference antenna array and the phase shift value of the first antenna array;
an issuing module 704, configured to issue the phase shift matrix table generated by the generating module 702 to a phase shifter matrix, so that the phase shifter matrix determines the spatial position of the UE.
Optionally, the determining module 701 is further configured to determine, before the converting module 703 converts the wave path difference into the phase difference, that a distance between any two adjacent antenna elements in the M antenna elements is an equivalent parallel distance;
a converting module 703, configured to convert the wave path difference into the phase difference when the determining module 701 determines that the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is the equivalent parallel distance.
In the embodiment of the application, the wave path difference is determined by the determining module 701 according to the angle information of the UE and the distance information of the antenna array, and is converted into the phase difference by the converting module 703, and the phase shift value of the first antenna array is generated by the generating module 702 according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array, and is issued to the phase shifter matrix by the issuing module 704, so that the spatial position of the UE can be truly determined by hardware equipment in a laboratory according to the phase shift value, and therefore, the spatial position of the UE is determined by the phase shift value obtained through the phase difference, and not only can the simulation deviation be reduced, but also the requirement of a test scene of Massive MIMO multi-user multi-stream multiplexing in the laboratory can be met.
The processing apparatus in the embodiment of the present application is described above from the perspective of the modular functional entity, and the processing apparatus in the embodiment of the present application is described below from the perspective of hardware processing. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hardware configuration of a communication apparatus in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the communication apparatus may include:
the communication device includes at least one processor 801, communication lines 807, memory 803, and at least one communication interface 804.
The processor 801 may be a general-purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (server IC), or one or more ICs for controlling the execution of programs in accordance with the present invention.
The communication link 807 may include a path that conveys information between the aforementioned components.
The communication interface 804, using any device such as a transceiver, is used to communicate with other devices or a communication network, such as ethernet, etc.
The memory 803 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that may store static information and instructions, a Random Access Memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that may store information and instructions, which may be separate and coupled to the processor via a communication line 807. The memory may also be integral to the processor.
The memory 803 is used for storing computer-executable instructions for executing the present invention, and is controlled by the processor 801. The processor 801 is configured to execute computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 803, thereby implementing the method for determining the location of the user terminal UE provided by the above-described embodiments of the present application.
Optionally, the computer-executable instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as application program codes, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
In particular implementations, for one embodiment, a communication device may include multiple processors, such as processor 801 and processor 802 in fig. 10. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. A processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).
In one implementation, the communication device may further include an output device 805 and an input device 806, as one embodiment. The output device 805 is in communication with the processor 801 and may display information in a variety of ways. The input device 806 is in communication with the processor 801 and may receive user input in a variety of ways. For example, the input device 806 may be a mouse, a touch screen device, or a sensing device, among others.
The communication device may be a general-purpose device or a dedicated device. In particular implementations, the communication device may be a desktop, laptop, web server, wireless terminal device, embedded device, or a device having a similar structure as in fig. 10. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of the communication device.
In the above embodiments, the implementation may be wholly or partially realized by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the processing apparatus, the unit and the module described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described embodiments of the processing device are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical functional division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of modules or units through some interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. A method for determining a location of a user equipment, UE, comprising:
determining spacing information of M antenna arrays and angle information of N UEs, wherein the spacing information is the spacing between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays, the angle information is the angle when any UE in the N UEs sends signals to the M antenna arrays, and the M, N are integers greater than 0;
and generating an M x N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information, wherein the phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix is used for indicating the space position of the UE.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a matrix of M x N phase shift values from the spacing information and the angle information comprises:
determining a wave path difference according to the distance information and the angle information, wherein the wave path difference is a difference between wave paths when a signal sent by any UE of the N UEs respectively reaches a reference antenna array and a first antenna array, the reference antenna array is any one of the M antenna arrays, and the first antenna array is an antenna array except the reference antenna array in the M antenna arrays;
converting the wave path difference into a phase difference;
and generating the phase-shift value matrix according to the phase difference.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein after converting the path difference into a phase difference, further comprising:
generating a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array;
generating a phase-shifting matrix table according to the phase-shifting value of the reference antenna array and the phase-shifting value of the first antenna array;
and issuing the phase shift matrix table to a phase shifter matrix for the phase shifter matrix to determine the spatial position of the UE.
4. The method of claim 2 or 3, further comprising, prior to said converting said path difference into a phase difference:
determining the distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays to be equivalent parallel distance;
converting the wave path difference into a phase difference, comprising:
and when the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is determined to be the equivalent parallel distance, converting the wave path difference into the phase difference.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the angle information comprises a horizontal dimension angle or a vertical dimension angle.
6. A processing apparatus, comprising:
a determining module, configured to determine spacing information of M antenna arrays and angle information of N UEs, where the spacing information is a spacing between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays, the angle information is an angle when any UE in the N UEs sends a signal to the M antenna arrays, and M, N are integers greater than 0;
a generating module, configured to generate an M × N phase shift value matrix according to the distance information and the angle information determined by the determining module, where a phase shift value in the phase shift value matrix is used to indicate a spatial location of the UE.
7. The processing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the processing apparatus further comprises: a conversion module for converting the received data into a digital signal,
the determining module is configured to determine a path difference according to the distance information and the angle information, where the path difference is a difference between paths when a signal sent by any UE of the N UEs respectively reaches a reference antenna array and a first antenna array, the reference antenna array is any one of the M antenna arrays, and the first antenna array is an antenna array of the M antenna arrays except for the reference antenna array;
the conversion module is used for converting the wave path difference determined by the determination module into a phase difference;
and the generating module is used for generating the phase shift value matrix according to the phase difference converted by the converting module.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the processing device further comprises: a down-sending module,
the generating module is further configured to generate a phase shift value of the first antenna array according to the phase difference and the phase shift value of the reference antenna array after the transforming module transforms the path difference into the phase difference;
the generating module is further configured to generate a phase-shift matrix table according to the phase-shift value of the reference antenna array and the phase-shift value of the first antenna array;
the issuing module is configured to issue the phase shift matrix table generated by the generating module to a phase shifter matrix, so that the phase shifter matrix determines the spatial position of the UE.
9. The processing apparatus according to claim 7 or 8,
the determining module is further configured to determine that a distance between any two adjacent antenna arrays in the M antenna arrays is an equivalent parallel distance before the transforming module transforms the wave path difference into the phase difference;
the conversion module is configured to convert the wave path difference into the phase difference when the determination module determines that the distance between any two adjacent antenna elements is the equivalent parallel distance.
10. The processing apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the angle information includes a horizontal dimension angle or a vertical dimension angle.
11. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises: an input/output (I/O) interface, a processor and a memory,
the memory has stored therein program instructions;
the processor is configured to execute program instructions stored in the memory to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
12. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer device, cause the computer device to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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