CN111814419B - Lumped capacitance selection design method in lumped parameter circulator for communication - Google Patents
Lumped capacitance selection design method in lumped parameter circulator for communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN111814419B CN111814419B CN202010729159.2A CN202010729159A CN111814419B CN 111814419 B CN111814419 B CN 111814419B CN 202010729159 A CN202010729159 A CN 202010729159A CN 111814419 B CN111814419 B CN 111814419B
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
- G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/38—Circulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lumped capacitor selection design method in a lumped parameter circulator for communication, which comprises the following steps of designing a plastic package shell, wherein the position and the size of a cavity for installing the lumped capacitor are fixed, and the size of the lumped capacitor is determined according to the size of the cavity; selecting a frequency range, simulating the circulator by using HFSS software, and only adjusting the capacitance value of the circulator without changing the fixed size of the lumped capacitor during simulation to obtain the corresponding capacitance value in the optimal matching state; determining the dielectric constant of the lumped capacitor according to the size and the capacitance value of the lumped capacitor; lumped capacitances satisfying the above dimensions, capacitance values, and dielectric constants are fabricated. The invention provides a concept of changing the dielectric constant of the capacitor in the lumped parameter circulator to meet the requirements of constant size and capacitance adjustment, so that the same plastic package shell is suitable for products in different frequency bands, the efficiency of batch production can be effectively improved, and the cost is reduced. And the welding efficiency and the reliability of the device can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of lumped capacitance, in particular to a selection design method of lumped capacitance in a lumped parameter circulator for communication.
Background
At present, the lumped parameter nonreciprocal magnetic device for communication mainly comprises main parts such as a central conductor braided belt assembly, a plastic package shell with a metal bottom plate, a strontium constant magnet, a capacitor, a lower iron bottom plate, an upper iron bottom plate and the like. The center conductor braid assembly in turn includes a center conductor and ferrite. The capacitor is an indispensable part of the device, and the optimal matching state can be achieved by adjusting the size, the size and the structure of the central conductor and the parameters of the ferrite substrate, so that the optimal performance of the device in different frequency bands can be realized. The capacitor is generally fixed in the plastic package housing and is electrically connected by welding.
Because the device is used in civil communication and has higher requirements on cost and batch production reliability, the plastic package shell is generally a plastic and metal combination, the cost is higher, the precision requirement is also high, and in order to meet the requirements, the plastic package shell is usually subjected to mass standardized production by adopting a die opening.
However, the frequency band used for communication is different due to different specific use environments, the lumped capacitance in the current lumped parameter circulator for communication is different in frequency band range covering 300 MHz-3 GHz, and the structures of the internal center conductor, ferrite and the like are also different. In order to match the devices to form good isolation ring performance, the capacitance of the capacitor needs to be adjusted along with the change of frequency. The capacitance of a capacitor is proportional to the area and inversely proportional to the thickness, and the size of the capacitor is typically changed in order to adjust the capacitance of the capacitor. This results in a plastic package housing that is not unified, increases costs and process steps, and is not conducive to development of mass production technology. Meanwhile, under the premise of limiting the thickness space, the capacitance value needs to be further reduced, for example, the capacitance value is only 1pf when the capacitor is used at a high frequency of about 3GHz, and the surface size is about 1mm by about 1 mm. The area is too small, the subsequent welding is very unfavorable, the welding process difficulty is increased, and the reliability of the device is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, so that matching capacitors with different frequency bands can uniformly use the same plastic package shell; and the reasonable size design of capacitor welding is ensured, and the lumped capacitor selection design method in the lumped parameter circulator for communication solves the problems of undersize welding difficulty and the like of the capacitor with small capacitance value.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a lumped capacitor selection design method in a lumped parameter circulator for communication comprises a plastic package shell, a central conductor, ferrite and a lumped capacitor, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing a plastic package shell, reserving a cavity for installing the lumped capacitor in the plastic package shell, wherein the position and the size of the cavity are fixed, and determining the size of the lumped capacitor according to the size of the cavity;
(2) Selecting a frequency range, generating a lumped parameter circulator for communication in the frequency range through simulation in HFSS software, wherein the dimension of the lumped capacitor is fixed during simulation, and only the capacitance value of the lumped capacitor is adjusted to achieve an optimal matching state with a central conductor and ferrite, so as to obtain a corresponding capacitance value in the optimal matching state;
(3) Determining the dielectric constant of the lumped capacitor according to the size and the capacitance value of the lumped capacitor;
(4) Lumped capacitors satisfying the dimensions, capacitance values, and dielectric constants of (1) (2) (3) are processed and mounted in the cavity of (1) awaiting soldering.
As preferable: the size of the lumped capacitor is determined according to the size of the cavity, specifically, the surface area of the lumped capacitor is larger than 1.5mm by 1.5mm, and the lumped capacitor can be in clearance fit with the cavity.
The invention provides a new design idea of capacitor selection, which comprises the steps of determining the size of a capacitor, and then simulating according to the structure of a circulator with a specific frequency band to determine the capacitance value of the circulator. And then calculating the dielectric constant of the capacitor under the condition of determining the size and the capacitance value according to the formula of the dielectric constant. Thereby obtaining parameters of capacitance highly matched to the circulator: size, capacitance, dielectric constant.
Only the capacitor meeting the dielectric constant and the size needs to be ordered or processed, and the obtained capacitor necessarily meets the requirement of the circulator in the design.
Aiming at the circulators with different frequency bands, the circulators with different frequency bands can be obtained by selecting and designing the idea, and the capacitors have the characteristics of identical size and different dielectric constants. When the capacitor is processed, only the dielectric constant needs to be adjusted.
The matched capacitors of the circulators with different frequency bands have the same size, so that the capacitors are suitable for the same plastic package shell, namely the plastic package shell in the step (1) of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention fixes the size of the plastic package shell in the lumped parameter circulator for communication in different frequency bands, so that the lumped parameter circulator for communication in different frequency bands can uniformly use plastic package shells with the same specification, and only one time of die opening is used, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of batch production and reducing the cost.
(2) The invention provides a concept of changing the dielectric constant of a capacitor in a lumped parameter circulator to meet the requirement of constant size and adjusting the capacitor, so that the product of the invention is easier to process. For example, the small capacitance matching capacitor used in the high-frequency lumped parameter circulator can properly increase the surface size, and improves the welding efficiency and the reliability of the device.
(3) The capacitance value can be adjusted by adjusting the dielectric constant of the capacitance material, so that the size of the small-size capacitor can be properly increased, the precision of capacitance parameters is improved, the circuit can be favorably in an optimal matching state, and the optimal performance of the device in different frequency bands is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of the circulator of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the simulation of embodiment 2;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph of performance parameters of a prior art circulator according to example 2;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the S-parameter with optimal port standing wave and isolation calculated by the simulation of the method of the present invention in example 2.
In the figure: 1. an upper iron baseplate; 2. constant magnetic property of strontium; 3. a center conductor; 4. a bonding pad; 5. lumped capacitance; 6. a plastic package shell; 7. a lower iron bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-3, we first provide a structure of a common lumped parameter circulator for communication, and as can be seen from fig. 1, there are an upper iron bottom plate 1, a strontium constant magnet 2, a central conductor 3, a lumped capacitor 5, a plastic package housing 6, and a lower iron bottom plate 7 in sequence from top to bottom, and the central conductor 3 is welded with the lumped capacitor 5 through a bonding pad 4.
In this embodiment, the lumped capacitor 5 is selected to be designed by a method comprising the following steps:
(1) Designing a plastic package shell 6, reserving a cavity for installing the lumped capacitor 5 in the plastic package shell 6, fixing the position and the size of the cavity, and determining the size of the lumped capacitor 5 according to the size of the cavity;
(2) Selecting a frequency range, simulating in HFSS software to generate a lumped parameter circulator for communication under the frequency range, wherein the dimension of the lumped capacitor 5 is fixed during simulation, and only the capacitance value is adjusted to achieve an optimal matching state with the central conductor 3 and ferrite to obtain a corresponding capacitance value in the optimal matching state;
(3) Determining the dielectric constant of the lumped capacitor 5 according to the size and capacitance value of the lumped capacitor 5;
(4) Lumped capacitors 5 satisfying the dimensions, capacitance values, and dielectric constants in (1) (2) (3) are processed and mounted in the cavities in (1) awaiting soldering.
In addition, in this embodiment, the surface area of the lumped capacitor 5 is greater than 1.5mm by 1.5mm, and can be in clearance fit with the cavity.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the size of the plastic package housing 6 and the size of the lumped capacitor 5 are fixed, so that the bonding pad 4 can be better contacted with the lumped capacitor 5. The product is easier to process.
In the lumped parameter circulator for communication in different frequency bands, the same plastic package housing 6 and the lumped capacitor 5 with the same size can be adopted. Because the plastic package shell 6 with the same specification is adopted, the die is only opened once, the batch production efficiency can be effectively improved, and the cost is reduced.
The capacitance of the lumped capacitor 5 is necessarily different for the lumped parameter circulator for communication in different frequency bands, but we only need to change the capacitance of the capacitor by adjusting the dielectric constant of the capacitor, and the size of the capacitor is not changed.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1 to 4, a lumped parameter circulator for communication with an operating frequency band of 1.8 ghz-1.9 ghz is designed based on embodiment 1. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing a plastic package shell 6, reserving a cavity for installing the lumped capacitor 5 in the plastic package shell 6, wherein the size of the cavity is 5mm x 5mm, the position and the size of the cavity are fixed, and the size of the lumped capacitor 5 is determined according to the size of the cavity; the surface area size of the lumped capacitance 5 is 1.7mm 1mm;
(2) Simulating and generating a lumped parameter circulator for communication in the frequency range of 1.8 GHz-1.9 GHz by using HFSS software, wherein during simulation, the size of the lumped capacitor 5 is unchanged, only the capacitance value is adjusted, and the lumped capacitor, the center conductor 3 and the ferrite reach an optimal matching state, so that the capacitance value corresponding to the optimal matching state is obtained; the capacitance values of the three lumped capacitors 5 are 3.52, 4.05 and 3.65pf respectively;
(3) Determining the dielectric constant of the lumped capacitor 5 according to the size and capacitance value of the lumped capacitor 5;
(4) Lumped capacitors 5 satisfying the dimensions, capacitance values, and dielectric constants in (1) (2) (3) are processed and mounted in the cavities in (1) awaiting soldering.
In the prior art, in order to ensure that the capacitor size can meet reliable welding, the dielectric constant of a conventional batch production capacitor is considered on the basis of limiting the size, the capacitance value of the obtained capacitor is limited in precision and capacitance value gradient, and screening is carried out according to the existing capacitor so as to match a circulator circuit, and the obtained performance parameter curve is as 4.
In FIG. 4, taking a standing wave and an isolation curve of a port of a circulator as an example, at this time, a center frequency point of the standing wave curve is about 1.74GHz, and in a frequency band of 1.8 GHz-1.9 GHz, the standing wave is gradually deteriorated along with the increase of frequency, and is deteriorated to about-12 dB at 1.9 GHz.
On the premise of ensuring the reliable welding size of the capacitor, the circulator product obtained by the method in the embodiment 2 guides the capacitor capacitance value to be determined through the forward circuit design, and the capacitor capacitance value is finely adjusted by adjusting the dielectric constant of the capacitor, so that the requirement of the precision circulator on the matching capacitor high precision and fine capacitance value gradient is ensured. The improved scheme makes the circuit design play a larger space, and can design a circulator with more excellent performance, and the improved simulation curve is shown in fig. 5 by taking a port standing wave and isolation curve as an example.
After the comparison technology is improved, the circulator simulation curve can show that the center frequency point of the improved port standing wave S11 falls at 1.84 GHz, belongs to the vicinity of the center frequency point of 1.8 GHz-1.9 GHz, and improves the phenomenon that the frequency shifts to low frequency under the prior art. The standing wave is wholly reduced from-12 dB to-20 dB in the band, and the port standing wave performance is greatly improved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A lumped capacitor selection design method in a lumped parameter circulator for communication, wherein the lumped parameter circulator for communication comprises a plastic package shell, a central conductor, ferrite and a lumped capacitor, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing a plastic package shell, reserving a cavity for installing the lumped capacitor in the plastic package shell, wherein the position and the size of the cavity are fixed, and determining the size of the lumped capacitor according to the size of the cavity;
(2) Selecting a frequency range, generating a lumped parameter circulator for communication in the frequency range through simulation in HFSS software, wherein the dimension of the lumped capacitor is fixed during simulation, and only the capacitance value of the lumped capacitor is adjusted to achieve an optimal matching state with a central conductor and ferrite, so as to obtain a corresponding capacitance value in the optimal matching state;
(3) Determining the dielectric constant of the lumped capacitor according to the size and the capacitance value of the lumped capacitor;
(4) Lumped capacitors satisfying the dimensions, capacitance values, and dielectric constants of (1) (2) (3) are processed and mounted in the cavity of (1) awaiting soldering.
2. The lumped capacitance selective design method in a lumped parameter circulator for communication as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the size of the lumped capacitor is determined according to the size of the cavity, specifically, the surface area of the lumped capacitor is larger than 1.5mm by 1.5mm, and the lumped capacitor can be in clearance fit with the cavity.
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| CN202010729159.2A CN111814419B (en) | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-27 | Lumped capacitance selection design method in lumped parameter circulator for communication |
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| CN113381150B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-10-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第九研究所 | Isolator is with plastic envelope shell and isolator based on electric capacity is parallelly connected |
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| CN102664298A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-09-12 | 成都泰格微波技术股份有限公司 | Strip line nonreciprocal knot assembly for circulator |
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| US9413050B2 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2016-08-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Distributedly modulated capacitors for non-reciprocal components |
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| WO2019010045A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | 3D Glass Solutions, Inc. | 2d and 3d rf lumped element devices for rf system in a package photoactive glass substrates |
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