CN111812597A - Low-correlation-based space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method - Google Patents
Low-correlation-based space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-correlation-based space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method, which designs a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram in microwave staring super-resolution imaging and more effectively suppresses interference. The implementation comprises the following steps: generating an orthogonal random phase sequence based on a genetic search algorithm, establishing a working coordinate system of the phased array antenna for representing the position of an array element, calculating a phased array far field directional pattern function by using the generated orthogonal random phase sequence, and identifying a target and interference of an array element signal by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm. The random initial phase of the array element signal is generated by utilizing a genetic search algorithm, so that the designed directional diagram has better orthogonality and performance, the designed directional diagram has better orthogonality, the target signal and the interference signal are separated at the receiving end of the phased array radar through matched filtering, and the interference of the array element signal can be more effectively inhibited. The method is used for radar signal anti-interference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal processing, particularly relates to a radar directional diagram design, and particularly relates to a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method which is suitable for low-interception electronic reconnaissance in an interference environment.
Background
The phased array antenna is composed of a plurality of antenna units, and each antenna is provided with a phase shifter for changing the phase relation of signals among the antenna units and realizing electronic beam scanning. The directional diagram of the traditional planar phased array radar is in a sinc function shape and is provided with a main lobe and a plurality of auxiliary lobes, and the directional diagram has strong regularity, so that the directional diagram is easy to intercept by an enemy scout.
Currently, radar imaging technologies mainly include optical imaging, real aperture radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar imaging, inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging, correlation imaging, and the like, which have been rapidly developed in recent years, but they also have respective defects: the infrared imaging action distance is short; the imaging of the real-aperture radar cannot obtain a large-aperture antenna meeting high resolution; synthetic aperture radars and inverse synthetic aperture radars are easily threatened by reconnaissance and interference based on coherent processing modes, and can only image by relying on relative motion of the radar and a target; correlation imaging generally needs to utilize pseudo-thermo-light to participate in an imaging process, meanwhile, pseudo-thermo-light is required to have random fluctuation characteristics of time and space, and a novel microwave staring imaging method based on a space-time random radiation field proposes that the space-time random radiation field is used for replacing the pseudo-thermo-light.
The radiation field formed by any point in the wave beam range of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is the incoherent vector superposition of fields generated by all transmitting array elements, and the directional diagram of the whole phased array antenna presents a form of two-dimensional random fluctuation in space and time. Aiming at a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram design method, the existing researches mainly comprise:
wangjingu et al published 2017, "method analysis for constructing radar-associated imaging random radiation field", proposed a random directional diagram construction method based on random frequency hopping pulse signals, and the method had too large frequency hopping bandwidth and low practicability.
A space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram design method for a subarray level random initial phase is proposed based on a planar phased array subarray division model, which is published in 2015 in 'a plurality of new systems and new method researches for improving radar imaging quality', and the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram generated by the method is high in correlation and poor in low interception performance.
Some methods in the research put forward extremely strict requirements on the frequency hopping bandwidth of the radar system; some methods have too high a correlation of random patterns. In summary, there is no ideal method for designing a space-time two-dimensional random pattern with low correlation in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the design and optimization problems of a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram in the radar super-resolution imaging problem, the invention provides a low-correlation-based space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method with better anti-interference performance based on a two-dimensional planar phased array radar system.
The invention discloses a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) generating an orthogonal random phase sequence based on a genetic algorithm: carrying out genetic operation on the selected parameter set and the initial population by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a series of phase coding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness, namely optimized orthogonal random phase coding sequences, and arranging a plurality of array elements for radiating random phase signals, namely applying independent and random phases among the array elements to ensure that a directional diagram formed by the array elements at any point in a space beam range is the incoherent superposition of all array element signals, thereby forming a phased array far-field directional diagram with randomly distributed energy in space;
(2) establishing a working coordinate system of the phased array antenna with a two-dimensional rectangular grid: establishing an antenna working coordinate system XOY, wherein a two-dimensional planar phased array is provided with M multiplied by N array elements, the size of each sub-array is K multiplied by L, Q is the M multiplied by K array elements in the X direction, I is the N multiplied by L array elements in the Y direction, and each array element is marked by (Q, I), wherein Q is an X-axis direction mark number, and I is a Y-axis direction mark number;
(3) and expressing the position of the array element according to the established working coordinate system of the antenna: let the reference array element (0,0) be at point O, the position vector of any point P in space is r, the azimuth angle of the point relative to the antenna reference point is theta and the pitch angle is beta, and the array element spacing in X direction and Y direction are dxAnd dyAnd the (q, i) th array element position is r(q,i)＝qdxx+idyY, wherein X and Y are unit vectors in X and Y directions, respectively;
(4) calculating a function of a phased array far field pattern with respect to azimuth angle theta, pitch angle beta and time t by using an orthogonal coding sequence generated by a genetic algorithm: establishing a phased array far field directional diagram based on the antenna working coordinate system constructed in the step (2), wherein the phased array far field directional diagram is a random directional diagram, and the initial phase of each array element of the phased array far field directional diagram
Selected from orthogonal random phase code sequences, and initial phase
The method comprises the steps that a function about time t is obtained, the amplitude weight value a (q, i) of each array element of a phased array far-field directional diagram is set to be 1 in a unified mode, the directional diagram function of the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is calculated by using an initial phase and the amplitude weight value, and the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is shown as a function about the azimuth angle theta, the pitch angle beta and the time t of an array element signal; the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram function comprises target and interference information and slice data of the distance of the target and the interference information;
(5) and (3) identifying the target and the interference of the array element signal by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm: the random directional diagram changes along with time among each pulse, and by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm in compressed sensing, distance slice data of a target and an interference are extracted from a phased array far-field radiation directional diagram function respectively, matched filtering and two-dimensional sparse reconstruction operations are carried out, a target signal and an interference signal are recovered respectively, the target and the interference are identified according to the priori knowledge that the interference amplitude is larger than the target amplitude, the interference suppression of a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is completed, and the interference is effectively suppressed.
The invention optimizes the design of a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram in microwave staring super-resolution imaging so as to effectively inhibit the interference of array element signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical advantages that:
the directional diagram has better orthogonality: the random initial phase of the array element signal is generated by utilizing a genetic search algorithm, so that the designed directional diagram has better orthogonality and performance;
the space-time two-dimensional randomness difference requirement of a directional diagram is met: according to the invention, a plurality of array elements for radiating random signals are arranged, namely independent and random phases are applied among the array elements, and a radiation field formed by any point of the array elements in a space beam range is the incoherent superposition of all signals, so that a radiation field distributed randomly in space is formed, and the space-time two-dimensional randomness difference required by a direction diagram in an antenna beam range is satisfied;
the directional diagram suppresses the interference more effectively: the directional diagram designed by the invention has better orthogonality, and target signals and interference signals are easily separated at the receiving end of the phased array radar through matched filtering, so that the interference of array element signals can be more effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a genetic search algorithm implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional rectangular phased array element arrangement;
fig. 4 is graphs of auto-correlation and cross-correlation of three four-phase code sequences in embodiment 7 of the present invention, wherein fig. 4(a) (b) (c) are graphs of auto-correlation of three four-phase code sequences, and fig. 4(d) (e) (f) are graphs of cross-correlation of three four-phase code sequences;
fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the autocorrelation and cross-correlation curves of three four-phase code sequences of the present invention, wherein fig. 5(a) (b) (c) corresponds to fig. 4(a) (b) (c) and fig. 5(d) (e) (f) corresponds to fig. 4(d) (e) (c) and the cross-correlation curves of three four-phase code sequences are partially enlarged;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the directional diagram of the 1 st PRT and its corresponding top view in the simulation of embodiment 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a 7 th PRT pattern and its corresponding top view in a simulation of example 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of cross-correlation analysis among 10 patterns obtained from simulation in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 9 is a cross-correlation analysis diagram among 10 reference directional diagrams obtained by a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram design method based on a subarray-level random initial phase.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Recently, a novel microwave staring imaging method based on a space-time random radiation field is provided, a space-time random radiation directional diagram is used for replacing pseudo-thermal light, so that the directional diagram of the whole phased array antenna presents a two-dimensional random fluctuation form in space and time, the radar can be static relative to a target, the detection requirement of real-time staring imaging is met, a high-resolution image breaking through the limitation of the aperture of the antenna can be obtained, and staring imaging can be realized without moving relative to the target. The effect of the design method of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram provided by the novel microwave staring imaging method on interference suppression needs to be optimized. Therefore, the invention provides a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method based on a two-dimensional planar phased array radar system, aiming at the problem of design optimization of a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram in microwave staring super-resolution imaging.
The invention discloses a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method, and referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the invention, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating an orthogonal random phase sequence based on a genetic algorithm: carrying out genetic operation on the selected parameter set and the initial population by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a series of phase coding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness, namely optimized orthogonal random phase coding sequences, and arranging a plurality of array elements for radiating random phase signals, namely applying independent and random phases among the array elements to ensure that a directional diagram formed by the array elements at any point in a space beam range is the incoherent superposition of all array element signals, thereby forming a phased array far-field directional diagram with randomly distributed energy in space; and after the array element signals radiated in the directional diagram interact with the target, radar echoes are obtained, and the radar echo beams contain the target and interference information.
(2) Establishing a working coordinate system of the phased array antenna with a two-dimensional rectangular grid: establishing an antenna working coordinate system XOY, referring to fig. 3, where fig. 3 is a two-dimensional rectangular phased array unit arrangement, a two-dimensional planar phased array has M × N array elements, the size of each sub-array is K × L, Q ═ M × K array elements are total in the X direction, I ═ N × L array elements are total in the Y direction, and each array element is marked with (Q, I), where Q is an X-axis direction index, and I is a Y-axis direction index.
(3) And expressing the position of the array element according to the established working coordinate system of the antenna: let the reference array element (0,0) be at point O, the position vector of any point P in space is r, the azimuth angle of the point relative to the antenna reference point is theta, the pitch angle is beta, and the array element spacing in X direction and Y direction are dxAnd dyAnd the (q, i) th array element position is r(q,i)＝qdxx+idyY, where X and Y are the X and Y direction unit vectors, respectively.
(4) Calculating a function of a phased array far field pattern with respect to azimuth angle theta, pitch angle beta and time t by using an orthogonal coding sequence generated by a genetic algorithm: establishing a phased array far field directional diagram based on the antenna working coordinate system constructed in the step (2), wherein the phased array far field directional diagram is a random directional diagram, and the phase of each array element of the phased array far field directional diagram
The random phase shift additionally superposed in the step (1) is selected from the orthogonal random phase coding sequence optimized by the genetic algorithm, and the phase of the array element signal
Is a function of time t, and additionally uniformly sets a phased array far field directional diagramThe amplitude weight of each array element is a (q, i) ═ 1, a directional diagram function of a phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is calculated by using the initial phase and the amplitude weight according to the definition of an array antenna directional diagram, and the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is shown as a function of an azimuth angle theta, a pitch angle beta and time t related to the array element signals; after array element signals radiated in a phased array far-field radiation directional diagram interact with a target, radar echo beams are obtained, and the radar echo beams contain the target, interference information and range slice data.
(5) And (3) identifying the target and the interference of the array element signal by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm: the random directional diagram changes along with time among each pulse, and by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm in compressed sensing, distance slice data of a target and an interference are respectively extracted from radar echo beams, matched filtering and two-dimensional sparse reconstruction operation are carried out, a target signal and an interference signal are respectively recovered, the target and the interference are identified according to the priori knowledge that the interference amplitude is larger than the target amplitude, the interference suppression of a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is completed, and the interference is effectively suppressed.
The invention provides an overall technical scheme of a low-relevance space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method based on a two-dimensional planar phased array radar system, aiming at the design and optimization problems of space-time two-dimensional random directional diagrams in the microwave staring super-resolution imaging problem.
The idea of the invention is as follows: the random initial phase is obtained by carrying out genetic operation on the selected parameter set and the initial population by utilizing a genetic algorithm, namely the initial phase of each array element of a phased array far-field pattern; the method comprises the steps of constructing a phased array antenna coordinate system, calculating a phased array far field directional diagram function, and identifying targets and interferences of array element signals by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm, so that the interference of the array element signals in a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is effectively suppressed. The random phase of the array element signal is generated by using a genetic algorithm, so that the designed radiation field has better orthogonality, and the interference in the array element signal can be effectively inhibited.
Example 2
Similar to embodiment 1, the method for suppressing interference in a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram according to the present invention generates an orthogonal random phase encoding sequence based on a genetic algorithm in step (1), and specifically includes the following steps, referring to fig. 2:
(1.a) assuming that the array radar has M multiplied by N array elements, each array element transmits a four-phase coded signal, the coding length is L, the selected parameter sets are respectively 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2, and the selected parameter sets are coded by binary coding, wherein 00, 01, 10 and 11 respectively represent 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2.
And setting the iteration times. The iteration times of the genetic algorithm mainly consider the processing precision and the calculated amount, the iteration times are in order to meet the requirements on the processing precision and the calculated amount, and the preset value of the iteration times of the genetic algorithm is 100 times in the embodiment.
The binary coding adopted by the invention is simple and easy to implement, accords with the minimum character set coding principle, and is the basis of the pattern theorem, so the binary coding is selected by the invention.
(1.b) selecting an initial population with the size of S. S refers to the number of selected populations, the selection scale of the initial population mainly takes the precision and the calculated amount of the genetic algorithm into consideration, and the selected population scale is within the range of the precision and the calculated amount required by data processing and can be adjusted according to the condition. In this example, in order to meet the required accuracy and calculation amount, the population size S is therefore 200.
(1.c) fitness calculation: and (3) evaluating an initial population (also called an initialization population or a new generation population) by using fitness to represent the standard of the quality of the individual.
(1.d) genetic manipulation: and (3) carrying out genetic operation on the initial population, wherein the genetic operation comprises selection, crossing and compiling, and when the selection operation is executed, adopting a principle of high-out and low-out, and reserving individuals with high fitness to be inherited to the next generation. However, to prevent premature algorithm, the genes that constrain all individuals during the selection process (genes refer to characteristics of the individual, such as initial phase information) are at least 1% different. Crossover operations are the random exchange of certain genes by two individuals in a population according to crossover probabilities, resulting in new combinations of genes, with the expectation that useful genes will be grouped together (using a single point crossover operator). The variation is an algorithm of changing some gene values of individual strings in a group, such as real value variation, binary variation and the like. The crossover is used as a main operator in genetic algorithm due to the global search capability, and the mutation is used as an auxiliary operator due to the local search capability. Generating a new generation group through the processes of selection, crossing and variation, then turning to the step (1.c) to calculate the fitness of the generated new generation group, wherein the fitness calculation of the initial group, namely the evaluation result, enters the step (1.d), carrying out genetic operation again, and if the optimal individual fitness in the new generation group meets the requirement or the iteration times reach a preset value, terminating the algorithm. After the iteration is finished, a series of phase encoding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness can be obtained.
The genetic algorithm adopted by the invention is a randomized search algorithm by using natural selection and natural genetic mechanism in the biology world as a reference, and is a group search strategy and information exchange between individuals in a group, and the search does not depend on gradient information. It is especially suitable for processing the complex and nonlinear problems which are difficult to solve by the traditional search method, and has application in numerous fields at present. The invention can effectively generate the random phase coding sequence by utilizing the genetic search algorithm.
Example 3
The interference suppression method of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is the same as that in the embodiment 1-2, and the diagram of the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram in the step (4) is shown as a function of an azimuth angle theta, a pitch angle beta and time t:
due to the fact that
The signals of each array element are not coherently synthesized in space any more, and a remote area radiation directional diagram F (theta, beta, t) of the whole phased array antenna is in a random fluctuation form.
The phased array far field radiation pattern function is obtained on the basis of the definition of the array antenna pattern, wherein k0＝2π/λ is the free-space wavenumber, λ is the operating wavelength,
is a function of the phase of the individual array element signals over time,
the random phase shift in (a) is calculated according to a genetic search algorithm. The phased array far field radiation directional diagram function describes an antenna directional diagram formed by summing the spatial phase difference of each array element in a phased array radar antenna coordinate system relative to a reference array element (0,0), and each array element in the antenna directional diagram radiates radar array element signals to the space. According to the invention, independent and random phases are applied among radiated radar array element signals, so that a radiation field formed by the array element signals at any point in a space beam range is the incoherent superposition of all signals, thereby forming a radiation field with good space orthogonality, and ensuring the anti-interference performance from the angle of the radiation field.
Example 4
As in embodiments 1-3, when the array element signal radiated by the phased array far-field pattern with random fluctuation characteristics in the time and space dimensions, which is constructed in step (4), interacts with the target, the target information in the beam can be acquired, and super resolution in the beam can be realized by combining with a signal processing algorithm.
According to the method, the result of interaction between an array element signal radiated by a random directional diagram and a target is a radar echo, the radar echo comprises target information and interference information, and the target signal and the interference signal are separated by using a matched filtering algorithm to obtain the target information. The invention realizes the super resolution in the wave beam by utilizing a signal processing algorithm, namely a two-dimensional sparse reconstruction algorithm in a compressive sensing theory. The sparse reconstruction algorithm requires that the dictionary matrix has better orthogonality, the better the orthogonality of the dictionary matrix is, and the more accurate the sparse recovery is.
Example 5
The interference suppression method of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is the same as that in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the step (4)Initial phase of each array element of phased array far-field radiation pattern
Is random, and
is a function of time such that the initial phases additionally applied to the different elements are orthogonal and random within the same pulse repetition period. The initial phase of the same array element is orthogonal and random between different PRTs, that is, the initial phase of the same array element is also changed between different PRTs.
The array element signals in the random directional diagram designed by the invention have good orthogonality, so that the effect of separating target signals and interference signals at a receiving end through matched filtering is improved, and interference suppression is facilitated.
A more detailed example is given below to further illustrate the invention
Example 6
The interference suppression method for the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is similar to that in the embodiments 1 to 5, and a series of phase coding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness are firstly calculated by referring to the operation flow diagram of the genetic search algorithm in fig. 2. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) generating orthogonal random phases based on a genetic algorithm:
(1a) and determining a parameter set of an actual problem, and coding the selected parameter set by adopting binary coding.
(1b) And initializing the population, namely selecting the initial population size.
(1c) Evaluating the selected initialized population (initialized population or new generation population), and using fitness to represent the standard of individual quality.
(1d) Judging whether a stopping rule is met and carrying out genetic operation: and if the optimal individual fitness meets the requirement or the iteration times reach a preset algebra, terminating the algorithm. Otherwise, continuing genetic manipulation, wherein the genetic manipulation comprises selection, crossing and compiling, generating a new generation population, and then turning to the step (1c) to evaluate the generated new generation population. After the iteration is finished, a series of phase encoding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness can be obtained.
The parameters of the specific embodiment are set as follows:
assuming that the array radar has 16 × 16 array elements, each array element transmits four-phase coded signals, the code length is 256, the four selected phases are 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2, respectively, and the binary codes thereof are 00, 01, 10 and 11, respectively. The initial population scale of the genetic algorithm is 100, the mutation probability is 0.05, the cross probability is 0.9, and the iteration times are 200. The parameters used for evaluation were taken as the maximum of the 20 bin sidelobes that auto-and cross-correlate the neighboring main lobe.
(2) Constructing antenna patterns with random fluctuation characteristics in time and space dimensions
(2a) Establishing a working coordinate system of a phased array antenna with a two-dimensional rectangular grid
An antenna working coordinate system XOY is established, a two-dimensional planar phased array is provided with M multiplied by N array elements, the size of each sub-array is K multiplied by L, Q is the M multiplied by K array elements in the X direction, I is the N multiplied by L array elements in the Y direction, and each array element is marked by (Q, I), wherein Q and I are respectively marked in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction. And has:
a two-dimensional rectangular phased array element coordinate system is established as shown in figure 3.
(2b) The (q, i) th array element position is expressed according to the established antenna working coordinate system
Let the reference array element (0,0) be at point O, the position vector of any point P in space be r, see fig. 3, the azimuth angle of the point relative to the antenna reference point is θ, the pitch angle is β, and the array element spacing in the X-direction and the Y-direction are dxAnd dyAnd the (q, i) th array element position is r(q,i)＝qdxx+idyY, where X and Y are the X and Y direction unit vectors, respectively.
(2c) Calculating a function of a phased array far field pattern with respect to azimuth angle theta, pitch angle beta and time t
Let the amplitude weighted value and phase shift value of the (q, i) th array element be a (q, i) and
and (3) uniformly setting the amplitude weight value of each unit as a (q, i) ═ 1, and selecting the amplitude weight value from the orthogonal random phase sequence optimized by the genetic algorithm in the step (1 b).
The phased array far field radiation pattern may be expressed as a function of azimuth angle θ, β and time t:
wherein q and i are respectively X-axis and Y-axis direction labels; k is a radical of02 pi/λ is the free space wavenumber, λ is the operating wavelength; theta is the azimuth angle of the antenna array element signal, and beta is the pitch angle of the antenna array element signal; theta0For antenna reference to azimuth angle, beta, of array element signal0The pitch angle of the antenna reference array element signal is obtained;
is a function of the phase of each array element signal over time; dxAnd dyThe array element spacing in the X direction and the Y direction are respectively.
(2d) Identification of targets and interference within radar echo beams in conjunction with sparse reconstruction algorithms
Because the random directional diagram changes with time among each pulse, and the sparse reconstruction algorithm in compressed sensing is combined, the range slice data of the target and the interference are respectively extracted from the radar echo wave beam, matched filtering and two-dimensional sparse reconstruction operation are carried out, the target signal and the interference signal are respectively recovered, the target and the interference are identified according to the priori knowledge that the interference amplitude is larger than the target amplitude, and the effective inhibition of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram on the interference is completed.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by the following simulation experiments:
example 7
The interference suppression method of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is the same as the embodiments 1-6,
simulation conditions are as follows:
assuming that the array radar has 16 × 16 array elements, each array element transmits four-phase coded signals, the code length is 256, the four selected phases are 0, pi/2, pi, 3 pi/2, respectively, and the binary codes thereof are 00, 01, 10 and 11, respectively.
Simulation content:
Simulation result and analysis:
table 1 shows the phase sequences obtained by the optimization of the genetic search algorithm of the present invention (only the phase sequences of 3 sets of signals are listed here), wherein 0,1,2 and 3 represent 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2, respectively.
TABLE 1 optimized orthogonal random phase sequences
Where {0,1,2,3} in the phase terms corresponds to 0, π/2, π,3 π/2, respectively.
The autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of the sequences 1,2 and 3 shown in table 1 are calculated, wherein the autocorrelation function curves of the sequences 1,2 and 3 in table 1 are shown in fig. 4(a), 4(b) and 4(c), the curves in the graph have central normalized autocorrelation pulse peak values, the cross-correlation curves between the sequences 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 2 and 3 are shown in fig. 4(d), 4(e) and 4(f), and the curves in the graph are all basically smooth, so that the phase coding sequence obtained in the invention has good orthogonality.
An enlarged view of a portion of the sequence auto-and cross-correlation function curves from the simulation experiment is shown in fig. 5. Fig. 5(a) (b) (c) corresponds to a partially enlarged view of fig. 4(a) (b) (c) with the autocorrelation curves of the three four-phase code sequences in the central position, and fig. 5(d) (e) (f) corresponds to a partially enlarged view of fig. 4(d) (e) (c) with the cross-correlation curves of the three four-phase code sequences in the central position. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the sequence maximum autocorrelation side lobe level and the maximum cross-correlation peak value electric average are optimized to be about-20 dB, and the signal has good orthogonality and working stability.
Example 8
The interference suppression method of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is the same as that of the embodiments 1 to 6, the simulation conditions are the same as that of the embodiment 7,
simulation content:
the method is used for verifying the orthogonal characteristic of the random radiation pattern designed by the invention, measuring the performance of the random radiation field by using the matrix cross-correlation definition in the compressive sensing theory for reference, and comparing the difference with the prior method.
The simulation is based on a two-dimensional planar phased array, and the basic parametric information for the invention used is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 simulation parameters of the space-time two-dimensional random radiation field of the present invention
| Parameter(s) | Value taking |
| Code length | 256 |
| Number of array elements | 16×16 |
| Number of random phases | 256 |
| Number of pulse repetition Periods (PRT) | 10 |
| Number of |
10 |
| |
100 |
| Probability of crossing | 0.9 |
| Probability of variation | 0.05 |
| Number of |
200 |
Simulation result and analysis:
this simulation resulted in a total of 10 random radiation patterns (1 random radiation pattern per PRT, 10 PRTs total). Fig. 6(a) shows a three-dimensional view of the 1 st pattern, fig. 6(b) shows a three-dimensional view top view of the 1 st pattern, fig. 7(a) shows a three-dimensional view of the 7 th pattern, and fig. 7(b) shows a three-dimensional view top view of the 7 th pattern. It can be seen from both fig. 6 and 7 that the field amplitude within the beam main lobe of the pattern exhibits random fluctuation characteristics, rather than the sinc function-like form of the conventional beam. The random fluctuation characteristic of the invention provides necessary conditions for realizing spatial resolution exceeding the aperture of the antenna.
In practical applications, it is desirable that the correlation between the patterns is as small as possible. For example, in three-dimensional gaze imaging based on compressed sensing, in order to sparsely restore original signals, it is desirable that the dictionary matrix has better orthogonality, and the better the orthogonality of the dictionary matrix, the more accurate the sparse restoration. In addition, in the aspect of interference resistance, the better the orthogonality between the directional diagrams, the easier the separation of a target signal and an interference signal is performed at a receiving end through matched filtering, and the better the interference suppression is.
In the experiment in the technical field, a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram generation method is generally used for generating a random directional diagram, and the generated directional diagram is used for carrying out cross-correlation result analysis.
In the embodiment, the random directional diagram is generated based on the time-space two-dimensional random directional diagram generation method. In the experiment, a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram design method based on a subarray level random initial phase generates a corresponding random directional diagram by a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram generation method.
In the simulation of the embodiment, 10 random radiation patterns are generated by a space-time two-dimensional random pattern generation method, the 5 th pattern is used as a reference and is subjected to cross-correlation operation with other 9 patterns, the cross-correlation analysis result among the 10 random radiation patterns is shown in fig. 8, the abscissa of fig. 8 is the row of a pattern matrix, and the ordinate is a correlation coefficient, so that the correlation between the 5 th pattern and the 2 nd pattern generated by the method is best, namely 0.01823, as can be seen from fig. 8. In order to verify that the interference suppression method of the low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram can better suppress the interference, and compared with 10 reference directional diagrams obtained by the design method of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram based on the subarray level random initial phase, different from the traditional phased array directional diagram, the directional diagram also has the characteristic of random fluctuation in space, 10 random directional diagrams obtained by the design method of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram based on the subarray level random initial phase are selected as reference for the 5 th directional diagram to perform cross-correlation operation with other 9 directional diagrams, the cross-correlation analysis result among the 10 directional diagrams is shown in figure 9, the abscissa of figure 9 is also the row of the directional diagram matrix, the ordinate is also the correlation coefficient, and as can be seen from figure 9, the correlation between the 5 th directional diagram and the 3 rd directional diagram obtained by the design method of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram based on the subarray level random initial phase is the minimum, 0.074284, by comparing fig. 8 and fig. 9, the minimum correlation coefficient obtained by the present invention is 0.01823, and the minimum correlation coefficient obtained by the space-time two-dimensional random pattern design method based on the subarray level random initial phase is 0.074284, which can obtain a better correlation result of the present invention. Except for the correlation spike pulse, the correlation coefficient of the invention is 0.1019 at most, and both sides of the correlation coefficient of the space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram design method based on the subarray level random initial phase are higher than the correlation coefficient of the invention, and one correlation coefficient is provided to reach 0.5031, which also shows that the correlation coefficient of the invention is better and more stable. The random radiation directional diagram generated by the method has better orthogonality, so that the target signal and the interference signal are more easily separated at a receiving end through matched filtering, and interference suppression is facilitated.
The simulation experiment verifies the correctness, effectiveness and reliability of the method.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method, and designs a space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram in microwave staring super-resolution imaging, so that interference can be suppressed more effectively. The implementation comprises the following steps: generating an orthogonal random phase sequence based on a genetic search algorithm, establishing a working coordinate system of a phased array antenna with a two-dimensional rectangular grid, expressing the position of an array element according to the established working coordinate system of the antenna, calculating a function of a far-field directional diagram of the phased array with respect to an azimuth angle theta, a pitch angle beta and time t by utilizing the orthogonal coding sequence generated by the genetic search algorithm, and identifying the target and the interference of an array element signal by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm. The random initial phase of the array element signal is generated by utilizing a genetic search algorithm, so that the designed directional diagram has better orthogonality and performance, the designed directional diagram has better orthogonality, the target signal and the interference signal are separated at the receiving end of the phased array radar through matched filtering, and the interference of the array element signal can be more effectively inhibited. The method is used for radar signal anti-interference.
Claims (5)
1.A low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) generating an orthogonal random phase sequence based on a genetic algorithm: carrying out genetic operation on the selected parameter set and the initial population by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a series of phase coding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness, namely optimized orthogonal random phase coding sequences, and arranging a plurality of array elements for radiating random phase signals, namely applying independent and random phases among the array elements to ensure that a directional diagram formed by the array elements at any point in a space beam range is the incoherent superposition of all array element signals, thereby forming a phased array far-field directional diagram with randomly distributed energy in space;
(2) establishing a working coordinate system of the phased array antenna with a two-dimensional rectangular grid: establishing an antenna working coordinate system XOY, wherein a two-dimensional planar phased array is provided with M multiplied by N array elements, the size of each sub-array is K multiplied by L, Q is the M multiplied by K array elements in the X direction, I is the N multiplied by L array elements in the Y direction, and each array element is marked by (Q, I), wherein Q is an X-axis direction mark number, and I is a Y-axis direction mark number;
(3) and expressing the position of the array element according to the established working coordinate system of the antenna: let the reference array element (0,0) be at point O, the position vector of any point P in space is r, the azimuth angle of the point relative to the antenna reference point is theta, the pitch angle is beta, and the array element spacing in X direction and Y direction are dxAnd dyAnd the (q, i) th array element position is r(q,i)＝qdxx+idyY, wherein X and Y are unit vectors in X and Y directions, respectively;
(4) calculating a function of a phased array far field pattern with respect to azimuth angle theta, pitch angle beta and time t by using an orthogonal coding sequence generated by a genetic algorithm: establishing a phased array far field directional diagram based on the antenna working coordinate system constructed in the step (2), wherein the phased array far field directional diagram is a random directional diagram, and the phase of each array element of the phased array far field directional diagram
The additional superimposed random phase shift is selected from orthogonal random phase code sequence, and the phase of array element signal
The method comprises the steps that the time t is a function, the amplitude weight of each array element of a phased array far-field directional diagram is uniformly set to be a (q, i) 1, the directional diagram function of the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is calculated according to the definition of an array antenna directional diagram by using an initial phase and the amplitude weight, and the phased array far-field radiation directional diagram is represented as a function of the azimuth angle theta, the pitch angle beta and the time t of array element signals; after array element signals radiated in a phased array far-field radiation directional diagram interact with a target, radar echo beams are obtained, and the radar echo beams contain the target, interference information and range slice data.
(5) And (3) identifying targets and interference in radar echo beams by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm: the random directional diagram changes along with time among each pulse, and by combining a sparse reconstruction algorithm in compressed sensing, distance slice data of a target and an interference are extracted from radar echo beams respectively, matched filtering and two-dimensional sparse reconstruction operation are carried out, a target signal and an interference signal are recovered respectively, the target and the interference are identified according to the priori knowledge that the interference amplitude is larger than the target amplitude, the interference suppression of a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram is completed, and the interference is effectively suppressed.
2. The method for suppressing interference of a low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random directional pattern according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of generating the orthogonal random phase encoding sequence based on a genetic algorithm specifically comprises the following steps:
(1.a) assuming that the array radar has M multiplied by N array elements, each array element transmits a four-phase coded signal, the coding length is L, the selected parameter sets are respectively 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2, and the selected parameter sets are coded by binary coding, wherein 00, 01, 10 and 11 respectively represent 0, pi/2, pi and 3 pi/2;
(1, b) selecting an initial population with the scale of S;
(1.c) fitness calculation: evaluating the initial population, representing the standard of the individual quality by using the fitness, and transmitting the individual with high fitness to the next generation;
(1.d) genetic manipulation: and (4) carrying out genetic operation on the initial population, and terminating the algorithm if the optimal individual fitness meets the requirement or the iteration times reach a preset value. Otherwise, continuing genetic operation to generate a new generation group, and then turning to the step (c) to calculate the fitness of the generated new generation group; after the iteration is finished, a series of phase encoding sequences with certain orthogonality and randomness can be obtained.
3. A low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random pattern interference suppression method according to claim 1, wherein the phased array far-field radiation pattern in step (4) is represented as a function of azimuth angle θ, pitch angle β and time t:
due to the fact that
The signals of each array element are not coherently synthesized in space any more, and a remote area radiation directional diagram F (theta, beta, t) of the whole phased array antenna is in a random fluctuation form.
4. A space-time two-dimensional random directional diagram interference suppression method based on low correlation according to claim 1, characterized in that when an array element signal radiated by the phased array far-field directional diagram with random fluctuation characteristics in the time and space dimensions constructed in the step (4) interacts with a target, target information in a beam can be acquired, and super resolution in the beam can be realized by combining a signal processing algorithm.
5. A low-correlation space-time two-dimensional random pattern interference suppression method according to claim 1, wherein the initial phase of each array element of the phased array far-field radiation pattern in step (4)
Is carried alongOf a machine, and
is a function varying with time, and the initial phase on the same array element is orthogonal and random between different PRTs, i.e. the initial phase on the same array element is also varied between different PRTs.
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