CN111811268A - Layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace and control method thereof - Google Patents
Layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111811268A CN111811268A CN202010550247.6A CN202010550247A CN111811268A CN 111811268 A CN111811268 A CN 111811268A CN 202010550247 A CN202010550247 A CN 202010550247A CN 111811268 A CN111811268 A CN 111811268A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/08—Apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
- F27D11/10—Disposition of electrodes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace and a control method thereof. The electrode system comprises an upper electrode holder, a lower electrode holder, an electrode copper tile, a middle shaft cathode, a peripheral hollow cathode, a furnace bottom anode, a power supply, a transformer, a motor crawler device, a master control computer and a voltmeter. The furnace body comprises a furnace cover, a furnace shell, a furnace lining, a furnace body support, a water pump and a thermocouple. By arranging the peripheral hollow cathode electrode, current can flow through the furnace burden close to the side of the furnace lining. Compared with the traditional single-electrode submerged arc melting furnace, the layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace has the advantages that not only the joule heat extreme value is reduced, but also the distribution range of joule heat in the furnace is enlarged, the problem of uneven distribution of furnace charge heat in the furnace is effectively solved, meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of energy in the furnace and the melting rate of the furnace charge are also improved, and the layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace can be widely applied to the metallurgical and chemical industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metallurgical chemical production, and particularly relates to a layered combined electrode submerged arc smelting furnace and a control method thereof.
Background
The ore smelting furnace is used as an important part of industrial production and is widely applied to the smelting process of steel and non-ferrous metals. In recent years, with the development of society and the progress of science and technology, the requirements on energy consumption, productivity and emission of the submerged arc melting furnace are higher and higher, and a novel enhanced heat exchange technology and an optimal design method of the submerged arc melting furnace are continuously applied to the submerged arc melting furnace. In the prior art, most electrodes of a submerged arc melting furnace are cylindrical electrodes, and when the electrodes are inserted into a charging material to perform submerged arc operation, the metal is melted by resistance heat generated when energy and current of electric arcs at the ends of the electrodes flow through the charging material. However, with such an arrangement, the heat in the furnace is intensively distributed at the end part of the electrode, the distribution nonuniformity of the heat in the furnace is very obvious, the heat generated by a large amount of electric energy in the central area of the furnace body is used for the melted furnace charge, and the furnace charge at the edge position such as the furnace wall can only receive the heat through two heat transport modes of heat conduction and natural convection, so that the smelting performance of the submerged arc smelting furnace is seriously weakened. In conclusion, how to effectively improve the problem of uneven heat distribution in the submerged arc melting furnace is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace and a control method thereof, wherein the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace can reduce the extreme value of joule heat in the furnace, enlarge the distribution range of the joule heat in the furnace, effectively solve the problem of uneven distribution of heat in furnace burden in the furnace, and simultaneously improve the utilization efficiency of energy in the furnace and the melting rate of the furnace burden.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace of the invention comprises an electrode system and a furnace body system, wherein the electrode system comprises a first motor crawler device and a second motor crawler device which are connected with a master control computer, an upper electrode holder and a lower electrode holder are respectively fixed on the first motor crawler device and the second motor crawler device, the upper electrode holder and the lower electrode holder respectively clamp a central shaft cathode electrode and a peripheral hollow cathode electrode through electrode copper tiles, the central shaft cathode electrode penetrates through the peripheral hollow cathode electrode, a furnace body is arranged at the lower ends of the central shaft cathode electrode and the peripheral hollow cathode electrode, the central shaft cathode electrode and the peripheral hollow cathode electrode are inserted into the furnace body, the furnace body system comprises a furnace shell with a hollow structure and a cooling water inlet and outlet, a furnace body support with a hollow structure and a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is arranged at the top and the bottom of the furnace shell, a furnace lining is arranged at the inner side of the furnace body, and a furnace bottom anode, the upper electrode holder is connected with one side electrode of the transformer, and the other side electrode of the transformer is connected with a power supply; the lower electrode holder is connected with a power supply; a first voltmeter and a second voltmeter for monitoring voltage are respectively arranged between the upper electrode holder and the transformer and between the lower electrode holder and the power supply, a water pump and a water inlet thermocouple are arranged at a cooling water inlet supported by the furnace shell and the furnace body, and a water outlet thermocouple for monitoring water temperature is arranged at an outlet of the water pump and the water inlet thermocouple.
The middle shaft cathode electrode, the peripheral hollow cathode electrode, the furnace shell, the furnace lining and the furnace bottom anode electrode are coaxially arranged.
The distance from the end part of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode to the upper part of the anode electrode at the furnace bottom is 1.0-2.0 times of the distance from the end part of the cathode electrode at the central axis to the upper part of the anode electrode at the furnace bottom.
The cross sectional area of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode is 1.0-1.5 times of that of the central shaft cathode electrode.
The absolute value of the voltage loaded to the central axis cathode electrode is 0.8-0.9 times of the absolute value of the voltage loaded to the peripheral hollow cathode electrode.
The transformer and the voltmeter are also respectively connected with a master control computer.
The water pump, the water inlet thermocouple and the water outlet thermocouple are respectively connected with a master control computer.
The power supply is a direct current power supply or an alternating current power supply.
The control method of the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, a motor crawler device is controlled by a master control computer to drive a peripheral hollow cathode electrode and a central shaft cathode electrode to be inserted into a furnace lining;
2) adding raw material ore until furnace burden completely submerges the end part of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode;
3) pumping cooling water into the furnace shell and the furnace body support through a water pump, observing numerical values on a thermocouple at a water inlet and a thermocouple at a water outlet, and regulating the water pump to increase the flow rate of the cooling water through a master control computer if the numerical values exceed a set temperature;
3) the power supply is turned on and the transformer is adjusted to enable the voltage value U of the first voltmeter1Is the voltage value U of the second voltmeter (16)20.8 to 0.9 times of;
4) during smelting, U1And U2All will fluctuate, and at the moment, the transformer is adjusted through the master control computer to keep U1＝(0.8～0.9)U2The relationship of (1);
5) after smelting is finished, firstly, the power supply is turned off, then the motor crawler device is controlled by the master control computer to drive the peripheral hollow cathode electrode and the central shaft cathode electrode to leave the furnace lining, and then the discharge hole on the furnace shell is opened to discharge liquid ore and furnace slag.
The raw material ore is iron ore, chromium ore, manganese ore, silica, ferrosilicon, waste iron, calcium oxide or carbonaceous reducing agent.
The submerged arc melting furnace provided by the invention has reasonable structural design, and can effectively heat the furnace burden at each position in the furnace by arranging different immersion depth electrodes in the furnace burden, so that the problem of uneven heat distribution in the submerged arc melting furnace can be effectively solved, the melting reduction time of the furnace burden in the furnace is obviously shortened, the utilization efficiency of electric energy in the furnace is obviously improved, and the submerged arc melting furnace can be widely applied to the metallurgical and chemical industries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the submerged arc melting furnace configuration of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an electrode system of the submerged arc melting furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison cloud chart of the distribution of Joule heat in a traditional ore-smelting furnace and a layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace when smelting h13 die steel;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the melting rate of the furnace charge of the conventional submerged arc furnace and the layered combined electrode submerged arc furnace as a function of time;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the voltage of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode on the energy utilization efficiency (melting rate 90%).
Number designation in the figures: 1. the furnace comprises an upper electrode holder, 2 a lower electrode holder, 3 an electrode copper tile, 4 a central shaft cathode, 5 a peripheral hollow cathode, 6 a furnace cover, 7 a furnace shell, 8 a furnace lining, 9 a furnace body support, 10 a furnace bottom anode, 11 a power supply, 12 a transformer, 13 a first motor crawler belt device, 13-1 a second motor crawler belt device, 14 a master control computer, 15 a first voltmeter, 16 a second voltmeter, 17 a water pump, 18 a water inlet thermocouple, and 18-1 a water outlet thermocouple.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace of the invention comprises an electrode system and a furnace body system, wherein the electrode system comprises a first motor crawler device 13 and a second motor crawler device 13-1 which are connected with a master control computer 14, an upper electrode holder 1 and a lower electrode holder 2 are respectively fixed on the first motor crawler device 13 and the second motor crawler device 13-1, the upper electrode holder 1 and the lower electrode holder 2 respectively clamp a central shaft cathode 4 and a peripheral hollow cathode 5 through an electrode copper tile 3, the central shaft cathode 4 passes through the peripheral hollow cathode 5, the furnace body is arranged at the lower ends of the central shaft cathode 4 and the peripheral hollow cathode 5, the central shaft cathode 4 and the peripheral hollow cathode 5 are inserted into the furnace body, the furnace body system comprises a furnace shell 7 with a hollow structure and cooling water inlet and outlet, a furnace cover 6 is arranged at the top of the furnace shell 7, and a hollow structure and cooling water inlet and outlet are arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell 7, A furnace body support 9 at the outlet, a furnace lining 8 arranged on the inner side of a furnace shell 7, a furnace bottom anode 10 connected with a power supply 11 arranged in the furnace body at the upper part of the furnace body support 9, an upper electrode holder 1 connected with one side electrode of a transformer 12, and the other side electrode of the transformer 12 connected with the power supply 11; the lower electrode holder 2 is connected with a power supply 11; first and second voltmeters 15 and 16 for monitoring voltage are respectively arranged between the upper electrode holder 1 and the transformer 12 and between the lower electrode holder 2 and the power supply 11, a water pump 17 and a water inlet thermocouple 18 are arranged at a cooling water inlet of the furnace shell 7 and the furnace body support 9, and a water outlet thermocouple 18-1 for monitoring water temperature is arranged at an outlet of the furnace shell.
Wherein, the middle shaft cathode electrode 4, the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5, the furnace shell 7, the furnace lining 8 and the furnace bottom anode electrode 10 are coaxially arranged; the distance from the end part of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5 to the upper part of the furnace bottom anode electrode 10 is 1.0-2.0 times that from the end part of the central shaft cathode electrode 4 to the upper part of the furnace bottom anode electrode 10; the cross sectional area of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5 is 1.0-1.5 times of that of the central axis cathode electrode 4; the absolute value of the voltage loaded to the central axis cathode electrode 4 is 0.8-0.9 times of the absolute value of the voltage loaded to the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5; the transformer 12, the voltage meters 15 and 16, the water pump 17, the water inlet thermocouple 18 and the water outlet thermocouple 18-1 are respectively connected with a master control computer; the power supply 11 is a dc power supply or an ac power supply.
When the ore smelting furnace provided by the invention is applied, the whole working flow is as follows:
1) firstly, a motor crawler belt device 13 is controlled by a master control computer 14 to drive a peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5 and a central shaft cathode electrode 4 to be inserted into a furnace lining 8;
2) adding raw material ore until the furnace burden completely submerges the end part of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5;
3) cooling water is pumped into the furnace shell 7 and the furnace body support 9 through a water pump 17, the numerical values of the thermocouple 18 at the water inlet and the thermocouple 18-1 at the water outlet are observed, and if the numerical values exceed the set temperature, the flow of the cooling water is increased by adjusting the water pump through a master control computer 14;
3) the power supply 11 is turned on and the transformer 12 is adjusted so that the voltage value U of the first voltmeter 151Is the voltage value U of the second voltmeter 1620.8 to 0.9 times of;
4) in the process of smelting, the smelting furnace is provided with a furnace,U1and U2All will fluctuate, and at this time, the transformer 12 is adjusted through the master control computer 14 to keep U1＝(0.8～0.9)U2The relationship of (1);
5) after smelting is finished, the power supply 11 is firstly turned off, then the motor crawler belt device 13 is controlled by the master control computer 14 to drive the peripheral hollow cathode electrode 5 and the central cathode electrode 4 to leave the furnace lining (8), and then the discharge hole on the furnace shell 7 is opened to discharge liquid ore and furnace slag.
10. The method of controlling a stratified combined electrode ore-heating smelting furnace as claimed in claim 9, wherein the raw material ore is iron ore, chromium ore, manganese ore, silica, ferrosilicon, scrap iron, calcium oxide, or carbonaceous reducing agent.
The numerical simulation experiment method is a mature method for researching the flowing and heat transfer of multiple physical fields, and a plurality of research institutions analyze the distribution condition of the in-furnace physical field of the submerged arc melting furnace and the smelting performance through numerical simulation. In order to facilitate the simulation solution, only furnace burden and electrodes in the furnace are selected for simulation calculation. Fig. 3 is a comparative cloud chart of joule heat distribution in the traditional ore-smelting furnace and the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace when the h13 die steel is smelted, and the comparative chart is shown in the comparative image when the joule heat of the two ore-smelting furnaces is not greatly different. As can be seen from the figure, the heat distribution in the layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace is more uniform because part of the current flows out of the hollow electrode end compared with the traditional submerged arc melting furnace. Compared with the traditional ore smelting furnace, the joule heat extreme value in the furnace is reduced by 20%, and the ore smelting furnace is safer to operate.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the melting rate of the charge materials of the conventional submerged arc melting furnace and the layered combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace as a function of time. As can be seen from the figure, compared to the conventional submerged arc melting furnace, the stratified combined electrode submerged arc melting furnace has a delayed time point at which the furnace charge starts to melt because the joule heat extreme value in the furnace is lowered, and at the start stage, the melting rate of the furnace charge in the furnace has not been high compared to the conventional submerged arc melting furnace. However, as the melting time goes on, the heat distribution in the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace is more uniform, the melting rate of the furnace charge is rapidly increased and exceeds the melting rate of the furnace charge in the traditional ore-smelting furnace in about 4000 s. When the time is 5400s, the melting volume of the furnace charge in the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace reaches 90% of the volume of the furnace charge, and the time of the traditional ore-smelting furnace, when the melting volume of the furnace charge reaches 90% of the volume of the furnace charge, is 5700 s.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the voltage of the peripheral hollow cathode on the energy utilization efficiency when the melting rate of the charge is 90%. As can be seen from the figure, the overall energy utilization efficiency in the furnace is increasing with the increase of the voltage. In the research range, compared with the traditional submerged arc melting furnace, the energy utilization efficiency in the furnace is improved by 5.3 percent on average. Therefore, compared with the traditional ore smelting furnace, the layered combined electrode ore smelting provided by the patent not only accelerates the melting rate of furnace burden, but also improves the energy utilization efficiency, and optimizes the comprehensive smelting performance of the ore smelting furnace.
Claims (10)
1. The ore-smelting furnace with the layered combined electrodes is characterized by comprising an electrode system and a furnace body system, wherein the electrode system comprises a first motor crawler device and a second motor crawler device (13 and 13-1) which are connected with a master control computer (14), an upper electrode holder (1) and a lower electrode holder (2) are respectively fixed on the first motor crawler device and the second motor crawler device (13 and 13-1), the upper electrode holder (1) and the lower electrode holder (2) are respectively clamped with a middle shaft cathode electrode (4) and a peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) through electrode copper tiles (3), the middle shaft cathode electrode (4) penetrates through the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5), the furnace body is arranged at the lower ends of the middle shaft cathode electrode (4) and the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5), the middle shaft cathode electrode (4) and the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) are inserted into the furnace body, and the furnace body system comprises a hollow structure and a cooling water inlet, The furnace comprises a furnace shell (7) with an outlet, wherein a furnace cover (6) is assembled at the top of the furnace shell (7), a hollow furnace body support (9) with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace shell, a furnace lining (8) is arranged on the inner side of the furnace shell (7), a furnace bottom anode electrode (10) connected with a power supply (11) is assembled in the furnace body at the upper part of the furnace body support (9), an upper electrode holder (1) is connected with one side electrode of a transformer (12), and the other side electrode of the transformer (12) is connected with the power supply (; the lower electrode holder (2) is connected with a power supply (11); a first voltmeter (15) and a second voltmeter (16) for monitoring voltage are respectively arranged between the upper electrode holder (1) and the transformer (12) and between the lower electrode holder (2) and the power supply (11), a water pump (17) and a water inlet thermocouple (18) are arranged at cooling water inlets of the furnace shell (7) and the furnace body support (9), and a water outlet thermocouple (18-1) for monitoring water temperature is arranged at an outlet of the furnace shell.
2. The layered combined electrode submerged arc smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the central shaft cathode (4), the peripheral hollow cathode (5), the furnace shell (7), the furnace lining (8) and the furnace bottom anode (10) are coaxially mounted.
3. The layered combined electrode submerged arc smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from the end of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) to the upper part of the hearth anode electrode (10) is 1.0-2.0 times the distance from the end of the central shaft cathode electrode (4) to the upper part of the hearth anode electrode (10).
4. The layered combined electrode submerged arc smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) is 1.0 to 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the central shaft cathode electrode (4).
5. The layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the absolute value of the voltage applied to the central shaft cathode electrode (4) is 0.8 to 0.9 times the absolute value of the voltage applied to the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5).
6. The layered combined electrode ore smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the transformer (12) and the voltmeters (15, 16) are further connected with a master control computer respectively.
7. The layered combined electrode ore smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the water pump (17), the water inlet thermocouple (18) and the water outlet thermocouple (18-1) are respectively connected with a master control computer.
8. The layered combined electrode submerged arc smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply (11) is a direct current power supply or an alternating current power supply.
9. The method for controlling the layered combined electrode ore-smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that:
1) firstly, a motor crawler device (13) is controlled by a master control computer (14) to drive a peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) and a central shaft cathode electrode (4) to be inserted into a furnace lining (8);
2) adding raw material ore until the furnace burden completely submerges the end part of the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5);
3) cooling water is pumped into the furnace shell (7) and the furnace body support (9) through a water pump (17), numerical values on a water inlet thermocouple (18) and a water outlet thermocouple (18-1) are observed, and if the numerical values exceed a set temperature, the water pump (17) is adjusted through a master control computer (14) to increase the flow rate of the cooling water;
3) the power supply (11) is turned on and the transformer (12) is adjusted so that the voltage value U of the first voltmeter (15)1Is the voltage value U of the second voltmeter (16)20.8 to 0.9 times of;
4) during smelting, U1And U2All will fluctuate, and at the moment, the transformer (12) is adjusted through the master control computer (14) to keep U1＝(0.8～0.9)U2The relationship of (1);
5) after smelting is finished, firstly, the power supply (11) is turned off, then the motor crawler belt device (13) is controlled through the master control computer (14), the peripheral hollow cathode electrode (5) and the central shaft cathode electrode (4) are driven to leave the furnace lining (8), and then a discharge hole in the furnace shell (7) is opened to discharge liquid ore and furnace slag.
10. The method of controlling a stratified combined electrode ore-heating smelting furnace as claimed in claim 9, wherein the raw material ore is iron ore, chromium ore, manganese ore, silica, ferrosilicon, scrap iron, calcium oxide, or carbonaceous reducing agent.
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| CN101261078A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-09-10 | 谢西平 | Large-sized DC hollow electrode hermetic submerged arc furnace |
| RU2008138287A (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "НАУЧНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПЛАЗМЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ И СИСТЕМ ЭПОС" (RU) | METHOD FOR CONDUCTING Smelting And A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| CA2902195A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-10-09 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus and method for sintering proppants |
| CN109612280A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-12 | 北京奥邦新材料有限公司 | A kind of bottomless electrode DC mineral hot furnace of multiloop |
| CN210464020U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏积力环保科技有限公司 | Three-phase AC submerged arc furnace |
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2020
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Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5046145A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-09-03 | Hydro-Quebec | Improved arc reactor with advanceable electrode |
| JP3942480B2 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2007-07-11 | 日立造船株式会社 | Plasma melting furnace and starting method thereof |
| JP2005321121A (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-17 | Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd | Electric melting furnace |
| CN101261078A (en) * | 2008-01-03 | 2008-09-10 | 谢西平 | Large-sized DC hollow electrode hermetic submerged arc furnace |
| RU2008138287A (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "НАУЧНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПЛАЗМЕННОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ И СИСТЕМ ЭПОС" (RU) | METHOD FOR CONDUCTING Smelting And A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| CA2902195A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-10-09 | Foret Plasma Labs, Llc | Apparatus and method for sintering proppants |
| CN109612280A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-12 | 北京奥邦新材料有限公司 | A kind of bottomless electrode DC mineral hot furnace of multiloop |
| CN210464020U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-05-05 | 江苏积力环保科技有限公司 | Three-phase AC submerged arc furnace |
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