CN111817283B - Calculation method for voltage loss of direct-current distribution line - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the voltage loss of a direct-current distribution line, which adopts an iteration method to calculate the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line, and comprises the following steps: from voltage U at the end of the line T Calculating the voltage U at the start of the line S Let the voltage value at the end of the line be U T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculating line start voltage U when DC distribution line has no branch line S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T Wherein U is n Is the rated voltage of the distribution line; when the DC distribution line has a branched line, the branch line end voltage U is recalculated T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Dc distribution line voltage loss Δu=u n ‑U T ，The method is applied to the fire emergency lighting lamp, and the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line is calculated through an iteration method, so that the calculation error is reduced, and the current on the direct-current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp is calculated more accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to building electrical design, in particular to a method for calculating voltage loss of a direct-current distribution line.
Background
The fire emergency lighting and evacuation indicating system for building is one system for providing lighting and evacuation indication for people evacuation and in the place needing work in fire disaster, and the fire emergency lamp is one lamp for providing lighting and indication mark for people evacuation and fire operation and powered with emergency lighting centralized power supply or emergency lighting distribution box.
Along with the start of implementation of national standard fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system technical standard GB51309-2018, most fire emergency lamps are required to be powered by an A-type lamp (namely, DC36V and below are adopted to avoid electric shock when people are evacuated), the operating voltage fluctuation range of the fire emergency lamps regulated in the newly-compiled product standard GB17945 after implementation of GB51309-2018 is +/-20% of the rated operating voltage, the terminal voltage of each distribution line is ensured to be not less than 80% of the rated voltage in design, namely, the input voltage of each lamp connected to the distribution line is not less than 80% of the rated voltage, and if the input voltage exceeds the regulated limit value, the lamps cannot work normally and need to be calculated and regulated.
The common voltage loss calculation method is to calculate the current of the electric equipment and the line by using the rated voltage, and then calculate the voltage loss by using the impedance of the line, so that the calculated current value is in error with the actual value, but in the AC220V/380V low-voltage distribution line, the voltage deviation value on the line is generally controlled within +/-5% of the rated voltage, so that the calculation error is not great. However, the voltage deviation of the direct-current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp can reach +/-20%, and the error of calculating the current by using the rated voltage is too large.
In order to maintain performance indexes such as emergency illumination, surface brightness of emergency lamps and the like, many fire emergency lamps adopt a constant power technology (the output power of the lamps maintains rated power and does not change along with the input voltage), when the input voltage is smaller than the rated voltage, the current of the fire emergency lamps is no longer rated current (current at the rated voltage), but is increased proportionally, and the maximum current can reach 125 percent of the rated current (when the input voltage is 80 percent of the rated voltage). And different voltages are arranged at different positions on the circuit, and the lamps connected to different positions on the circuit should calculate the current according to the input voltage.
In summary, since the current on the dc distribution line of the fire emergency light cannot be calculated by a conventional method, the voltage loss of the line must be calculated by another method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating the voltage loss of a direct-current distribution line for reducing errors.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The method for calculating the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line adopts an iteration method to calculate the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line, and comprises the following steps:
1) From voltage U at the end of the line T Calculating the voltage U at the start of the line S Let the voltage value at the end of the line be U T ；
2) Calculating line start voltage U when DC distribution line has no branch line S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T Wherein U is n Is the rated voltage of the distribution line;
3) When the DC distribution line has a branched line, the branch line end voltage U is recalculated T ；
4) DC distribution line voltage lossΔU＝U n -U T ，
The step 1) specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1 Line voltage U at lamp Ek k ＝U T
Current of lamp Ek
Line current I k ＝I Ek
1.2 Line voltage U at lamp Ek-1 k-1 ＝U k +I k R k
Current of lamp Ek-1
Line current I k-1 ＝I Ek-1 +I k
1.3 Line voltage U at lamp Ek-2 k-2 ＝U k-1 +I k-1 R k-1
Current of lamp Ek-2
Line current I k-2 ＝I Ek-2 +I k-1
1.4 From the end to the beginning of the line, the voltage U of each section of line is calculated in sequence k-3 ～U 2 And current I k-3 ～I 2
1.5 Line voltage U at lamp E1 1 ＝U 2 +I 2 R 2
Current of lamp E1
Line current I 1 ＝I E1 +I 2
1.6 Line start terminal)Voltage U of (2) S ＝U 1 +I 1 R 1 Wherein, the distribution line has k constant power lamps, and the numbers E1 to Ek; rated power of the lamp is P 1 ～P k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Line voltage at the connection position of each lamp, i.e. input voltage of the lamp is U 1 ～U k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current of each lamp is I E1 ～I Ek The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The direct current resistance of each section of line is R 1 ～R k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current on each section of line is I 1 ～I k 。
The initial end voltage of the distribution line is the rated voltage U n Assumed terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is less than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＜U n Assumed terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is greater than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＞U n By adjusting the terminal voltage U T Carrying out iterative calculation on the hypothesized values of (a), wherein m is the iteration number:after iteration, when U T When the error value of (2) meets the requirement, the required calculation result is obtained.
The line start voltage U is calculated S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T The method comprises the following specific steps:
2.1 Inputting initial data: rated voltage U n Power P of each lamp 1 ～P k According to the specification of the circuit, calculating according to the related data in the manual to obtain the direct current resistance R of each section of circuit 1 ～R k Determining the required error value epsilon according to engineering design, and assuming that the line end voltage value is
2.2 According to step 1) the voltage U at the start of the line is calculated S ；
2.3 Substituted into an iterative formula
2.4 Checking whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement:
if the error requirement is met, outputting the calculation result
If the error requirement is not satisfied, inputting the result after iterative adjustmentReturning to step 2.2).
When the DC distribution line has branched line, the line end voltage U T The calculation steps comprise: determining the line of the trunk part as nodes 0-1-2 and the branch line as nodes 1-3;
3.1 Inputting initial data: rated voltage U n The power of each lamp, the DC resistance of each section of line according to the specification of the line and the related data in the manual, and the error value epsilon required by the determination of engineering design assume that the end voltage value of the line is U 2 ；
3.2 According to step 1.1) -step 1.6) to obtain the voltage U of the node 1 1 ；
3.3 In U) 1 For the starting voltage of the branch line, adopting the steps 2.1) -2.4), carrying out iterative calculation on the branch lines of 1-3 to obtain the current I of the branch line 1-2 And terminal voltage U 3 ；
3.4 Calculating the current I after the branch line current is led into the node 1 1 ＝I 1-1 +I 1-2 ；
3.5 Continuing to calculate the voltage of the line starting end node 0 according to the step 1);
3.6 Substituted into an iterative formula
3.7 Checking U) 2 Whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement:
if the error requirement is met, a calculation result U is output 2 And U 3 ；
If the error requirement is not met, inputting the result after iterative adjustment into U 2 Go back to step 3.2)。
If the end voltage of the calculated result is less than 80% of the rated voltage, and exceeds the voltage range in which the lamp can work normally, the voltage loss of the line is judged to exceed the specified limit value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method is applied to the fire emergency lighting lamp, and the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line is calculated through an iteration method, so that the calculation error is reduced, and the current on the direct-current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp is calculated more accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a distribution line of the present invention without branch lines;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the calculated line start voltage U S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T Is a flow chart of (a).
Fig. 3 is a distribution line of the present invention with a branch line.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the accompanying specific examples.
And calculating the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp by adopting an iteration method.
Step 1) voltage U at the end of the line T Calculating the voltage U at the start end of the line S ：
The voltage loss calculation formula of the direct current distribution line:
ΔU＝IR (1)
wherein: deltaU-Voltage loss of line
I-current of line
R-direct current resistance of the line, which can be calculated according to the related data in the manual
The current of the lamp can be calculated according to the current-voltage characteristic of the lamp, and the calculation formula of the constant-power lamp comprises the following formula:
wherein: i E -current of the lamp
P-rated power of lamp
U-input voltage of lamp (i.e. line voltage of lamp access position)
For the distribution line in fig. 1:
k constant-power lamps in the distribution line are numbered E1-Ek
Rated power of the lamp is P 1 ～P k
The line voltage of each lamp access position (namely the input voltage of the lamp) is U 1 ～U k
The current of each lamp is I E1 ～I Ek
The direct current resistance of each section of line is R 1 ～R k
The current on each section of line is I 1 ～I k
Rated voltage of distribution line is U n
From voltage U at the end of the line T Calculating the voltage U at the start of the line S Is calculated by the following steps:
step 1.0: let the voltage value at the end of the line be U T
Step 1.1: line voltage U at lamp Ek k ＝U T
Current of lamp Ek
Line current I k ＝I Ek
Step 1.2: line voltage U at lamp Ek-1 k-1 ＝U k +I k R k
Current of lamp Ek-1
Line current I k-1 ＝I Ek-1 +I k
Step 1.3: line voltage U at lamp Ek-2 k-2 ＝U k-1 +I k-1 R k-1
Current of lamp Ek-2
Line current I k-2 ＝I Ek-2 +I k-1
Step 1.4 to step 1.k-1: sequentially calculating the voltage U of each section of line from the end to the beginning k-3 ～U 2 And current I k-3 ～I 2
Step 1.k: line voltage U at lamp E1 1 ＝U 2 +I 2 R 2
Current of lamp E1
Line current I 1 ＝I E1 +I 2
Step 1.K+1: voltage U at the start of the line S ＝U 1 +I 1 R 1
Step 2) calculating the line start voltage U S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T ：
The starting voltage of the distribution line should be the rated voltage U n However, during the calculation in step 1), U S Based on assumed line-end voltage values U T Calculated to be obviously not equal to U n From the characteristics of the direct current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp, the higher the voltage at the beginning of the line is, the higher the voltage at the end of the line is, and vice versa, so that:
hypothetical terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is less than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＜U n
Hypothetical terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is greater than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＞U n
By adjusting the terminal voltage U T Carrying out iterative calculation on the hypothesized values of (a), wherein an iterative formula (m is the iterative number):
after a certain number of iterations, when U T When the error value of (2) meets the requirement, the required calculation result can be obtained.
For the distribution line in fig. 1, the calculation steps are as follows, and the flow chart is shown in fig. 2:
step 2.1: inputting initial data:
rated voltage U n
Power P of each lamp 1 ～P k
According to the specification of the circuit, calculating according to the related data in the manual to obtain the direct current resistance R of each section of circuit 1 ～R k (calculated from data and methods of 19D702-7, emergency Lighting design and installation, page 21, handbook of Industrial and civil Power distribution design (fourth edition), page 861)
Determining required error value epsilon according to engineering design
Assume that the line end voltage value is
Step 2.2: calculating the voltage U at the line start end according to the method of the step 1) S 。
Step 2.3: substitution into iterative formula
Step 2.4: checking whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement
If the error requirement is met, outputting the calculation result
If the error requirement is not satisfied, inputting the result after iterative adjustmentReturning to step 2.2
Step 3) a method for calculating the terminal voltage of a branched line:
for a branched line as in fig. 3, the calculation steps are as follows:
step 3.0: determining the line of the trunk part as nodes 0-1-2 and the branch line as nodes 1-3
Step 3.1: inputting initial data
Rated voltage U n
Power of each lamp
DC resistance of each section of line
Determining required error values according to engineering design
Let the line end voltage value be U 2 。
Step 3.2: the voltage U of the node 1 is calculated according to the method of the step 1) 1 。
Step 3.3: in U shape 1 For the starting voltage of the branch line, adopting the method of the step 2), carrying out iterative calculation on the branch line of 1-3 to obtain the current I of the branch line 1-2 And terminal voltage U 3 。
Step 3.4: calculating the current I after the branch line current is converged into the node 1 1 ＝I 1-1 +I 1-2
Step 3.5: the voltage at the line start node 0 is continuously calculated as in step 1).
Step 3.6: substitution into iterative formula
Step 3.7: inspection U 2 Whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement
If the error requirement is met, a calculation result U is output 2 And U 3
If the error requirement is not met, inputting the result after iterative adjustment into U 2 Go back to step 3.2
Step 4) calculation of Voltage loss
The end of the direct-current distribution line of the fire emergency lamp can be calculated by the methods from the step 1) to the step 3)Voltage U T The voltage loss of the line is:
ΔU＝U n -U T
if the end voltage of the calculated result is less than 80% of the rated voltage and exceeds the voltage range in which the lamp can work normally, the calculated result is not the actual value of the line, and only the voltage loss of the line can be judged to exceed the specified limit value.
Claims (4)
1. The method for calculating the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line is characterized by adopting an iteration method to calculate the voltage loss of the direct-current distribution line, and comprises the following steps:
1) From voltage U at the end of the line T Calculating the voltage U at the start of the line S Let the voltage value at the end of the line be U T ；
2) Calculating line start voltage U when DC distribution line has no branch line S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T Wherein U is n Is the rated voltage of the distribution line;
3) When the DC distribution line has a branched line, the branch line end voltage U is recalculated T ；
4) Dc distribution line voltage loss Δu=u n -U T ，The step 1) specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1 Line voltage U at lamp Ek k ＝U T
Current of lamp Ek
Line current I k ＝I Ek
1.2 Line voltage U at lamp Ek-1 k-1 ＝U k +I k R k
Current of lamp Ek-1
Line current I k-1 ＝I Ek-1 +I k
1.3 Line voltage U at lamp Ek-2 k-2 ＝U k-1 +I k-1 R k-1
Current of lamp Ek-2
Line current I k-2 ＝I Ek-2 +I k-1
1.4 From the end to the beginning of the line, the voltage U of each section of line is calculated in sequence k-3 ～U 2 And current I k-3 ～I 2
1.5 Line voltage U at lamp E1 1 ＝U 2 +I 2 R 2
Current of lamp E1
Line current I 1 ＝I E1 +I 2
1.6 Voltage U at the start of the line S ＝U 1 +I 1 R 1 Wherein, the distribution line has k constant power lamps, and the numbers E1 to Ek; rated power of the lamp is P 1 ～P k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Line voltage at the connection position of each lamp, i.e. input voltage of the lamp is U 1 ～U k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current of each lamp is I E1 ～I Ek The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The direct current resistance of each section of line is R 1 ～R k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The current on each section of line is I 1 ～I k ；
The line start voltage U is calculated S ＝U n Line end voltage U at the time T The method comprises the following specific steps:
2.1 Inputting initial data: rated voltage U n Power P of each lamp 1 ～P k According to the specification of the circuit, calculating according to the related data in the manual to obtain the direct current resistance R of each section of circuit 1 ～R k Determining the required error value epsilon according to engineering design, and assuming that the line end voltage value is
2.2 According to step 1) the voltage U at the start of the line is calculated S ；
2.3 Substituted into an iterative formula
2.4 Checking whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement:
if the error requirement is met, outputting the calculation result
If the error requirement is not satisfied, inputting the result after iterative adjustmentReturning to step 2.2).
2. The method for calculating voltage loss of DC power distribution line according to claim 1, wherein the starting voltage of the power distribution line is a rated voltage U n Assumed terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is less than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＜U n Assumed terminal voltage value U T When the actual value is greater than the actual value, the result U is calculated S ＞U n By adjusting the terminal voltage U T Carrying out iterative calculation on the hypothesized values of (a), wherein m is the iteration number:through the process ofIterating, when U T When the error value of (2) meets the requirement, the required calculation result is obtained.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the line termination voltage U is when the DC distribution line has a branched line T The calculation steps comprise: determining the line of the trunk part as nodes 0-1-2 and the branch line as nodes 1-3;
3.1 Inputting initial data: rated voltage U n The power of each lamp, the DC resistance of each section of line according to the specification of the line and the related data in the manual, and the error value epsilon required by the determination of engineering design assume that the end voltage value of the line is U 2 ；
3.2 According to step 1.1) -step 1.6) to obtain the voltage U of the node 1 1 ；
3.3 In U) 1 For the starting voltage of the branch line, adopting the steps 2.1) -2.4), carrying out iterative calculation on the branch lines of 1-3 to obtain the current I of the branch line 1-2 And terminal voltage U 3 ；
3.4 Calculating the current I after the branch line current is led into the node 1 1 ＝I 1-1 +I 1-2 ；
3.5 Continuing to calculate the voltage of the line starting end node 0 according to the step 1);
3.6 Substituted into an iterative formula
3.7 Checking U) 2 Whether the difference between two adjacent iteration values meets the error requirement:
if the error requirement is met, a calculation result U is output 2 And U 3 ；
If the error requirement is not met, inputting the result after iterative adjustment into U 2 Returning to step 3.2).
4. A method of calculating the voltage loss of a dc distribution line according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that if the end voltage of the calculation result is less than 80% of the rated voltage, and the voltage loss of the line is determined to have exceeded the specified limit value, in the voltage range in which the lamp can operate normally.
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| CN104158198A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2014-11-19 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Optimization trend control apparatus and method for power distribution network |
| CN107534291A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2018-01-02 | 力博特公司 | Bistable relay is managed to reduce the intelligent power plate of surge current |
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