CN111812579B - Ultra-precise transition time measuring method and system - Google Patents

Ultra-precise transition time measuring method and system Download PDF

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CN111812579B
CN111812579B CN202010907079.1A CN202010907079A CN111812579B CN 111812579 B CN111812579 B CN 111812579B CN 202010907079 A CN202010907079 A CN 202010907079A CN 111812579 B CN111812579 B CN 111812579B
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reference signal
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center frequency
transit time
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CN111812579A (en
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王正海
王玉皞
周辉林
高晓晓
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Nanchang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/20—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S1/30—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems the synchronised signals being continuous waves or intermittent trains of continuous waves, the intermittency not being for the purpose of determining direction or position line and the transit times being compared by measuring the phase difference
    • G01S1/306—Analogous systems in which frequency-related signals (harmonics) are compared in phase, e.g. DECCA systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/70—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S1/76—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G01S1/80—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional transducers or transducer systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S1/807—Systems for determining direction or position line using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional transducers or transducer systems spaced apart, i.e. path-difference systems the synchronised signals being continuous waves or intermittent trains of continuous waves, the intermittency not being for the purpose of determining direction or position line and the transit times being compared by measuring the phase difference

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Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-precise transition time measuring method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule; receiving reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel, and resolving the phase of each reference signal; converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end; the measured transit times of the plurality of reference signals are converted to unique high-precision transit times. The invention utilizes the instantaneous ultra-wideband processing capability of the instantaneous ultra-wideband radio frequency technology to simultaneously generate the reference signal synthesized by a plurality of central frequencies according to a specific rule and form the instantaneous ultra-wideband reference signal in space, thereby forming the ultra-precise transit time measuring capability and being capable of measuring the transit time of the reference signal from a transmitting end to a receiving end with ultra-high precision and low cost.

Description

Ultra-precise transition time measuring method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless information systems, in particular to an ultra-precise transit time measuring method and system.
Background
Along with the continuous development of informatization technology and the continuous deepening of urbanization process, building safety, traffic safety, environmental safety, infrastructure safety and the like become important pillars for national safety such as the affair economy, the civil life, the national defense safety and the like, and form an important basis of the national safety. The wireless information system technology and equipment are adopted to detect and monitor the running time, position, motion speed, acceleration, displacement, deformation and the like of buildings, traffic, environments, infrastructures and the like, and form the technical foundation for safe running of the buildings, the traffic, the environments, the infrastructures and the like.
Taking bridge safety as an example, monitoring and diagnosing a bridge structure, and timely performing damage assessment and safety early warning become necessary requirements for bridge construction. In the long-term use process of the bridge, the structural damage and the function degradation of the bridge are caused by environmental erosion, material aging, increasingly heavy traffic, and the increasing number of passing bridges of heavy vehicles and overweight vehicles. Thereby the capability of resisting natural disasters and even normal environment action is reduced, and disaster accidents are caused under extreme conditions, thereby causing serious casualties and property loss. In order to guarantee the bearing capacity, durability and safety of the bridge structure during operation, it is very important to monitor the health of the large-scale bridge structure which is built and built.
The bridge structure health monitoring comprises local monitoring and overall monitoring. In the local monitoring aspect, optical fibers, piezoelectric smart materials and sensing elements, such as optical fibers, resistance strain wires, fatigue life wires, piezoelectric materials, carbon fibers, semiconductor materials, shape memory alloys, and the like, can be used. They sense important parts and important components of the structure in a surface attaching or embedding way and acquire parameter signals reflecting local structure characteristics. On the whole monitoring, commonly used dynamic deformation monitoring methods include an accelerometer method, a photogrammetry method, a laser scanning measurement method, a ground microwave interference radar method, a GNSS measurement method, and an RTS measurement method. The accelerometer method obtains dynamic displacement through twice integral acceleration, but the method is always questioned, mainly generates a trend term in the integral process, and cannot measure long-period quasi-static displacement. The photogrammetry method is to acquire images or videos of a monitored target and acquire the dynamic displacement of the monitored target through the steps of recording, measuring, analyzing and the like. The three-dimensional laser scanning method is to scan a monitoring target through high-speed laser, and to rapidly acquire three-dimensional coordinate data of the surface of the monitoring target in a large area and high resolution. The common disadvantage of photographic and laser scanning measurement methods is that the range is short and the measurement accuracy decreases rapidly as the apparent distance increases. With the advent of high sampling rate GNSS receivers, GNSS receivers have been applied in the field of structural health monitoring, however, GNSS plane and elevation measurement accuracies are limited to the range of 10-20mm, which restricts the development of GNSS monitoring technologies.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an ultra-precise transit time measuring method to solve the problem of low measurement accuracy in the prior art.
An ultra-precise transit time measurement method, comprising:
simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule;
receiving reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel, and resolving the phase of each reference signal;
converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
the measured transit times of the plurality of reference signals are converted to unique high-precision transit times.
According to the ultra-precise transit time measuring method provided by the invention, the instantaneous ultra-wide band processing capacity of the instantaneous ultra-wide band radio frequency technology is utilized, the reference signals synthesized by a plurality of central frequencies are simultaneously generated according to a specific rule, and the instantaneous ultra-wide band reference signals are synthesized, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring capacity is formed, the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end can be measured at ultra-high precision and low cost, and the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the position and the deformation of a carrier attached to the transmitting and receiving end can be further calculated based on the time information, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring method can be widely applied to the ultra-high precision detection and monitoring of the operation time, the position, the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the deformation and the like of buildings, traffic, environments, infrastructures and the like. The time measurement precision of the invention can reach picosecond magnitude, the corresponding displacement measurement precision can reach submillimeter magnitude, and the invention has wide military and civil application prospect.
In addition, according to the ultra-precise transit time measuring method of the present invention, the following additional technical features may be provided:
further, in the measurement rule, the reference signal center frequency satisfies equations (1) and (2):
Figure 949471DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
（1）
Figure 189959DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
（2）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Nrepresents the number of reference signals;
Figure 734073DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the operation of solving the least common multiple is shown;
Figure 85420DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
denotes the firstnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 703483DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
；
Figure 941304DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is shown as
Figure 644818DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The center frequency of each reference signal is measured,
Figure 658911DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
Figure 334742DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the representation takes any element of the set,
Figure 713771DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
and
Figure 232477DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
represents the center frequency of an arbitrary reference signal;
Figure 925627DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
representing a non-ambiguous time measurement range;
Figure 846178DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents the sampling rate;
Figure 333791DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
and
Figure 575679DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing an integer.
Further, the synthesized reference signal is:
Figure 72520DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 519681DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
expressed as natural constantseA base exponential function;
Figure 568409DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is shown asnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 671494DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
；jrepresenting a complex symbol;
Figure 565501DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
denotes the firstnRandom data modulated on the reference signals;trepresenting time.
Further, the step of receiving in parallel the reference signals synthesized by the plurality of center frequencies and calculating the phase of each reference signal specifically includes:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received reference signal;
carrying out Fourier transform on the reference signal subjected to the analog-to-digital conversion;
determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal;
and reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
Further, the step of determining the frequency domain index after fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal specifically includes:
first, for each reference signal center frequency, fromk=0 starts, steps 1 each time, searches respectively for positive and negative infinity until the first integer satisfying formula (3) is foundkSo far:
Figure 336011DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
（3）
then, the frequency domain index of the center frequency of each reference signal after Fourier transform is calculated by adopting the formula (4)
Figure 227743DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
：
Figure 942758DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
（4）
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Kwhich represents the length of the fourier transform,
Figure 515822DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
indicating a round-down operation.
Further, in the step of converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end, the phase of each reference signal is converted into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end by using the following formula:
Figure 937576DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 35763DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
is shown asnA referenceThe transit time of the signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
Figure 910178DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is shown asnThe phase of each reference signal;
Figure 145988DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is shown asnA center frequency of each reference signal;
Figure 422248DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the firstnA carrier ambiguity number for each reference signal;
Figure 859046DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
indicating a take-down integer operation.
Further, in the step of converting the measured transit times of the plurality of reference signals into unique high-precision transit times, all possible transit times in equation (6) are traversed
Figure 548653DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
A combination of (1);
Figure 729099DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
（6）
find a compound satisfying the formula (5)
Figure 187762DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
A combination of (1);
Figure 795461DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
（5）
then, the formula (1) will be satisfied, that is
Figure 208250DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Is/are as follows
Figure 192386DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
The combination of (A) is substituted into the above formula and calculated to obtain
Figure 505556DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
；
Finally, calculate
Figure 284156DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Obtaining unique high-precision transit time;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 948355DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
indicating a preset maximum time measurement error,
Figure 267341DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
it means that the absolute value is calculated,
Figure 310384DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
indicating a round-down operation.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ultra-precise transit time measuring system to solve the problem of low measurement precision in the prior art.
An ultra-precise transit time measurement system comprising:
the measurement reference signal generation module is used for simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule;
the transition phase measurement module is used for receiving the reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel and resolving the phase of each reference signal;
the time-of-flight measuring module is used for converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the time of flight of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
and the transition time de-ambiguity module is used for converting the measured transition times of the plurality of reference signals into unique high-precision transition times.
According to the ultra-precise transit time measuring system provided by the invention, the instantaneous ultra-wide band processing capacity of the instantaneous ultra-wide band radio frequency technology is utilized, the composite emission reference signal of a plurality of central frequencies is generated simultaneously according to a specific rule, and the composite emission reference signal is synthesized, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring capacity is formed, the transit time of the reference signal from the emission end to the receiving end can be measured at ultra-high precision and low cost, and the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the position and the deformation of a carrier attached to the transmission and receiving end can be further calculated based on the time information, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring system can be widely applied to the ultra-high precision detection and monitoring of the operation time, the position, the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the deformation and the like of buildings, traffic, environments, infrastructures and the like. The time measurement precision of the invention can reach picosecond magnitude, the corresponding displacement measurement precision can reach submillimeter magnitude, and the invention has wide military and civil application prospect.
In addition, the ultra-precise transit time measuring system according to the present invention may have the following additional technical features:
further, in the measurement rule, the reference signal center frequency satisfies the following formula:
Figure 384519DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure 411381DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Nrepresenting the number of reference signals;
Figure 268478DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
the operation of solving the least common multiple is shown;
Figure 54775DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is shown asnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 440757DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
；
Figure 813970DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
is shown as
Figure 412441DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
The center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 492393DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
；
Figure 642752DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
the representation takes any element of the set,
Figure 378626DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
and
Figure 171002DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
represents the center frequency of an arbitrary reference signal;
Figure 308722DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
representing a non-ambiguous time measurement range;
Figure 567665DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
represents the sampling rate;
Figure 151356DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
and
Figure 153947DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
representing an integer.
Further, the synthesized reference signal is:
Figure 146173DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 169493DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
expressed as natural constantseA base exponential function;
Figure 879960DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
is shown asnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 748559DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
；jrepresenting a complex symbol;
Figure 595292DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is shown asnRandom data modulated on the reference signals;trepresenting time.
Further, the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received reference signal;
carrying out Fourier transform on the reference signal subjected to the analog-to-digital conversion;
determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal;
and reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
Further, the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
first, for each reference signal center frequency, fromkStarting with =0, each step is 1, and searching respectively for positive infinity and negative infinity until the first integer satisfying the following formula is foundkSo far:
Figure 523934DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
then, the frequency domain index of the center frequency of each reference signal after Fourier transform is calculated by the following formula
Figure 721697DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
：
Figure 886663DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Kwhich represents the length of the fourier transform,
Figure 853482DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
indicating a take-down integer operation.
Further, the transit time measuring module is specifically configured to convert the phase of each reference signal into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end by using the following formula:
Figure 218604DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 700401DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
is shown asnThe transit time of each reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
Figure 176382DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
is shown asnThe phase of each reference signal;
Figure 997707DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
denotes the firstnA center frequency of the reference signal;
Figure 35195DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
is the firstnA carrier ambiguity number of each reference signal;
Figure 941972DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
indicating a round-down operation.
Further, the transit time deblurring module is specifically configured to:
traverse all possible in the following equation
Figure 628168DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
A combination of (1);
Figure 897475DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
find a composition satisfying the following formula
Figure 604400DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
A combination of (1);
Figure 857527DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
then, the formula (1) will be satisfied, that is
Figure 550676DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Is
Figure 704184DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
The combination of (A) is substituted into the above formula and calculated to obtain
Figure 457376DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
；
Finally, calculate
Figure 463378DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Obtaining the unique high-precision transition time;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 694639DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
indicating a preset maximum time measurement error,
Figure 469697DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
it means that the absolute value is calculated,
Figure 924950DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
indicating a take-down integer operation.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an ultra-precise transit time measuring method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Unambiguous time measuring range of 4us
Figure 293614DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
(ii) a Maximum allowed time measurement error of 0.01ns
Figure 453200DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
(ii) a A sampling rate of
Figure 53071DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
；N=3 reference signals having center frequencies of
Figure 882486DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
、
Figure 128660DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
、
Figure 967303DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
(ii) a Length of Fourier transformKWith reference to fig. 1, an ultra-precise time-of-flight measurement method provided in a first embodiment of the present invention, which is an example of the =8192 method, includes steps S1 to S4:
s1, generating 3 reference signals synthesized by center frequencies according to the requirements of ultra-precise measurement rules, and transmitting the reference signals.
Wherein, according to the rule meeting the precision requirement, 3 reference signals for transmitting are generated.
The rule meeting the precision requirement specifiesNSet of =3 reference signal center frequencies, a reference signal center frequency satisfying equation (7):
Figure 451374DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
（7）
in the formula (7), the reaction mixture is,
Figure 717270DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
are all integers.
The specific synthesized reference signals are:
Figure 919581DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
Figure 296336DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
expressed as natural constantseA base exponential function;
Figure 670467DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
is shown asnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 841685DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
；jrepresenting a complex symbol;trepresenting time.
And S2, receiving the reference signals synthesized by the 3 center frequencies in parallel, and resolving the phase of each reference signal.
Wherein, step S2 specifically includes:
firstly, performing analog-to-digital conversion on a received reference signal; then, carrying out Fourier transform on the reference signal after the analog-to-digital conversion; then, determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal; and finally, reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
In the frequency domain indexing step of determining the center frequency of each reference signal after fourier transform, first, for each reference signal center frequency, the center frequency is determined fromk=0 starts, steps 1 each time, searches respectively for positive and negative infinity until the first integer satisfying formula (8) is foundkTo this end, we obtain:
Figure 531292DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
（8）
then, frequency domain indexes of three reference signal center frequencies after Fourier transform are calculated
Figure 508476DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
：
Figure 842505DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
And S3, converting the phases of the 3 reference signals into the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end.
Specifically, the following formula is adopted to convert the phase of each reference signal into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end:
Figure 574838DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
Figure 627107DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
is shown asnThe transit time of each reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
Figure 204719DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
is shown asnThe phase of each reference signal;
Figure 658834DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
is shown asnA center frequency of each reference signal;
Figure 63533DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
is the firstnA carrier ambiguity number for each reference signal;
Figure 603099DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
indicating a round-down operation.
And S4, a transition time ambiguity resolution module, wherein the transition time ambiguity resolution module converts the measured 3 reference signal transition times into a unique high-precision transition time.
Wherein all possible search equations (10) are searched by traversing
Figure 922085DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Find a combination satisfying the formula (9)
Figure 355340DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
Combinations of (a) and (b); then, will satisfy the formula (7)
Figure 304841DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
Is substituted into the formula (9), and is calculated to obtain
Figure 190758DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
(ii) a Finally, calculate
Figure 251118DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
And obtaining the unique high-precision transit time.
Figure 538880DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
（9）
Figure 659282DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
（10）
Figure 796609DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
Indicating a preset maximum time measurement error,
Figure 660660DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
it means that the absolute value is calculated,
Figure 475032DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
to representAnd taking down the integer operation.
According to the ultra-precise transit time measuring method provided by the embodiment, the reference signals synthesized by a plurality of central frequencies are simultaneously generated according to a specific rule by utilizing the instantaneous ultra-wide band processing capacity of the instantaneous ultra-wide band radio frequency technology, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring capacity is formed, the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end can be measured at ultra-high precision and low cost, and the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the position and the deformation of a carrier attached to the transmitting and receiving end can be further calculated based on the time information, so that the ultra-precise transit time measuring method can be widely applied to ultra-high precision detection and monitoring of the operation time, the position, the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the deformation and the like of buildings, traffic, environments, infrastructures and the like. The time measurement precision of the invention can reach picosecond magnitude, the corresponding displacement measurement precision can reach submillimeter magnitude, and the invention has wide military and civil application prospect.
Based on the same inventive concept, a second embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-precise transit time measuring system, including:
the measurement reference signal generation module is used for simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule;
the transition phase measurement module is used for receiving the reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel and resolving the phase of each reference signal;
the time-of-flight measuring module is used for converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the time of flight of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
and the transition time de-ambiguity module is used for converting the measured transition times of the plurality of reference signals into unique high-precision transition times.
In this embodiment, in the measurement rule, the center frequency of the reference signal satisfies the following formula:
Figure 156549DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
Figure 892424DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Nrepresenting the number of reference signals;
Figure 684800DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
the operation of solving the least common multiple is shown;
Figure 556941DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
denotes the firstnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 143780DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
；
Figure 366951DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
is shown as
Figure 369542DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
The center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 987867DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
；
Figure 620974DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
the representation takes any element of the set,
Figure 190496DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
and
Figure 200040DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
represents the center frequency of an arbitrary reference signal;
Figure 109090DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
representing a non-ambiguous time measurement range;
Figure 37732DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
represents the sampling rate;
Figure 235495DEST_PATH_IMAGE125
and
Figure 642205DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
represents an integer.
In this embodiment, the synthesized reference signal is:
Figure 405762DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 380671DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
expressed as natural constantseA base exponential function;
Figure 706478DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
is shown asnThe center frequency of each of the reference signals,
Figure 57825DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
；jrepresenting a complex symbol;
Figure 3784DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
is shown asnRandom data modulated on the reference signals;trepresenting time.
In this embodiment, the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received reference signal;
carrying out Fourier transform on the reference signal subjected to the analog-to-digital conversion;
determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal;
and reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
In this embodiment, the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
first, for each reference signal center frequency, fromkStarting with =0, each step is 1, and the steps are respectively directed to the infiniteAnd searching for a negative infinity search until a first integer is found that satisfies the following equationkSo far:
Figure 149594DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
then, the frequency domain index of the center frequency of each reference signal after Fourier transform is calculated by the following formula
Figure 853108DEST_PATH_IMAGE131
：
Figure 867201DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,Kwhich represents the length of the fourier transform,
Figure 808612DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
indicating a take-down integer operation.
In this embodiment, the transit time measuring module is specifically configured to convert the phase of each reference signal into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end by using the following formula:
Figure 249957DEST_PATH_IMAGE133
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 378450DEST_PATH_IMAGE134
is shown asnThe transit time of each reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
Figure 697699DEST_PATH_IMAGE135
is shown asnThe phase of each reference signal;
Figure 290354DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
is shown asnA center frequency of the reference signal;
Figure 777967DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is the firstnA carrier ambiguity number for each reference signal;
Figure 783969DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
indicating a take-down integer operation.
In this embodiment, the transit time deblurring module is specifically configured to:
traverse all possible paths in
Figure 15230DEST_PATH_IMAGE137
A combination of (1);
Figure 462392DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
find a composition satisfying the following formula
Figure 511120DEST_PATH_IMAGE139
A combination of (1);
Figure 879784DEST_PATH_IMAGE140
then, the formula (1) will be satisfied, that is
Figure 39370DEST_PATH_IMAGE141
Is/are as follows
Figure 278722DEST_PATH_IMAGE142
The combination of (A) is substituted into the above formula and calculated to obtain
Figure 996885DEST_PATH_IMAGE143
；
Finally, calculate
Figure 852846DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Obtaining unique high-precision transit time;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 222647DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
indicating a preset maximum time measurement error,
Figure 972298DEST_PATH_IMAGE145
it means that the absolute value is calculated,
Figure 972615DEST_PATH_IMAGE146
indicating a round-down operation.
According to the ultra-precise transit time measuring system provided by the embodiment, the instantaneous ultra-wide band processing capacity of the instantaneous ultra-wide band radio frequency technology is utilized, the reference signals synthesized by a plurality of central frequencies are simultaneously generated according to a specific rule, the instantaneous ultra-wide band reference signals are synthesized, the ultra-precise transit time measuring capacity is formed, the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end can be measured at ultra-high precision and low cost, the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the position and the deformation of a carrier attached to the transmitting and receiving end can be further calculated based on the time information, and the ultra-precise transit time measuring system can be widely applied to ultra-precise detection and monitoring of the operation time, the position, the movement speed, the acceleration, the displacement, the deformation and the like of buildings, traffic, environments, infrastructures and the like. The time measurement precision of the invention can reach picosecond magnitude, the corresponding displacement measurement precision can reach submillimeter magnitude, and the invention has wide military and civil application prospects.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. An ultra-precise transit time measurement method, comprising:
simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule;
receiving reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel, and resolving the phase of each reference signal;
converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the transit time of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
converting the measured transit times of the plurality of reference signals into unique high-precision transit times;
in the measurement rule, the center frequency of the reference signal satisfies the following formula:
Figure FDA0004039391610000011
Figure FDA0004039391610000012
wherein N represents the number of reference signals; lcm (-) represents the operation of finding the least common multiple; f. of n Represents the nth reference signal center frequency, N =1,2, …, N; f. of n′ Represents the nth 'reference signal center frequency, N' =1,2, …, N;
Figure FDA0004039391610000013
the representation takes any element of the set,
Figure FDA0004039391610000014
and
Figure FDA0004039391610000015
means at willA center frequency of the reference signal; f. of s Represents the sampling rate; k and k' represent integers;
the step of receiving in parallel the reference signals synthesized by the plurality of center frequencies and resolving the phase of each reference signal specifically comprises:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received reference signal;
carrying out Fourier transform on the reference signal subjected to the analog-to-digital conversion;
determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal;
and reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
2. The ultra-precise time-of-flight measurement method of claim 1, wherein the synthesized reference signal is:
Figure FDA0004039391610000021
wherein exp (·) represents an exponential function with a natural constant e as the base; f. of n Represents the center frequency of the nth reference signal, N =1,2, …, N; j represents a complex symbol; a. The n Representing random data modulated on an nth reference signal; t represents time.
3. The ultra-precise time-of-flight measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the frequency domain index after fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal specifically includes:
firstly, for each reference signal center frequency, starting from k =0, stepping to 1 each time, and searching respectively to positive infinity and negative infinity until finding a first integer k meeting the following formula:
Figure FDA0004039391610000031
then, the frequency domain index f of the center frequency of each reference signal after Fourier transform is calculated by the following formula n ：
Figure FDA0004039391610000032
Wherein K represents the length of the Fourier transform,
Figure FDA0004039391610000033
indicating a take-down integer operation.
4. The ultra-precise transit time measurement method of claim 3, wherein in the step of converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end, the phase of each reference signal is converted into the transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end using the following equation:
Figure FDA0004039391610000034
wherein, tau n Representing the transit time of the nth reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end; theta n Represents the phase of the nth reference signal; f. of n Represents the center frequency of the nth reference signal; i.e. i n ＝1，2…，
Figure FDA0004039391610000035
Is the carrier ambiguity number of the nth reference signal;
Figure FDA0004039391610000036
indicating a take-down integer operation.
5. The ultra-precise transit time measurement method of claim 4, wherein the measured transit times of the plurality of reference signals are converted into unique transit timesIn the step of high precision transit time, all possible i in the following formula are traversed 1 ，…，i n …，i N Combinations of (a) and (b);
Figure FDA0004039391610000041
finding i satisfying the following formula l ，…，i n ，…，i N A combination of (1);
Figure FDA0004039391610000042
then, the formula will be satisfied
Figure FDA0004039391610000043
I of (a) 1 ，…，i n ，…，i N Are brought into
In the above formula, τ is calculated 1 ，…，τ n ，…，τ N ；
Finally, calculate
Figure FDA0004039391610000044
Obtaining unique high-precision transition time;
wherein, Δ r represents the preset maximum time measurement error, | · | represents the absolute value calculation,
Figure FDA0004039391610000051
indicating a take-down integer operation.
6. An ultra-precise transit time measurement system, comprising:
the measurement reference signal generation module is used for simultaneously generating a reference signal synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies according to the requirement of a measurement rule;
the transition phase measurement module is used for receiving reference signals synthesized by a plurality of center frequencies in parallel and resolving the phase of each reference signal;
the time-of-flight measuring module is used for converting the phases of the plurality of reference signals into the time of flight of the reference signals from the transmitting end to the receiving end;
the transition time ambiguity resolution module is used for converting the measured transition times of the plurality of reference signals into unique high-precision transition times;
in the measurement rule, the center frequency of the reference signal satisfies the following formula:
Figure FDA0004039391610000052
Figure FDA0004039391610000053
wherein N represents the number of reference signals; lcm (·) represents the operation to find the least common multiple; f. of n Represents the nth reference signal center frequency, N =1,2, …, N; f. of n′ Represents the nth 'reference signal center frequency, N' =1,2, …, N;
Figure FDA0004039391610000061
the representation takes any element of the set and,
Figure FDA0004039391610000062
and
Figure FDA0004039391610000063
represents the center frequency of an arbitrary reference signal; f. of s Represents the sampling rate; k and k' represent integers;
the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
performing analog-to-digital conversion on the received reference signal;
performing Fourier transform on the reference signal subjected to the analog-to-digital conversion;
determining a frequency domain index after Fourier transform corresponding to the center frequency of each reference signal;
and reading Fourier transform complex values corresponding to the frequency domain indexes, substituting the complex values into an arc tangent algorithm, and solving the phase of each reference signal.
7. The ultra-precise transit time measurement system of claim 6, wherein the synthesized reference signal is:
Figure FDA0004039391610000064
wherein exp (·) represents an exponential function with a natural constant e as the base; f. of n Represents the center frequency of the nth reference signal, N =1,2, …, N; j represents a complex symbol; a. The n Representing random data modulated on an nth reference signal; t represents time.
8. The ultra-precise transit time measurement system of claim 7, wherein the transit phase measurement module is specifically configured to:
firstly, starting from k =0, stepping to 1 each time, and searching respectively to positive infinity and negative infinity until finding a first integer k satisfying the following formula:
Figure FDA0004039391610000071
then, the frequency domain index f of the center frequency of each reference signal after Fourier transform is calculated by the following formula n ：
Figure FDA0004039391610000072
Wherein K represents the length of the Fourier transform,
Figure FDA0004039391610000073
indicating a take-down integer operation.
9. The ultra-precise transit time measurement system of claim 8, wherein the transit time measurement module is specifically configured to convert the phase of each reference signal into a transit time of the reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end using the following equation:
Figure FDA0004039391610000074
wherein, tau n Representing the transit time of the nth reference signal from the transmitting end to the receiving end; theta n Represents the phase of the nth reference signal; f. of n Represents the center frequency of the nth reference signal; i.e. i n ＝1，2…，
Figure FDA0004039391610000075
Is the carrier ambiguity number of the nth reference signal;
Figure FDA0004039391610000076
indicating a take-down integer operation.
10. The ultra-precise transit time measurement system of claim 9, wherein the transit time deblurring module is specifically configured to:
traverse all possible i in the following equation 1 ，…，i n ，…，i N A combination of (1);
Figure FDA0004039391610000081
finding i satisfying the following formula 1 ，…，i n ，…，i N A combination of (1);
Figure FDA0004039391610000082
then, the formula will be satisfied
Figure FDA0004039391610000083
I of (a) 1 ，…，i n …，i N Are brought into
In the above formula, τ is calculated 1 ，…，τ n ，…，τ N ；
Finally, calculate
Figure FDA0004039391610000084
Obtaining unique high-precision transition time;
wherein, delta tau represents the preset maximum time measurement error, | · | represents the absolute value calculation,
Figure FDA0004039391610000085
indicating a round-down operation.
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