CN111812130A - X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method and device - Google Patents
X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111812130A CN111812130A CN202010680981.4A CN202010680981A CN111812130A CN 111812130 A CN111812130 A CN 111812130A CN 202010680981 A CN202010680981 A CN 202010680981A CN 111812130 A CN111812130 A CN 111812130A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
Abstract
The invention provides a material internal 3D imaging method and device based on X-rays, which comprises a rack, wherein a base is arranged on the rack, a precise moving platform is arranged at the center of the top of the base, a ray source xy moving platform is arranged on one side of the precise moving platform, X-ray sources of various types are loaded on the ray source xy moving platform, an X-ray receiving plate moving platform is arranged on the base and is positioned on the other side of the precise moving platform and is opposite to the ray source xy moving platform, an X-ray receiving plate is arranged on the X-ray receiving plate moving platform, and the precise moving platform, the X-ray source and the X-ray receiving plate are all connected with a central control system. The X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method and device are simple in structure, high in automation degree, capable of adapting to the 3D scanning requirements of different workpieces by adopting various X-ray sources, high in adaptability and capable of achieving 360-degree dead-angle-free automatic continuous X-ray detection 3D imaging of the workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D imaging method and a device, in particular to a material interior 3D imaging method and a device based on X-rays.
Background
The X-ray scanning imaging is a device which uses X-ray to carry out tomography scanning on a human body, then converts an analog signal received by a detector into a digital signal, calculates the attenuation coefficient number of each pixel through an electronic computer, and then reconstructs an image to display the tomography structure of the internal structure of the material.
With the development of science, people have more and more demands on the internal structure information of materials.
In the aspect of manufacturing industry, the requirements for product quality inspection and material internal structure information acquisition are higher and higher, and strict flaw detection and accurate measurement of internal structure size of more and more key, complex parts and even internal defects of products are required. Such as air raid inside the interior equipment, crack and foreign matter detection. The X-ray scanning image can identify the product defects at an early stage, and can strengthen the performance of the product to the maximum extent before the product is produced in batch, thereby ensuring high quality of the product. Scanning for pore defects on various casting bodies is one of the typical examples of CT applications, and another example is the detection of bubbles or voids in a composite structure, such as a complete vehicle scan by a bmw for the purpose of diagnosing if the complete vehicle is acceptable. CT cross-sectional scans clearly show the surface condition of the structural assembly, indicating the presence of voids or gaps that may affect structural integrity and robustness.
In the aspect of material detection, X-ray scanning can nondestructively and holographically reproduce various structures and internal structures of materials with micron-scale detail resolution capability and three-dimensional forms of the materials, and the method is increasingly applied to the aspect of material science.
In view of the nondestructive property of X-ray imaging, it has also gained more and more extensive attention in the fields of aerospace, aviation, military, metallurgy, machinery, petroleum, electric power, geology, archaeology, etc.
After years of development, the technology of X-ray imaging is still mature in the related fields of CR and CT machines. However, the most mature surface of the CR and CT machines is still planar imaging, and the spatial structure and spatial morphological relationship description of the planar image to human tissue is often not intuitive and accurate.
Some X-ray 3D imaging technologies based on CT technology have appeared, but they can only provide stereo images at a single shooting angle, the viewpoint position, the viewing direction and the parallax are fixed, and stereo images at other angles can only be transposed and re-shot. And because human tissues still move to a certain extent in the shooting process, the imaging precision of the image derived by adopting the technology still has negative influence.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a material interior 3D imaging method and device based on X rays, which can realize 360-degree dead-angle-free automatic continuous X ray detection 3D imaging of a workpiece.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the invention provides an X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the workpiece to be imaged on a precision moving table, selecting a proper X-ray source, and operating a ray source xy moving table to move in the y direction so that the X-ray source and the workpiece are on the same straight line in the X direction;
s2, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table to move in the y direction to enable the center of the X-ray receiving plate, the workpiece and the X-ray source to be on the same straight line;
s3, operating the X-ray source xy moving table to move in the X direction, and adjusting the distance between the X-ray source and the workpiece, which is recorded as S1;
s4, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table to move in the X direction, and adjusting the distance between the X-ray receiving plate and the workpiece, which is marked as S2;
s5, the precision mobile platform starts to rotate, the precision sample rotating platform stops rotating every 0.1-0.5 degrees on average, the X-ray receiving plate records the amount of the attenuated X-rays, and the amount is recorded as 1 frame of data until the workpiece rotates for 360 degrees;
and S6, calculating and processing multi-frame data recorded by the workpiece rotating 360 degrees through 3D data reconstruction, and restoring the original appearance of the workpiece.
Preferably, in step S6, the calculation processing is performed on the multi-frame data recorded by rotating the workpiece by 360 ° by the following method:
s61, setting the detector and the light source as a point, and regarding a connecting line between the detector and the light source as a projection process, and assuming that a total number of the detector and the light source are M;
s62, setting the value of the pixel as X and the contribution to the projection as A, and obtaining a basic mathematical equation set model of the projection process by the calculation method of the formula (1):
AX ═ P (formula 1)
Wherein X ═ X1，x2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，xn]TAs discretized graphsTwo-dimensional array expression of image, xnRepresenting the values of different pixels in the image X, P ═ P1，p2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，pm]TFor the expression of the discretized projection, pmRepresenting the projection of an image X at different angles, A being a matrix of coefficients M X N, where A has elements ai，jRepresenting the contribution of the jth pixel point to the ith projection;
and S63, solving the matrix X by using an ART algorithm or an SART algorithm, and reconstructing an image.
Preferably, in step S5, the precision sample rotation table stops rotating at an average interval of 0.25 °, the X-ray receiving plate records the amount of X-rays after attenuation, and records the amount as 1 frame of data, and the precision sample rotation table records 1440 frames of data in one rotation of 360 °.
The invention also discloses a material internal 3D imaging device based on the X ray, which comprises: the frame, install the base in the frame, accurate moving platform is installed at base top center, ray source xy moving platform is installed to one side of accurate moving platform, the X ray source of multiple different grade type is loaded on the ray source xy moving platform, and the X ray dash receiver moving platform is installed on the base and is located the other one side of accurate moving platform and sets up with ray source xy moving platform relatively, and the X ray dash receiver is installed on the X ray dash receiver moving platform, accurate moving platform, X ray source and X ray dash receiver all are connected with central control system.
Preferably, the accurate moving platform includes accurate sample revolving stage, accurate xy moving platform and accurate z moving platform, accurate sample revolving stage is installed on the base, and accurate xy moving platform is installed on accurate sample revolving stage, and accurate z moving platform is installed on accurate xy moving platform, and the work piece is placed on accurate z moving platform. In the actual operation process, the accurate sample revolving stage is used for driving the work piece and rotates according to the angle of predetermineeing, and accurate xy mobile station is used for the position of accurate adjustment work piece in xy direction, and accurate z mobile station is used for the position of accurate adjustment work piece in the z direction, ensures that the work piece accomplishes X ray scanning 3D formation of image in the optimum position.
Preferably, a double-tube X-ray source and a single-tube X-ray source are loaded on the X-ray source xy mobile platform side by side, so that the double-tube X-ray source or the single-tube X-ray source can be conveniently selected according to the imaging requirements of different workpieces.
Preferably, a shock insulation air cushion is arranged between the machine frame and the base, so that the influence on the position of a workpiece caused by vibration when the precision moving platform, the X-ray source xy moving platform or the X-ray receiving plate moving platform moves is reduced, and the imaging precision is improved.
The X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method and device provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
1) the material internal 3D imaging method based on the X-ray is simple and easy to implement, can realize 360-degree dead-angle-free automatic continuous X-ray detection 3D imaging of the workpiece without complex operation, can accurately restore the original appearance inside the workpiece by calculating and processing multi-frame data recorded by 360-degree rotation of the workpiece through 3D data reconstruction, and has a good 3D imaging effect.
2) This inside 3D image device of material based on X ray simple structure, degree of automation is high, adopts multiple type X ray source, can adapt to the 3D scanning requirement of different work pieces, and strong adaptability through the cooperation between accurate mobile station, ray source xy mobile station and the X ray receiver plate mobile station, can realize 360 no dead angles of work piece automatic continuous X ray detection 3D formation of image.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an X-ray based 3D imaging device inside a material according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an X-ray based material internal 3D imaging device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of an X-ray based material internal 3D imaging device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of an X-ray based 3D imaging device inside a material in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for realizing three-dimensional reconstruction based on an algebraic iterative reconstruction algorithm.
In the figure: 1. a dual-tube X-ray source; 2. a single tube X-ray source; 3. a ray source xy moving table; 4. a precision sample rotating table; 5. a precision xy moving stage; 6. a precision z-motion stage; 7. a workpiece; 8. an X-ray receiving plate; 9. an X-ray receiving plate moving table; 10. a base; 11. a frame; 12. a shock insulation air cushion.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: an X-ray based material interior 3D imaging method.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a method for 3D imaging of the interior of a material based on X-rays specifically includes the following steps:
s1, placing the workpiece 7 to be imaged on a precision moving table, selecting a double-tube X-ray source 1 or a single-tube X-ray source 2 as a proper X-ray source according to the imaging property of the workpiece 7, and operating the X-ray source xy moving table 3 to move in the y direction so that the double-tube X-ray source 1 or the single-tube X-ray source 2 and the workpiece 7 are on the same straight line in the X direction;
s2, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table 9 to move in the y direction, so that the center of the X-ray receiving plate 8, the workpiece 7 and the X-ray source are on the same straight line in the X direction;
s3, operating the X-ray source xy moving table 4 to move in the X direction, and adjusting the distance between the X-ray source and the workpiece 7, which is recorded as S1;
s4, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table 9 to move in the X direction, adjusting the distance between the X-ray receiving plate 8 and the workpiece 7, and marking as S2, wherein the size of S1/S2 influences the resolution of 3D scanning imaging, so that in the actual operation process, the proper S1 and S2 are adjusted according to actual needs;
s5, the precision mobile platform starts to rotate, the precision sample rotating platform stops rotating at an average interval of 0.25 degrees, the X-ray receiving plate records the amount of the attenuated X-rays, and records the amount as 1 frame of data until the workpiece rotates 360 degrees, and the precision sample rotating platform rotates 360 degrees for one circle and records 1440 frames of data together;
and S6, calculating 1440 frame data recorded by the workpiece rotating by 360 degrees through 3D data reconstruction, and restoring the original appearance of the workpiece.
In step S6, the calculation processing is performed on the multi-frame data recorded by rotating the workpiece by 360 ° by the following method: as shown in fig. 5: and realizing three-dimensional reconstruction by adopting an algebra-based iterative reconstruction algorithm. Assuming that the detector and the light source are both a point, the connecting line between the detector and the light source can be regarded as the projection process, and a total of M lines are assumed. And (3) setting the value of the pixel as X and the contribution to the projection as A, obtaining a basic mathematical equation set model of the projection process:
AX ═ P (formula 1)
Wherein X ═ X1，x2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，xn]TTwo-dimensional array expression for discretized image, xnRepresenting the values of different pixels in the image X, P ═ P1，p2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，pm]TFor the expression of the discretized projection, pmRepresenting the projection of an image X at different angles, A being a matrix of coefficients M X N, where A has elements ai，jRepresentative is the contribution of the jth pixel point to the ith projection. The process of reconstructing the image is therefore the process of solving the matrix X. And (5) solving the matrix X by using an ART algorithm or an SART algorithm, and reconstructing an image.
The most common of the algebraic iterative reconstruction algorithms is ART (algebraic reconstruction technique), which can be formally written as:
the SART algorithm may also be used, which may be formally written as:
1440 frame data recorded by the workpiece rotating for 360 degrees is calculated and processed through an ART algorithm or an iterative reconstruction algorithm of the generations such as SART algorithm, so that three-dimensional reconstruction is realized, and the original appearance of the workpiece is restored.
The X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method is simple and easy to implement, can realize 360-degree dead-angle-free automatic continuous X-ray detection 3D imaging of the workpiece without complex operation, can accurately restore the original appearance inside the workpiece by computing 1440 frame data recorded by 360-degree rotation of the workpiece through 3D data reconstruction, and has a good 3D imaging effect.
Example 2: an X-ray based 3D imaging device for interior of a material.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an X-ray based material inside 3D imaging apparatus includes: a frame 11, a marble base 10 is installed on the frame 11, a precision moving table is installed at the top center of the base 10, the precision moving table comprises a precision sample rotating table 4, a precision xy moving table 5 and a precision z moving table 6, wherein the precision sample rotating table 4 is installed on the base 10, the precision xy moving table 5 is installed on the precision sample rotating table 4, the precision z moving table 6 is installed on the precision xy moving table 5, a workpiece 7 is placed on the precision z moving table 6, in the actual operation process, the precision sample rotating table 4 is used for driving the workpiece 7 to rotate according to a preset angle, the precision xy moving table 5 is used for precisely adjusting the position of the workpiece 7 in the xy direction, the precision z moving table 6 is used for precisely adjusting the position of the workpiece 7 in the z direction, the workpiece 7 is ensured to complete X-ray scanning 3D imaging at the optimal position, a ray source xy moving table 3 is installed at one side of the precision moving table, the X-ray source xy moving table 3 is loaded with a double-tube X-ray source 1 and a single-tube X-ray source 2 side by side, so that the double-tube X-ray source 2 or the single-tube X-ray source 1 can be conveniently selected as a proper X-ray source according to the imaging requirements of different workpieces 7, the X-ray receiving plate moving table 9 is installed on the base 10 and is positioned at the other side of the precision moving table and is arranged opposite to the X-ray source xy moving table 3, the X-ray receiving plate 8 is installed on the X-ray receiving plate moving table 9, the precision moving table, the double-tube X-ray source 1, the single-tube X-ray source 2 and the X-ray receiving plate 8 are all connected with the central control system, automatic alignment and test operation are realized through the central control system, the shock insulation air cushion 12 is installed between the machine frame 11 and the base 10, so as to reduce the influence on the position of the, the imaging precision is improved.
This inside 3D image device of material based on X ray simple structure, degree of automation is high, adopts multiple type X ray source, can adapt to the 3D scanning requirement of different work pieces 7, and strong adaptability can automatic control precision mobile station, the cooperation between source xy mobile station 3 and the X ray receiver plate mobile station 9 through central control system, realizes 360 no dead angles automatic continuous X ray detection 3D formation of image of work piece 7.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the embodiment and the disclosure of the drawings, and therefore, all equivalent or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An X-ray-based material interior 3D imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, placing the workpiece to be imaged on a precision moving table, selecting a proper X-ray source, and operating a ray source xy moving table to move in the y direction so that the X-ray source and the workpiece are on the same straight line in the X direction;
s2, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table to move in the y direction to enable the center of the X-ray receiving plate, the workpiece and the X-ray source to be on the same straight line;
s3, operating the X-ray source xy moving table to move in the X direction, and adjusting the distance between the X-ray source and the workpiece, which is recorded as S1;
s4, operating the X-ray receiving plate moving table to move in the X direction, and adjusting the distance between the X-ray receiving plate and the workpiece, which is marked as S2;
s5, the precision mobile platform starts to rotate, the precision sample rotating platform stops rotating every 0.1-0.5 degrees on average, the X-ray receiving plate records the amount of the attenuated X-rays, and the amount is recorded as 1 frame of data until the workpiece rotates for 360 degrees;
and S6, calculating and processing multi-frame data recorded by the workpiece rotating 360 degrees through 3D data reconstruction, and restoring the original appearance of the workpiece.
2. The X-ray based material interior 3D imaging method of claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the calculation processing is performed on the multiframe data recorded by rotating the workpiece by 360 ° by the following method:
s61, setting the detector and the light source as a point, and regarding a connecting line between the detector and the light source as a projection process, and assuming that a total number of the detector and the light source are M;
s62, setting the value of the pixel as X and the contribution to the projection as A, and obtaining a basic mathematical equation set model of the projection process by the calculation method of the formula (1):
AX ═ P (formula 1)
Wherein X ═ X1，x2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，xn]TTwo-dimensional array expression for discretized image, xnRepresenting the values of different pixels in the image X, P ═ P1，p2，/cdot/cdot/cdot，pm]TFor the expression of the discretized projection, pmRepresenting the projection of an image X at different angles, A being a matrix of coefficients M X N, where A has elements ai，jRepresenting the contribution of the jth pixel point to the ith projection;
and S63, solving the matrix X by using an ART algorithm or an SART algorithm, and reconstructing an image.
3. The X-ray based material interior 3D imaging method of claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the precision sample rotation stage stops rotating every 0.25 ° on average, the X-ray receiving plate records the amount of X-rays after attenuation, which is recorded as 1 frame of data, and the precision sample rotation stage records 1440 frames of data together after rotating 360 ° once.
4. An X-ray based 3D imaging apparatus of the interior of a material, comprising: the frame, install the base in the frame, accurate mobile station, its characterized in that are installed at base top center: ray source xy mobile station is installed to one side of precision mobile station, the X ray source of multiple different grade type is loaded on ray source xy mobile station, and the X ray receiver plate mobile station is installed on the base and is located precision mobile station's other one side and sets up with ray source xy mobile station relatively, and the X ray receiver plate is installed on the X ray receiver plate mobile station, precision mobile station, X ray source and X ray receiver plate all are connected with central control system.
5. The X-ray based material internal 3D imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the precision moving platform comprises a precision sample rotating platform, a precision xy moving platform and a precision z moving platform, wherein the precision sample rotating platform is installed on the base, the precision xy moving platform is installed on the precision sample rotating platform, the precision z moving platform is installed on the precision xy moving platform, and a workpiece is placed on the precision z moving platform.
6. The X-ray based material internal 3D imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein: a double-tube X-ray source and a single-tube X-ray source are loaded on the X-ray source xy moving table side by side.
7. The X-ray based material internal 3D imaging apparatus of claim 4, wherein: and a shock insulation air cushion is arranged between the rack and the base.
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Application publication date: 20201023 |