CN111811924B - Infrared test method for judging rock capacity expansion starting point - Google Patents
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- CN111811924B CN111811924B CN202010640450.2A CN202010640450A CN111811924B CN 111811924 B CN111811924 B CN 111811924B CN 202010640450 A CN202010640450 A CN 202010640450A CN 111811924 B CN111811924 B CN 111811924B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The application discloses an infrared test method for judging rock expansion starting points, which comprises the steps of calculating average stress values of expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples, determining infrared high-temperature point thresholds corresponding to the target rock samples by adopting a percentile method according to the average stress values, carrying out statistical analysis on a high-temperature point scale factor range from the expansion starting points to peak stress of the target rock samples by adopting a frequency distribution histogram, defining infrared expansion precursor points, analyzing AIRT curves after the infrared expansion precursor points, searching nodes with changing rates of the AIRT curves as the expansion starting points of the rock samples, and judging the rock expansion starting points by adopting an infrared method so that the process for judging the rock expansion starting points is simpler and has strong operability.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rock mechanics tests, in particular to an infrared test method for judging rock capacity expansion starting points.
Background
The destabilization process of geotechnical engineering such as mines, slopes, tunnels and the like is accompanied with the expansion phenomenon of rock (body), and the research on the expansion characteristics of various engineering rock bodies has important significance for evaluating the stability of the engineering rock bodies. The scholars point out that the stress level of the expansion starting point can be used as one of indexes for evaluating the development degree of the internal pores and micro cracks of the rock and also can be used as one of early warning stress of rock damage. In fact, the rock is extended and the rock is destroyed when the expansion start point starts to occur, for example, the expansion start point is used as a precursor point of rock destruction, so that the rock is safer and more reliable. During the loading (including capacity expansion) of the rock, information such as sound, heat and electricity including infrared radiation can be released. Infrared radiation is one of the effective means for monitoring rock damage, and has the advantages of non-contact, strong anti-interference performance and the like. Although a great deal of research is carried out on the infrared radiation characteristics in the rock breaking process by students, the research of discriminating the rock dilatation starting point by adopting infrared radiation is not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an infrared test method for judging a rock capacity expansion starting point, and aims to provide a method for judging the rock capacity expansion starting point, which is simple in working procedure and high in operability.
The application provides an infrared test method for judging rock capacity expansion starting point, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a volume strain curve and infrared radiation information of a target rock sample in the process of loading until fracture, defining a capacity expansion starting point corresponding to the target rock sample through the volume strain curve, and calculating average stress values of the capacity expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples;
determining an infrared high-temperature point threshold corresponding to the target rock sample by adopting a percentile method according to the average stress value;
carrying out statistical analysis on a high-temperature point scale factor range from a capacity expansion starting point to peak stress of the target rock sample by adopting a frequency distribution histogram, and defining an infrared capacity expansion precursor point;
and analyzing the AIRT curve after the infrared capacity expansion precursor point, searching a node with the rate variation of the AIRT curve larger than a preset threshold value, and selecting the node as a capacity expansion starting point of the rock sample.
According to the embodiment of the application, the average stress values of the expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples are calculated, the infrared high-temperature point threshold value corresponding to the target rock samples is determined according to the average stress values, then the frequency distribution histogram is adopted to carry out statistical analysis on the high-temperature point scale factor range from the expansion starting point to the peak stress of the target rock samples, the infrared expansion precursor points are defined, the AIRT curve after the infrared expansion precursor points is analyzed, the node with the changing rate of the AIRT curve is searched to be used as the expansion starting point of the rock samples, and the rock expansion starting point is judged through the infrared method, so that the process of judging the rock sample expansion starting point is simpler and the operability is strong.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an infrared test method for discriminating rock capacity expansion starting points provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an infrared radiation observation system for a target rock sample according to an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion starting point provided by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is an AIRT rising rock sample volume strain-stress-AIRT diagram of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating rock capacity expansion initiation points provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an AIRT drop down rock sample volume strain-stress-AIRT plot for a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating rock capacity expansion initiation points provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a temperature scale factor of a rising type rock sample of a preset percentile of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion starting point according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of temperature scale factors for a descending rock sample at a preset percentile of a target rock sample for an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion starting point, provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a high temperature point scale factor for a rising type rock sample of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion start point according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a high temperature point scale factor curve of a descending-type rock sample of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion starting point provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a high temperature point scale factor frequency distribution histogram of a rising type rock sample of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion starting point provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a high temperature point scale factor frequency distribution histogram of a descending-type rock sample of a target rock sample of an infrared test method for discriminating a rock capacity expansion start point according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
According to national standard GB/T2356 'method for measuring physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock', a uniaxial compression test of rock is carried out, an infrared thermal imager is placed at a position which is 1m away from the front of a test piece in the process, clocks of a press, a strain gauge and the infrared thermal imager are adjusted to be consistent, and the press, the strain gauge and the infrared thermal imager synchronously record information such as stress, strain and infrared radiation of a rock sample.
Test data processing:
volume strain (. Epsilon.) V ) Is a physical quantity that characterizes the degree of change in the volume of the bearing rock. Defining the volume strain according to the material mechanics is:
ε v ＝(V 0 -V)/V 0
wherein: epsilon v For volume strain, V 0 V are the volumes of the test piece before and after deformation respectively.
For the cuboid test pieces:
ε V ＝ε 1 +ε 2 +ε 3
wherein: epsilon 1 Epsilon for longitudinal strain 2 And epsilon 3 Is the transverse strain.
For the cylindrical test piece, there are:
ε v ＝(1+ε x ) 2 (1+ε y )-1
wherein: epsilon x 、ε y The strain values measured in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the cylinder are respectively obtained.
High temperature point threshold
In the infrared thermogram, a sampling point at which a temperature value exceeds a certain critical value is referred to as a high temperature point, and the critical value is referred to as a high temperature point threshold. Arranging all temperature points in the infrared thermal image corresponding to the average stress level of the expansion starting point of the test piece in an ascending order to obtain a sequence { x (i), i=1, 2,3, …, n }, and then calculating the alpha percentile as follows:
x α ＝(1-α)x j -bx j+1
wherein: j is the permutation number of xj in { x (i) }, j=floor (p (n+1)), floor () is a downward rounding function; p is the probability of x alpha or less in { x (i) }, i.e., p=n { xj < x alpha }/N; b is a weight coefficient, b=p (n+1) -j; and alpha is rounded between 0 and 99, and the value after the alpha percentile is the high temperature point.
High temperature point scaling factor
In the infrared thermal image, the ratio of the number of the high temperature points to the total number of the temperature points is defined as a high temperature point scaling factor, and the formula is as follows:
wherein: m is the number of high temperature points in the infrared thermal image, and M is the total number of temperature points in the infrared thermal image.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an infrared test method for determining a rock capacity expansion start point according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 1, the infrared test method for discriminating the rock capacity expansion starting point comprises steps S101 to S104.
Step S101: and acquiring a volume strain curve and infrared radiation information of the target rock sample in the process of loading until the target rock sample is broken, defining a capacity expansion starting point corresponding to the target rock sample through the volume strain curve, and calculating average stress values of the capacity expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2-4, an infrared radiation detection device is used to detect and store infrared radiation information (original infrared thermal image sequence chart) in the rock loading process until fracture, a volume expansion starting point is defined according to a volume strain curve, the lowest point of the volume strain curve is defined as the volume expansion starting point, and the average stress level of all the test piece volume expansion starting points is calculated. In fig. 2, 1 is a target rock sample, 2 is a strain gauge, 3 is a press, 4 is a strain monitoring system, 5 is an infrared monitoring system, and 6 is a thermal infrared imager.
Step S102: and determining an infrared high-temperature point threshold corresponding to the target rock sample by adopting a percentile method according to the average stress value.
Step S103: and adopting frequency distribution histograms as shown in fig. 9 and 10 to carry out statistical analysis on the scale factor range from the expansion starting point to the high temperature point of peak stress of the target rock sample, and defining an infrared expansion precursor point.
Step S104: and analyzing the AIRT curve after the infrared capacity expansion precursor point, searching a node with the rate variation of the AIRT curve larger than a preset threshold value, and selecting the node as a capacity expansion starting point of the rock sample.
Specifically, for the infrared expansion precursor point to peak stress stage, the AIRT rising rate after rising type rock sample expansion starting point is accelerated, and the AIRT falling rate after falling type rock sample expansion starting point is reduced. For example: the stress level of the infrared expansion precursor point of the rock sample is 0.44-0.79 sigma max (average 0.61 sigma max), wherein the stress level of the infrared expansion precursor point of the AIRT rising rock sample is 0.44-0.65 sigma max (average 0.58 sigma max), and the distance from the expansion starting point is 0.04-0.29 sigma max (average 0.16 sigma max); the stress level of the infrared expansion precursor point of the AIRT descent rising rock sample is 0.54-0.79 sigma max (average 0.65 sigma max), and the distance from the expansion starting point is 0.04-0.22 sigma max (average 0.15 sigma max). The infrared precursor point of the expansion occurs before the rock expansion starting point, and can be used as an initial criterion of rock expansion and also can be used as an early precursor point of rock damage. For AIRT declining rock, the AIRT curve can be analyzed to find the point with AIRT rate change greater than 0.28X10-4 ℃ s-1, which is the expansion start point. For AIRT rising rock, because the AIRT speed changes in the initial stage of rock loading, the changing point of AIRT speed in the initial stage of loading can be eliminated by adopting the infrared precursor point of expansion, then the AIRT curve after the infrared precursor point of expansion is analyzed, and the point with the AIRT speed change amount larger than 0.35 multiplied by 10 < -4 > DEG C s < -1 > is found, and the point is the infrared expansion starting point.
Specifically, the average stress values of the expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples are calculated, the infrared high-temperature point threshold value corresponding to the target rock samples is determined according to the average stress values, then the frequency distribution histogram is adopted to carry out statistical analysis on the high-temperature point scale factor range from the expansion starting point to the peak stress of the target rock samples, the infrared expansion precursor points are defined, the AIRT curve after the infrared expansion precursor points is analyzed, the node with the changing rate of the AIRT curve is found to be used as the expansion starting point of the rock samples, and the rock expansion starting point is judged through the infrared method, so that the process of judging the rock sample expansion starting point is simpler and the operability is strong.
In an embodiment, the determining the infrared high temperature point threshold corresponding to the target rock sample according to the average stress value includes arranging a frame of infrared thermal image sequence of each group of the target rock sample corresponding to the average stress value in an ascending order, drawing a high temperature point scale factor-time curve corresponding to a plurality of preset percentile points in the infrared thermal image sequence, and selecting a percentile point corresponding to a high temperature point scale factor-time curve with a linear and highest correlation coefficient between the high temperature point scale factor and time before peak stress as the infrared high temperature point threshold.
Referring to fig. 5 to fig. 8, specifically, a frame of infrared thermal image sequence corresponding to the average stress level of the expansion start point of the test piece is arranged in an ascending order, for example, high temperature point scale factors-time curves corresponding to 60 th, 70 th and 80 th percentiles may be drawn, and the percentiles of the curves, which are linear with time and have the highest correlation coefficients before the peak stress, in the 60 th, 70 th and 80 th percentiles are selected as the infrared high temperature point threshold.
In one embodiment, the defining the infrared expansion precursor point includes taking as the infrared expansion precursor point a high temperature point scaling factor closest to the expansion start point outside the range of high temperature point scaling factors.
In an embodiment, if the high temperature point scale factor-time curve is an ascending curve, the infrared expansion precursor point is selected on the left side of the high temperature point scale factor range, and if the high temperature point scale factor-time curve is a descending curve, the infrared expansion precursor point is selected on the right side of the high temperature point scale factor range.
While the application has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. An infrared test method for judging rock capacity expansion starting point is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a volume strain curve and infrared radiation information of a target rock sample in the process of loading until fracture, defining a capacity expansion starting point corresponding to the target rock sample through the volume strain curve, and calculating average stress values of the capacity expansion starting points of a plurality of target rock samples; the lowest point of the volume strain curve is set as a capacity expansion starting point;
determining an infrared high-temperature point threshold corresponding to the target rock sample by adopting a percentile method according to the average stress value;
carrying out statistical analysis on a high-temperature point scale factor range from a capacity expansion starting point to peak stress of the target rock sample by adopting a frequency distribution histogram, and defining an infrared capacity expansion precursor point;
analyzing an AIRT curve after an infrared capacity expansion precursor point, searching a node with the rate variation of the AIRT curve larger than a preset threshold value, and selecting the node as a capacity expansion starting point of a rock sample;
the determining the infrared high temperature point threshold corresponding to the target rock sample according to the average stress value comprises the following steps: arranging one frame of infrared thermal image sequence of each group of target rock samples corresponding to the average stress value in an ascending order, drawing a high-temperature point scale factor-time curve corresponding to a plurality of preset percentile points in the infrared thermal image sequence, and selecting a percentile point corresponding to a high-temperature point scale factor-time curve with the highest correlation coefficient, wherein the high-temperature point scale factor is linear with time before peak stress, as an infrared high-temperature point threshold value;
the definition of the infrared capacity expansion precursor point comprises taking a high-temperature point scale factor closest to the capacity expansion starting point outside the range of the high-temperature point scale factor as the infrared capacity expansion precursor point;
and if the high-temperature point scale factor-time curve is an ascending curve, the infrared capacity expansion precursor point is selected at the left side of the high-temperature point scale factor range, and if the high-temperature point scale factor-time curve is a descending curve, the infrared capacity expansion precursor point is selected at the right side of the high-temperature point scale factor range.
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