CN111811451A - Method for measuring space displacement between lateral deviation parallel plates - Google Patents

Method for measuring space displacement between lateral deviation parallel plates Download PDF

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CN111811451A
CN111811451A CN202010543631.3A CN202010543631A CN111811451A CN 111811451 A CN111811451 A CN 111811451A CN 202010543631 A CN202010543631 A CN 202010543631A CN 111811451 A CN111811451 A CN 111811451A
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cover plate
upper cover
air spring
centroid
pull rope
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CN111811451B (en
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张红辉
邹致远
安娜
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Chongqing University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the space displacement between lateral deviation parallel plates, which comprises the following steps: 1) three stay cord displacement sensors are arranged on a lower cover plate of the air spring; 2) one pull rope is respectively pulled out from the three pull rope displacement sensors and is fixed on an upper cover plate of the air spring; 3) applying a lateral force to the air spring to enable the upper cover plate to laterally deviate relative to the lower cover plate; 4) establishing a simulation model of the air spring through a computing mechanism; 5) calculating the centroid space coordinates of the upper cover plate; 6) calculating the offset angle and the offset distance of the upper cover plate according to the centroid space coordinate of the upper cover plate; the invention is based on the pull rope type displacement sensing principle, and realizes the axial displacement measurement of air springs and the like under the condition of large lateral offset displacement.

Description

Method for measuring space displacement between lateral deviation parallel plates
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of displacement sensing and measurement, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the space displacement between lateral deviation parallel plates.
Background
The displacement measurement is one of the common technical problems in the sensing technical field, and particularly, in the sensing type, the displacement measurement can be realized by a plurality of technologies such as a strain resistance type, a sliding resistance type, a capacitance type, a self-inductance type, a mutual inductance type, a piezoelectric type, a magnetoelectric type and the like. In the field of structural displacement measurement, people are mainly concerned about axial displacement. The strain resistance type, pole-distance-variable capacitance type and self-induction type sensing principles can be applied to small displacement measurement occasions, and even can meet the micron-scale measurement precision requirement; for the occasion of measuring larger displacement, the LVDT sensor based on the mutual inductance solenoid type, the coaxial cylinder type capacitance sensor and the like can be sufficient.
However, in some engineering technical occasions, large spatial displacement measurement concerned by people is often accompanied by large-degree lateral deviation movement, and the LVDT sensor, the coaxial cylindrical capacitance sensor and the like have high requirements on coaxiality, so that spatial displacement measurement under the lateral deviation condition cannot be realized, and the train air suspension is a typical example. With the increasing proportion of high-speed motor train units in railway passenger transport in China, the safety and comfort of the high-speed motor train units are more and more emphasized, and the air spring suspension device has a huge effect in this respect. The analysis and improvement of the air spring suspension device play a vital role in advancing the railways to the high-speed times in China.
Generally, the axial displacement of the air spring is tens of millimeters, and the lateral offset displacement of the air spring can reach the order of tens of millimeters. As shown in fig. 3, the air spring is installed between the vehicle body and the bogie, and is used for buffering vibration and impact from the rail, improving comfort and ensuring safe operation of the train. The air spring needs to realize different buffer characteristics by adjusting the internal air pressure, but when a train turns, accelerates or decelerates or moves in a snake shape, the air spring can bear large lateral force, so that lateral deviation movement is caused, and therefore the air spring needs to measure the spatial displacement of the air spring for judging whether the air spring meets the technical requirements or not.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the method for measuring the space displacement between the lateral deviation parallel plates comprises the following steps:
1) and three pull rope displacement sensors are arranged on the lower cover plate of the air spring, and the installation positions of the three pull rope displacement sensors are respectively recorded as D, E, F. D. E, F are connected in an equilateral triangle, the centroid of which is located on the lower deck axis.
2) One of the three pull rope displacement sensors is pulled out and fixed on an upper cover plate of the air spring, and fixing points are recorded as A, B, C in sequence. Wherein, the connecting line of A, B, C is an equilateral triangle, and the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC is positioned on the axle center of the upper cover plate. The mounting position of each pull rope sensor corresponds to the fixed point of the pull rope one by one and is positioned at the same azimuth angle.
3) And applying a lateral force to the air spring to enable the upper cover plate to laterally deviate relative to the lower cover plate.
4) After lateral deviation, the lengths of AD, BE and CF measured by three pull rope sensors are l1、l2、l3. Building a simulation model of the air spring through a computer, projecting three D, E, F points after deviation onto a plane where an equilateral triangle ABC is located to obtain D ', E' and F ', and making the centroid of the equilateral triangle D' E 'F' be O1. And recording the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC as O, and establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system xOy by taking the centroid O of the equilateral triangle ABC as an origin. Wherein OA-0B-OC-r0，O1D′＝O1E′＝O1F′＝r1。
5) The centroid space coordinates of the upper cover plate are computed. Let A (0, r)0)，
Figure BDA0002539780380000021
Figure BDA0002539780380000022
Let O be1(m, n) then: d' (m, n + r)1)，
Figure BDA0002539780380000023
Figure BDA0002539780380000024
On plane ABC:
Figure BDA0002539780380000025
in space:
Figure BDA0002539780380000026
in the formula (2), h is the axial distance between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate behind the side piece.
According to the formulas (1) and (2), the space coordinate of the centroid of the upper cover plate is calculated as.
Figure BDA0002539780380000027
In the formula (3), K ═ r1-r0,
Figure BDA0002539780380000031
6) And calculating the offset angle and the offset distance of the upper cover plate according to the centroid space coordinate of the upper cover plate.
The offset angle is:
Figure BDA0002539780380000032
the offset distance is:
Figure BDA0002539780380000033
further, the air spring is a free-film air spring.
The invention has the advantages that the invention realizes the axial displacement measurement of the air spring and the like under the condition of larger lateral offset displacement based on the pull rope type displacement sensing principle, and controls and adjusts the air pressure in the air spring to realize different buffer characteristics by analyzing the axial displacement data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a pull cord displacement sensor and a pull cord attachment point;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement principle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the installation of a prior art air spring.
In the figure: lower cover plate 1, upper cover plate 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 1, an air spring is formed by a rubber air bag clamped between an upper cover plate 2 and a lower cover plate 1, the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are base bodies of the air bag and are also bases for connecting the air spring with a bogie and a vehicle body, and various components such as an air charging and discharging port are also arranged on the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate. When the air spring is subjected to a lateral force, the image capsule is subjected to shear deformation, thereby causing lateral displacement.
The space displacement measuring method comprises the following steps:
1) three pull rope displacement sensors are arranged on a lower cover plate 1 of the air spring, the air spring adopts a free membrane type air spring, the free membrane type air spring has lower lateral deflection rigidity, and the degree of lateral deflection displacement is more severe; the mounting positions of the three pull rope displacement sensors are respectively recorded as D, E, F; D. e, F is an equilateral triangle, the centroid of the equilateral triangle DEF is located on the axial center of the lower cover plate 1;
2) respectively pulling out a pull rope from the three pull rope displacement sensors, fixing the pull ropes on the upper cover plate 2 of the air spring, and recording the fixing points as A, B, C in sequence; wherein, the connecting line of A, B, C is an equilateral triangle, the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC is positioned on the axle center of the upper cover plate 2; the mounting position of each pull rope sensor corresponds to the fixed point of the pull rope one by one and is positioned at the same azimuth angle;
3) applying a lateral force to the air spring to enable the upper cover plate 2 to laterally deviate relative to the lower cover plate 1;
it is assumed that the relative rotational movement between the upper and lower cover plates is not taken into account and that the upper cover plate 1 is always parallel with respect to the lower cover plate 2.
In the initial state (when no lateral deviation displacement occurs), the radius r of the circumference where the pull rope sensor is located can be determined1And the circumferential radius r of the rope-fixing point0。
4) After lateral deviationThe lengths of the three pull rope sensors for measuring AD, BE and CF are respectively l1、l2、l3And outputting the length data to a computer; building a simulation model of the air spring through a computer, projecting three D, E, F points after deviation onto a plane where an equilateral triangle ABC is located to obtain D ', E' and F ', and making the centroid of the equilateral triangle D' E 'F' be O1(ii) a Recording the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC as O, and establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system xOy by taking the centroid O of the equilateral triangle ABC as an origin, referring to FIG. 2; when the lateral deviation occurs, the positions of D, E, and F of the pull rope sensor and the position of the pull rope fixing point are not changed, so that OA-0B-OC-r0，O1D′＝O1E′＝O1F′＝r1；
5) The centroid space coordinates of the upper cover plate 2 are calculated; let A (0, r)0)，
Figure BDA0002539780380000041
Figure BDA0002539780380000042
Let O be1(m, n) then: d' (m, n + r)1)，
Figure BDA0002539780380000043
Figure BDA0002539780380000044
On plane ABC, there are:
Figure BDA0002539780380000045
in space, there are:
Figure BDA0002539780380000046
in the formula (2), h is the axial distance between the upper cover plate 2 and the lower cover plate 1 behind the side piece;
formula (1) is substituted for formula (2) to obtain:
Figure BDA0002539780380000051
Figure BDA0002539780380000052
Figure BDA0002539780380000053
solving a system of equations:
(5) formula (4) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002539780380000054
wherein, K ═ r1-r0,
Figure BDA0002539780380000055
(5) The formula (3) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002539780380000056
(4) the formula (3) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002539780380000057
(7) formula + (8):
Figure BDA0002539780380000058
finally, h is obtained by substituting equations (6) and (9) into equation (4):
Figure BDA0002539780380000059
in summary, after lateral deviation, the spatial coordinates of the centroid of the upper cover plate 2 are:
Figure BDA00025397803800000510
6) calculating the offset angle and the offset distance of the upper cover plate 2 according to the centroid space coordinate of the upper cover plate 2;
the offset angle is:
Figure BDA00025397803800000511
the offset distance is:
Figure BDA00025397803800000512
this embodiment has realized air spring axial displacement measurement under having the condition of great sideslip displacement through arranging stay cord formula displacement sensor, and whether reach standard through analysis axial displacement data, the inside atmospheric pressure of adjustment air spring of being convenient for realizes different buffer characteristic.

Claims (2)

1. The method for measuring the space displacement between the laterally deviated parallel plates is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) three stay cord displacement sensors are arranged on a lower cover plate (1) of the air spring; the mounting positions of the three pull rope displacement sensors are respectively recorded as D, E, F; D. e, F is an equilateral triangle, the centroid of the equilateral triangle DEF is located on the axial center of the lower cover plate (1);
2) one pull rope is respectively pulled out from the three pull rope displacement sensors and is fixed on an upper cover plate (2) of the air spring, and the fixed points are recorded as A, B, C in sequence; wherein, the connecting line of A, B, C is an equilateral triangle, and the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC is positioned on the axle center of the upper cover plate (2). The mounting position of each pull rope sensor corresponds to the fixed point of the pull rope one by one and is positioned at the same azimuth angle;
3) applying a lateral force to the air spring to enable the upper cover plate (2) to laterally deviate relative to the lower cover plate (1);
4) after lateral deviation, the lengths of AD, BE and CF measured by three pull rope sensors are l1、l2、l3(ii) a A simulation model of the air spring is built through a computer, and the D, E, F three points after deflection are projectedTo the plane of the equilateral triangle ABC to obtain D ', E' and F ', and making the centroid of the equilateral triangle D' E 'F' be O1(ii) a Recording the centroid of the equilateral triangle ABC as O, and establishing a plane rectangular coordinate system xOy by taking the centroid O of the equilateral triangle ABC as an origin; wherein OA-0B-OC-r0，O1D′＝O1E′＝O1F′＝r1；
5) -computing the centroid space coordinates of the upper cover plate (2); let A (0, r)0)，
Figure FDA0002539780370000011
Figure FDA0002539780370000012
Let O be1(m, n) then: d' (m, n + r)1)，
Figure FDA0002539780370000013
Figure FDA0002539780370000014
On plane ABC:
Figure FDA0002539780370000015
in space:
Figure FDA0002539780370000016
in the formula (2), h is the axial distance between the upper cover plate (2) and the lower cover plate (1) after the side piece;
according to the formulas (1) and (2), the space coordinate of the centroid of the upper cover plate (2) is calculated as:
Figure FDA0002539780370000021
in the formula (3), K ═ r1-r0,
Figure FDA0002539780370000022
6) Calculating the offset angle and the offset distance of the upper cover plate (2) according to the centroid space coordinate of the upper cover plate (2);
the offset angle is:
Figure FDA0002539780370000023
the offset distance is:
Figure FDA0002539780370000024
2. the method for measuring the spatial displacement between the offset parallel plates as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the air spring is a free film type air spring.
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CN105258662A (en) * 2015-10-15 2016-01-20 哈尔滨工程大学 Method for measuring end face spatial displacement and angular variation of shafting engineering member on the basis of stay-supported displacement sensors
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KR20190033247A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-29 르노삼성자동차 주식회사 Apparatus for measuring a pitching angle of powertrain
CN111121641A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-05-08 潍柴动力股份有限公司 Device and method for measuring deviation of combined navigation antenna of intelligent driving vehicle

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CN102636139A (en) * 2012-04-12 2012-08-15 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Six-displacement-sensor dynamic measuring method of space six-degree-of-freedom movement
CN106556388A (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-04-05 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 The measurement apparatus of movement locus of object, measuring method and caliberating device
CN105258662A (en) * 2015-10-15 2016-01-20 哈尔滨工程大学 Method for measuring end face spatial displacement and angular variation of shafting engineering member on the basis of stay-supported displacement sensors
KR20190033247A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-29 르노삼성자동차 주식회사 Apparatus for measuring a pitching angle of powertrain
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