CN111816016A - Fire simulation system for complex ventilation network - Google Patents
Fire simulation system for complex ventilation network Download PDFInfo
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- CN111816016A CN111816016A CN202010634518.6A CN202010634518A CN111816016A CN 111816016 A CN111816016 A CN 111816016A CN 202010634518 A CN202010634518 A CN 202010634518A CN 111816016 A CN111816016 A CN 111816016A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fire simulation system of a complex ventilation network, which comprises a sub-channel main body, a support frame, a fire source simulation system, a ventilation system and a monitoring system, wherein the sub-channel main body is provided with a plurality of sub-channels; the sub-channel main body is formed by splicing a first sub-channel, a second sub-channel, a third sub-channel, a fourth sub-channel, a fifth sub-channel, a sixth sub-channel and a seventh sub-channel, each sub-channel comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates, the sub-channels are connected through flanges, and an interlayer between the two flanges is sealed by a sealing pad; the method is convenient to research key discrimination standards of series connection, parallel connection, series-parallel connection, up-going and down-going ventilation control, multiple ignition sources and multi-factor smoke flow key characteristics, smoke flow reverse retreat, wind flow reverse and the like, and provides theoretical support for pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster emergency rescue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety science and engineering technology, in particular to a fire simulation system of a complex ventilation network.
Background
In the development process of the society, in order to meet the requirements of human life and production and travel, overground and underground buildings such as markets, office buildings, subways, tunnels, mines and the like gradually present mutually crossed complex network structures. Due to this structural complexity, coupled with the effect of forced ventilation within the network system, in the event of a fire, an immeasurable loss in human life and property safety is incurred. High-temperature smoke flow generated by fire disaster spreads in the building, and when encountering combustible materials, secondary fire disaster is caused to further expand the disaster range; toxic and harmful gas contained in the high-temperature smoke flow can cause the trapped people to be poisoned and suffocated to die; when the wind current on the windward side of the fire source is less than the critical wind speed, smoke flow reverse retreating or side wind path wind current reversing can occur, and then the retreating of trapped people and the safety of the whole ventilation network are influenced. Therefore, the method has important significance for researching key discrimination standards such as fire smoke flow key characteristics, smoke flow reverse receding and wind flow reverse in a complex ventilation network.
The method for developing the fire research of the complex ventilation network mainly comprises numerical simulation and experimental research. The numerical simulation method usually simplifies boundary conditions and material properties in the process of simulation analysis, and in the process of numerical calculation, the forms of selected structure discretization are different, the obtained results and precision are also different, and the reliability is lacked. The experimental study included full-scale experiments and reduced-scale experiments. Full-scale experiments consume a large amount of financial resources and manpower, are not easy to develop, and are difficult to obtain a large amount of data. The small-size experiment satisfying similar proportions is widely applied with the advantages of low cost, repeatable experiment and reliable result.
The small-size fire simulation system in the prior art has certain limitations in structure and function, and cannot simulate the fire scene of a complex ventilation network system.
The experimental system is a single sub-channel and cannot simultaneously research the key characteristics of fire smoke flow, smoke flow reversion and wind flow reversion in the serial, parallel and serial and parallel sub-channels; the position of a ventilator of the experimental system is fixed, so that the flowing condition of fire smoke under the two ventilation control conditions of ascending and descending cannot be simulated simultaneously; the number of fire sources is single, and the fire scene with multiple fire sources is not considered; the experimental system is fixed, and the research on key discrimination standards of fire smoke flow key characteristics, smoke flow reverse receding, wind flow reverse and the like under the multi-factor condition cannot be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire simulation system of a complex ventilation network.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the fire simulation system of the complex ventilation network comprises a sub-channel main body, a support frame, a fire source simulation system, a ventilation system and a monitoring system;
the sub-channel main body is formed by splicing a first sub-channel, a second sub-channel, a third sub-channel, a fourth sub-channel, a fifth sub-channel, a sixth sub-channel and a seventh sub-channel, each sub-channel comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates, the sub-channels are connected through flanges, and an interlayer between the two flanges is sealed by a sealing pad;
the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plate on one side of the fifth sub-channel are made of carbon steel, the side plate on the other side of the fifth sub-channel is made of fireproof glass, the fireproof glass is hermetically embedded into the glass frame, and the top plate, the bottom plate and the two side plates of the rest sub-channels are made of carbon steel.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the complex ventilation network fire simulation system provided by the embodiment of the invention is convenient for researching key discrimination standards of serial connection, parallel connection, serial-parallel connection, uplink and downlink ventilation control, multiple ignition sources, multi-factor smoke flow key characteristics, smoke reverse receding, wind reverse and the like, and provides theoretical support for pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster emergency rescue.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a complex ventilation network fire simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a complex ventilation network fire simulation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a complex ventilation network fire simulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a tee in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
1. the device comprises a first sub-pipeline, a second sub-pipeline, a third sub-pipeline, a fourth sub-pipeline, a fifth sub-pipeline, a sixth sub-pipeline, a seventh sub-pipeline, 8, a first tee joint, a third sub-pipeline, 4, a fourth sub-pipeline, 5, a smoke prevention valve, 12, a temperature sensor, 13, a temperature string sensor, 14, a pressure sensor, 15, an air speed sensor, 16, an oxygen concentration meter, 17, a carbon monoxide concentration meter, 18, a carbon dioxide concentration meter, 19, a variable frequency fan, 20, a support, 21, a cross beam, 22, a first oil pan, 23, a first air supply pipe, 24, a second oil pan, 25, a second air supply pipe, 26, an oil storage tank, 27, a double-layer fireproof thickening smoke discharge hose, 28, a flange, 29, a bending plate, 30 and a back plate.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The invention discloses a complex ventilation network fire simulation system, which has the preferred specific implementation modes that:
the device comprises a sub-channel main body, a support frame, a fire source simulation system, a ventilation system and a monitoring system;
the sub-channel main body is formed by splicing a first sub-channel, a second sub-channel, a third sub-channel, a fourth sub-channel, a fifth sub-channel, a sixth sub-channel and a seventh sub-channel, each sub-channel comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates, the sub-channels are connected through flanges, and an interlayer between the two flanges is sealed by a sealing pad;
the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plate on one side of the fifth sub-channel are made of carbon steel, the side plate on the other side of the fifth sub-channel is made of fireproof glass, the fireproof glass is hermetically embedded into the glass frame, and the top plate, the bottom plate and the two side plates of the rest sub-channels are made of carbon steel.
One end of the first sub-channel is connected with the middle part of the second sub-channel through a three-way pipe by a flange;
two ends of the fourth sub-channel are respectively connected with the middle part of the fifth sub-channel and the middle part of the third sub-channel through a three-way pipe by flanges, so that the fourth sub-channel is parallel to the horizontal plane;
two ends of the second sub-channel are respectively connected with the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel through elbows by flanges;
two ends of the sixth sub-channel are respectively connected with the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel through elbows by flanges;
one end of the seventh sub-channel is connected with the middle part of the sixth sub-channel through a three-way pipe by a flange;
the whole system is inclined upwards by the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel, and the rest sub-channels are kept horizontal to the ground.
A plurality of circular openings are formed in the top plate of the fifth sub-channel along the longitudinal center line direction, and sensors are arranged at the openings;
2 circular openings are formed in the bottom plate of the fifth sub-channel along the longitudinal center line direction, and oil pans are placed at the openings or are sealed by adopting refractory materials;
and a plurality of circular openings are respectively arranged on the top plates of other sub-channels along the direction of the longitudinal central line, and hole plugs or sensors are arranged at the openings.
The support frame is composed of a cross beam and support columns, the used materials are carbon steel, the support frame is installed at the bottom of each sub-channel, the height of each support column of the first sub-channel and the height of each support column of the second sub-channel are 50cm, the height of each support column of the sixth sub-channel is 150cm, and therefore an included angle of 12 degrees is formed between the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel and the ground.
The fire source simulation system comprises an oil storage tank and an air supply pipe, the oil storage tank comprises an oil pump and two oil distribution tanks, and 2 oil discs placed at the opening of the bottom plate of the fifth sub-channel are respectively connected with the two oil distribution tanks of the oil storage tank through the air supply pipe;
the oil level in the oil pan is maintained at a stable height using the principle of the communicating vessel.
The ventilation system comprises a variable frequency fan, a smoke prevention valve and a fireproof smoke exhaust hose, wherein the variable frequency fan is respectively arranged in the first sub-channel and the seventh sub-channel;
the ventilation control mode of going up and down mountains of the system is changed by changing the position of the fan.
The smoke-proof valves are respectively arranged at the three-way pipes of the second sub-channel and the fourth sub-channel and at the intersection of the sixth sub-channel and the seventh sub-channel, and six smoke-proof valves are arranged;
the wind speed of the sub-channel and the series-parallel connection mode of the system are changed by adjusting the switch of the smoke-proof valve.
The monitoring system comprises a temperature testing system, a flow field detecting system, a paperless recorder and an image recording system;
the temperature testing system comprises a temperature string sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature string sensor is arranged in the fifth sub-channel, and the circular openings of other sub-channels are provided with the temperature sensors as required;
the flow field detection system comprises a pressure sensor, an air velocity sensor, a carbon monoxide concentration meter, a carbon dioxide concentration meter and an oxygen concentration meter;
the image recording system is a digital camera and is arranged on one side of the fireproof glass surface of the fifth sub-channel.
According to the fire simulation system of the complex ventilation network, by changing the positions of the smoke-proof valve switch and the variable frequency fan, the air quantity, the number of the fire sources and the power of the fire sources, key judgment standard researches on key characteristics of fire smoke flow, smoke flow reverse receding, wind flow reverse and the like under the multi-factor condition, uplink and downlink ventilation control and multiple ignition sources in series, parallel and series-parallel ventilation systems can be researched respectively. The method is convenient to research key discrimination standards of series connection, parallel connection, series-parallel connection, up-going and down-going ventilation control, multiple ignition sources and multi-factor smoke flow key characteristics, smoke flow reverse retreat, wind flow reverse and the like, and provides theoretical support for pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster emergency rescue.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-3, the invention provides a fire simulation system for a complex ventilation network, which comprises a sub-channel main body, a support frame, a fire source simulation system, a ventilation system and a monitoring system.
The sub-channel main body is formed by connecting a first sub-channel 1, a second sub-channel 2, a third sub-channel 3, a fourth sub-channel 4, a fifth sub-channel 5, a sixth sub-channel 6 and a seventh sub-channel 7 through flanges, and the sub-channel main body is symmetrical by taking the first sub-channel 1 as a symmetrical axis.
The first sub-channel 1 and the second sub-channel 2 are connected by a flange through a three-way pipe 1. The fourth sub-channel 4 and the fifth sub-channel 5, and the fourth sub-channel 4 and the third sub-channel 3 are all formed by flange connection through the three-way pipe 2, so that the fourth sub-channel 4 is parallel to the horizontal plane.
The second sub-channel 1, the third sub-channel 2 and the fifth sub-channel 5, and the sixth sub-channel 6, the third sub-channel 3 and the fifth sub-channel 5 are all formed by flange connection through an elbow 10.
The cross sections of the sub-channel main bodies are all squares of 30 x 30cm, wherein the length of the first sub-channel 1 is 200cm, and the lengths of the second sub-channel 2, the fourth sub-channel 4 and the sixth sub-channel 6 are all 400 cm. The third sub-channel 3 and the fifth sub-channel 5 are both 500cm long. The seventh sub-channel 7 is 300cm long. The materials used for all the sub-channels except the fifth sub-channel are all carbon steel.
The top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate of the fifth sub-channel 5 are made of carbon steel, and the front side plate is formed by hermetically embedding fireproof glass with the thickness of 4mm into a glass frame so as to observe the smoke flow phenomenon after the fire source burns.
And 2 circular openings are formed in the bottom plate main plate of the fifth sub-channel 5 along the direction of the longitudinal central line and used for placing an oil pan, and the oil pan is sealed by adopting a refractory material when not placed. The top plate main board of the fifth sub-channel 5 is provided with 1 circular opening every 50cm along the longitudinal central line direction, and the total number of the openings is 10, so that temperature string sensors can be installed, and the temperature change of the fire source branch in the longitudinal direction and the transverse smoke flow can be measured through the temperature string sensors. And a plurality of circular openings are respectively arranged on the top plate main boards of other sub-channels along the direction of the longitudinal central line and used for mounting each sensor, and hole plugs are arranged on the reserved openings.
The support frame is composed of a support 20 and a cross beam 21. The material used for the bracket 20 and the beam 21 is carbon steel. The support frame is located below each sub-passageway, and the height of the support frame of the first sub-passageway 1 is 50cm, and the height of the support frame of the sixth sub-passageway 6 is 150cm, so that the third sub-passageway 3 and the fifth sub-passageway 5 are inclined by 12 degrees along the horizontal direction.
Referring to fig. 4, the fourth sub-channel 4 and the fifth sub-channel 5 are flanged using a tee 2. The tee pipe 2 consists of a flange 28, a bending plate 29 and a back plate 30. The connection mode can ensure that the fifth sub-channel is level to the ground.
Referring to fig. 1, the fire source simulation system comprises a second oil pan 2, a second air supply pipe 3, a second oil pan 4, a second air supply pipe 5 and an oil storage tank 26. The oil storage tank comprises an oil pump and two oil distributing tanks. The oil pan is connected with two oil distribution tanks in the oil storage tank through an air supply pipe respectively. The oil level in the oil pan is maintained at a stable height using the principle of the communicating vessel. When the oil pan is not placed, the oil pan is sealed by adopting refractory materials
The oil pan two 3 is 117.5cm away from the port of the sub-fifth sub-passage 5, and the oil pan two 4 is 382.5cm away from the port of the sub-fifth sub-passage 5. When only the second oil pan 4 is placed in the fifth sub-passage 5, the discrimination condition of the occurrence of the wind flow reversal in the fourth sub-passage 4 can be studied. When the oil pan II 3 and the oil pan II 4 are placed in the fifth sub-channel 5, the key discrimination standards of fire smoke flow key characteristics, smoke flow reverse and wind flow reverse and the like can be researched under the condition of double fire sources.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the ventilation system is composed of a frequency conversion fan 19, a smoke-proof valve 11 and a double-layer fireproof thickened smoke-discharging hose 27. A double-layer fireproof thickened smoke exhaust hose 27 is arranged at the end part of the seventh sub-channel. The variable frequency fan 19 can be arranged at the end part of the first sub-channel 1 and used for forced air supply to form upward ventilation control; or can be arranged outside the double-layer fireproof thickened smoke exhaust hose 27, and the down ventilation control is formed by forced air supply.
The variable frequency fan 19 is an SE-A250H axial flow variable frequency fan, the maximum air volume is 2000m3/h, stepless frequency conversion and press-in type air supply are adopted, the longitudinal ventilation rate can be changed at will by adjusting the frequency, and further the critical wind speed of fire smoke flow reverse annealing and air flow reverse rotation is researched.
Referring to fig. 1, the smoke-proof valves 11 are respectively installed at the tee of the second sub-channel 2, the fourth sub-channel 4 and the intersection of the sixth sub-channel 6 and the seventh sub-channel 7, and 6 smoke-proof valves are installed in total. The double-shaft baffle air door adopted by the smoke-proof valve 11 has the opening size which can be adjusted at will, and the wind speed and the series-parallel connection mode of the system can be changed by adjusting the opening and closing of the air door.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the monitoring system includes a temperature testing system, a flow field detection system, a paperless recorder, and an image recording system. The temperature testing system comprises a temperature sensor 12, a temperature serial sensor 13, a flow field detection system comprising a pressure sensor 14, an air velocity sensor 15, an oxygen concentration meter 16, a carbon monoxide concentration meter 17, a carbon dioxide sensing concentration meter 18,
The temperature string sensor 13 is arranged on the longitudinal centre line at a distance below the top plate of the fifth sub-channel 5. The arrangement interval of each string of temperature string sensors 13 is 50cm, and 10 strings are arranged in total. The temperature string sensor 13 is composed of 3K-type thermocouple wires of different lengths and a protective sleeve. The thermocouple wires of the temperature string sensors 13 can resist 1000 ℃, wherein the protective sleeves of the two strings of temperature string sensors 13 close to the center of the fire source can resist 2520 ℃ and the protective sleeves of the other temperature string sensors 13 can resist 1000 ℃.
The distances from the top plate to the 3 thermocouple wires of the two strings of temperature string sensors close to the center of the fire source along the longitudinal central line are respectively 6.4cm for L1, 15.4cm for L2 and 24.4cm for L3. The distances from the top plate to the 3 thermocouple wires of the other eight temperature series sensors along the longitudinal central line are respectively L1-9.4 cm, L2-19.4 cm and L3-29.4 cm.
The temperature sensors 12 are respectively arranged on the longitudinal central lines of the first sub-channel 1, the third sub-channel 3, the fourth sub-channel 4 and the seventh sub-channel 7 which are 9cm below the top plate. The temperature sensor 12 is a k-type thermocouple capable of resisting 1000 ℃.
The pressure sensor 14 and the wind speed sensor 15 are uniformly distributed on a longitudinal central line 10cm below a top plate of the sub-channel and used for measuring wind speed and wind pressure in the sub-channel. The arrangement positions of the pressure sensor 14 and the wind speed sensor 15 can be adjusted according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, an oxygen concentration meter 16, a carbon monoxide concentration meter 17 and a carbon dioxide sensing concentration meter 18 are respectively arranged on the longitudinal central lines 10cm below the top plates of the second sub-channel 2 and the sixth sub-channel 6 so as to observe the gas concentration change caused by fire.
The image recording system adopts a digital camera, and the digital camera is placed on the fireproof glass side of the fifth sub-channel 5 and used for recording the smoke gas reverse retreating and smoke gas layer distribution conditions of the fifth sub-channel 5 where the fire source is located. The placing position of the digital camera can be adjusted according to specific research needs.
The foregoing has described in detail the principles of the invention, its essential features, and its advantages. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A fire simulation system of a complex ventilation network is characterized by comprising a sub-channel main body, a support frame, a fire source simulation system, a ventilation system and a monitoring system;
the sub-channel main body is formed by splicing a first sub-channel, a second sub-channel, a third sub-channel, a fourth sub-channel, a fifth sub-channel, a sixth sub-channel and a seventh sub-channel, each sub-channel comprises a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates, the sub-channels are connected through flanges, and an interlayer between the two flanges is sealed by a sealing pad;
the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plate on one side of the fifth sub-channel are made of carbon steel, the side plate on the other side of the fifth sub-channel is made of fireproof glass, the fireproof glass is hermetically embedded into the glass frame, and the top plate, the bottom plate and the two side plates of the rest sub-channels are made of carbon steel.
2. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 1, wherein:
one end of the first sub-channel is connected with the middle part of the second sub-channel through a three-way pipe by a flange;
two ends of the fourth sub-channel are respectively connected with the middle part of the fifth sub-channel and the middle part of the third sub-channel through a three-way pipe by flanges, so that the fourth sub-channel is parallel to the horizontal plane;
two ends of the second sub-channel are respectively connected with the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel through elbows by flanges;
two ends of the sixth sub-channel are respectively connected with the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel through elbows by flanges;
one end of the seventh sub-channel is connected with the middle part of the sixth sub-channel through a three-way pipe by a flange;
the whole system is inclined upwards by the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel, and the rest sub-channels are kept horizontal to the ground.
3. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of circular openings are formed in the top plate of the fifth sub-channel along the longitudinal center line direction, and sensors are arranged at the openings;
2 circular openings are formed in the bottom plate of the fifth sub-channel along the longitudinal center line direction, and oil pans are placed at the openings or are sealed by adopting refractory materials;
and a plurality of circular openings are respectively arranged on the top plates of other sub-channels along the direction of the longitudinal central line, and hole plugs or sensors are arranged at the openings.
4. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 3, wherein the support frame is composed of cross beams and support columns, the material used is carbon steel, the support frame is installed at the bottom of each sub-channel, the height of the support column of the first sub-channel and the height of the support column of the second sub-channel are 50cm, the height of the support column of the sixth sub-channel is 150cm, and therefore the third sub-channel and the fifth sub-channel form an included angle of 12 degrees with the ground.
5. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fire source simulation system comprises an oil storage tank and an air supply pipe, the oil storage tank comprises an oil pump and two oil distribution tanks, and the 2 oil pans placed at the bottom plate openings of the fifth sub-channels are respectively connected with the two oil distribution tanks of the oil storage tank through the air supply pipe;
the oil level in the oil pan is maintained at a stable height using the principle of the communicating vessel.
6. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 5, wherein the ventilation system comprises a variable frequency fan, a smoke prevention valve and a fire prevention and smoke exhaust hose, and the variable frequency fan is respectively arranged in the first sub-channel and the seventh sub-channel;
the ventilation control mode of going up and down mountains of the system is changed by changing the position of the fan.
7. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 6, wherein the smoke prevention valves are respectively arranged at the tee pipes of the second and fourth sub-channels and the intersection of the sixth sub-channel and the seventh sub-channel, and six smoke prevention valves are arranged;
the wind speed of the sub-channel and the series-parallel connection mode of the system are changed by adjusting the switch of the smoke-proof valve.
8. The complex ventilation network fire simulation system of claim 7, wherein the monitoring system comprises a temperature testing system, a flow field detection system, a paperless recorder, and an image recording system;
the temperature testing system comprises a temperature string sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature string sensor is arranged in the fifth sub-channel, and the circular openings of other sub-channels are provided with the temperature sensors as required;
the flow field detection system comprises a pressure sensor, an air velocity sensor, a carbon monoxide concentration meter, a carbon dioxide concentration meter and an oxygen concentration meter;
the image recording system is characterized in that a digital camera is arranged on one side of the fireproof glass surface of the fifth sub-channel.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |