CN111810239A - Coal mine water inrush risk early warning method and rock mass single fracture development range calculation method - Google Patents
Coal mine water inrush risk early warning method and rock mass single fracture development range calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring, in particular to a coal mine water inrush risk early warning method and a rock mass single fracture development range calculation method, which can carry out quantitative analysis on the damage degree of a water-resisting rock stratum and have high accuracy. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a vibration signal acquisition device to divide a water-resisting rock stratum into a plurality of water-resisting layers; secondly, calculating the development range of the single fracture of the rock mass; thirdly, dividing all microseismic events into water-resisting layers at intervals of time T; fourthly, calculating the energy nuclear density of the single fracture development range of the rock mass in the microseismic event; fifthly, layering each water barrier into W of each gridiaAnd Wi0Comparing; sixthly, overlapping the comparison results in the vertical direction to obtain a ratio N of the number of water-proof layers of the overlapping damage area under the water inrush condition to the total number, and comparing the ratio N with a judgment threshold valueComparing to obtain an early warning result; and seventhly, repeating the steps from two to six. The method solves the problems that the existing water inrush early warning method only can carry out qualitative analysis on the microseismic event and has low precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, in particular to a coal mine water inrush risk early warning method and a rock mass single fracture development range calculation method.
Background
As coal mines in the eastern area of China gradually turn to deep mining, the problem of water inrush due to pressure bearing water of mine bottom plates is increasingly serious. The coal mine floor water inrush process is a damage and fracture process caused by stoping disturbance and pressure-bearing water permeation coupling action of a floor water-resisting rock stratum, the action mechanism of the process is complex, and the influence on coal mine safety production is great. Therefore, monitoring and early warning of the water inrush condition of the coal mine floor is an important measure for preventing the coal mine from water inrush accidents.
At present, the microseismic monitoring technology is a main technical means for monitoring and early warning water inrush of a bottom plate of a current coal mine. The microseismic monitoring technology is used as a powerful geophysical field monitoring method, a rock mass space fracture field evolution model based on a microseismic positioning result is established, and through multi-angle and multi-level display of microseismic events, advanced early warning of monitoring of water inrush of a bottom plate is realized by a multi-field (seepage field, stress field and the like) coupling means. For example, chinese patent document CN110552741A discloses a coal face floor water inrush comprehensive monitoring and early warning system and method, which performs real-time monitoring and graded early warning for goaf portions during and after stoping of a coal mine coal face, determines a monitoring position by combining a numerical simulation method based on a "lower three-zone" theory, monitors a coal face floor damage depth by using a microseismic monitoring subsystem, monitors a coal face floor confined water lifting height by using a multi-frequency continuous electrical monitoring subsystem, calculates a distance between a floor damage lowest point and a confined water lifting highest point, dynamically calculates a floor water inrush coefficient of a floor in the whole working face range by using a floor water inrush coefficient method, and determines a floor water inrush early warning level and performs early warning by using different water inrush coefficients, early warning indications of stress strain, and early warning indications of water temperature and water pressure. However, the above patent documents only propose to adopt the microseismic monitoring subsystem to monitor the fracture condition of the coal mine stope face bottom plate in the stope process, and calculate the bottom plate fracture depth of the central point of each divided region in real time, however, no specific description is given on how to calculate the bottom plate fracture depth based on microseismic original data, that is, the method can only carry out qualitative analysis on the aggregated microseismic events, and has low refinement degree and little practical guidance effect on the coal mine site.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the water inrush monitoring and early warning in the prior art can only carry out qualitative analysis on the concentrated microseismic event, has low refinement degree, and cannot effectively guide the coal mine site to carry out water inrush risk protection, thereby providing a coal mine water inrush risk early warning method and a rock mass single fracture development range calculation method which can carry out quantitative analysis on the damage degree of each area of a water-resisting rock stratum, have high accuracy and can effectively prevent the occurrence of water inrush accidents of a coal mine floor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a coal mine water inrush risk early warning method comprises the following steps:
arranging a vibration signal acquisition device according to the thickness of a waterproof rock stratum of a coal mine bottom plate, and dividing the waterproof rock stratum into a plurality of waterproof layers with the same thickness from top to bottom in the vertical direction;
secondly, the vibration signal acquisition device acquires microseismic event information in real time, and analyzes and calculates the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event according to the acquired microseismic event information;
step three, a preset time period T is separated, and the current time T is comparedx(x is a positive integer) to an initial time T0Dividing all microseismic events collected in a time period into each water-resisting layer according to the spatial positions of the microseismic events;
fourthly, calculating the energy nuclear density of the single fracture development range of the rock body caused by all the microseismic events in each water-resisting layer to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer;
step five, according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result, the energy nuclear density value W of each grid of each water separation layeria(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers, and a is the ordinal number of the grid in the same water-separating layer) and the initial damage warning value W of the layeri0(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers) and, if W is Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition;
step six, overlapping the comparison results of the water separation layers in the vertical direction, keeping the horizontal coordinates consistent, obtaining a ratio N of the number of the water separation layers of the overlapped damage area reaching the water inrush condition to the total number of the water separation layers, and comparing the ratio N with a preset judgment threshold value to obtain a water inrush risk early warning result;
and step seven, repeating the steps two to six.
Preferably, in the second step, the microseismic event information is analyzed to obtain the seismic time, the spatial coordinates, the seismic magnitude, the energy and the horizon of each microseismic event seismic source, and the calculation of the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event includes:
firstly, drawing a grid engineering plan according to data obtained after the microseismic event information is analyzed;
determining the search radius r of each microseismic event according to the size range of a preset seismic sourcem(m is the ordinal number of the microseismic event);
thirdly, in the grid engineering plan, the horizontal coordinate of each microseismic event is taken as the center of a circle and the search radius r ismDetermining a circular area for the radius, assigning energy of each said microseismic event to each mesh of said circular area according to a quadratic kernel function algorithm, the energy value K (x) of each said meshm) The gradient of the change of the quadratic function is formed from the center of the circle to the edge of the circle,
in the formula, rmSearch radius, x, for microseismic event mmX-axis coordinate of microseismic event m, EmIs the energy value of microseismic event m.
Preferably, the fourth step includes:
superposing the energy values distributed to each grid of each water-resisting layer, and calculating to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer;
drawing a contour map according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer and filling the contour map with gradient colors to form a calculation result cloud map.
Preferably, the damage warning initial value Wi0And continuously optimizing and correcting in combination with engineering conditions in the application process.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the preset judgment threshold and the judgment criterion include:
when N is less than 1/4, the grid position has no water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/4 and less than 1/2, the grid position is a weak water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/2 and less than 3/4, the position of the grid is in medium water inrush danger;
when N is more than or equal to 3/4, the grid position is in strong water inrush danger.
Preferably, in the first step, when the thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is less than or equal to 20 meters, the vibration signal acquisition device comprises a roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device and a water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device, and the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device and the water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode in the horizontal position and the vertical position; when the thickness of water proof stratum is greater than 20 meters, shock signal collection system includes tunnel layer shock signal collection system, water proof stratum middle part shock signal collection system and water proof stratum bottom shock signal collection system, tunnel layer shock signal collection system water proof stratum middle part shock signal collection system with water proof stratum bottom shock signal collection system staggered interval arrangement on horizontal position and vertical position.
Preferably, adjacent vibration signal acquisition devices are arranged along the length direction of the roadway at intervals of 60-100 meters.
Preferably, the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition devices are arranged along two grooves of the working face.
Preferably, in the first step, the thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is obtained according to geological drilling data in a coal mine working face, and the water-resisting rock stratum is divided into a plurality of water-resisting layers with the same thickness in the vertical direction from top to bottom by referring to lithology of the water-resisting rock stratum.
A rock mass single fracture development range calculation method adopted by the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method comprises the following steps:
firstly, drawing a grid engineering plan according to data obtained after microseismic event information analysis;
determining the search radius r of each microseismic event according to the size range of a preset seismic sourcem(m is the ordinal number of the microseismic event);
thirdly, in the grid engineering plan, the horizontal coordinate of each microseismic event is taken as the center of a circle and the search radius r ismDetermining a circular area for the radius, assigning energy of each said microseismic event to each mesh of said circular area according to a quadratic kernel function algorithm, the energy value K (x) of each said meshm) The gradient of the change of the quadratic function is formed from the center of the circle to the edge of the circle,
in the formula, rmSearch radius, x, for microseismic event mmX-axis coordinate of microseismic event m, EmIs the energy value of microseismic event m.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method provided by the invention can be used for continuously monitoring the damage condition of the water-resisting rock stratum under the dual disturbance of the recovery and the confined water in real time, and quantitatively analyzing the damage degree of each area of the water-resisting rock stratum based on the monitoring result, so that the development position and degree of the potential water inrush channel can be accurately predicted, the grading early warning of the water inrush of the bottom plate is realized, and the water inrush accident of the bottom plate of the coal mine is effectively prevented.
(2) The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method provided by the invention mainly aims at monitoring the damage condition of the whole bottom plate water-resisting rock stratum in the stoping process of a working face, the vibration signal acquisition device can comprehensively acquire the full vibration field information of the water-resisting rock stratum by adopting a fully-surrounded arrangement mode, the vertical direction positioning precision of a microseismic event can be greatly improved, and the monitoring range not only comprises the bottom plate of an area near the stope, but also can cover the bottom plate of a goaf.
(3) According to the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method provided by the invention, a water-resisting rock stratum is finely divided into a plurality of water-resisting layers, the damage degrees of different areas are quantitatively calculated based on lithological characteristics of the water-resisting layers and microseismic monitoring results, the overlap ratio of the damage areas of the water-resisting layers in the vertical direction space is analyzed, and finally, grading early warning is carried out, so that double early warning of the space position and the time progress can be realized, and the guidance of safe production is enabled to be documented.
(4) The method for calculating the single fracture development range of the rock mass is an energy kernel density calculation method based on a secondary kernel function, can expand the position of a micro-seismic source from point to surface, and can quantitatively calculate the single fracture development range and the opening degree of the rock mass.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the vibration signal acquisition device of the present invention in a double-layer cross table net arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration signal acquisition device of the present invention in a double-layer cross table network arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a vibration signal acquisition device according to the present invention, in which a multi-layer cross table network arrangement is adopted;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the development range and degree of a single fracture of a microseismic event rock mass in quantitative calculation of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the calculation result of the density of the water-resisting layered energy core according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the calculation result of the density of the water-resisting two-layered energy core according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the calculation result of the density of the water-resisting tri-layer energy core according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of a calculation result of the density of the water-resisting four-layered energy core according to the embodiment of the invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device, 2-water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device, 3-water-resisting rock stratum middle vibration signal acquisition device, 4-water-resisting rock stratum bottom vibration signal acquisition device, 5-crossheading, 6-signal acquisition substation, 7-communication cable, 8-ground data storage and analysis system, 9-goaf, 10-unexplored area, 11-coal bed bottom plate, 12-water-resisting rock stratum and 13-aquifer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method of the present invention includes:
step one, arranging a vibration signal acquisition device according to the thickness of a waterproof rock stratum of a coal mine bottom plate, and dividing the waterproof rock stratum into a plurality of waterproof layers with the same thickness from top to bottom in the vertical direction
The thickness of a water-resisting rock stratum between a coal seam bottom plate and an aquifer threatened by confined water is limited, most of the water-resisting rock strata are within 50m (partial mines are even within 20 m), so that the requirement on the vertical positioning accuracy of the vibration signal acquisition device is extremely strict, and the table-board arrangement mode of the vibration signal acquisition device is of great importance to the vertical positioning accuracy of the vibration signal acquisition device.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, from top to bottom are a coal seam floor 11, a water-barrier rock formation 12 and an aquifer 13, respectively. When the thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is less than or equal to 20 meters, the vibration signal acquisition device comprises a roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device 1 and a water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device 2, the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device 1 is arranged along two crossroads 5 of a working face, and the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device 1 and the water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device 2 are arranged in a staggered and spaced mode on a horizontal position and a vertical position, namely a double-layer crossed table net arrangement mode. Roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device 1 is installed in stock one end, and the stock anchor goes into the bottom plate stratum, and water proof stratum vibration signal acquisition device 2 is installed in the drilling, through pouring water injection mud and bottom plate stratum coupling, and adjacent vibration signal acquisition device arranges along roadway length direction interval 60-100 meters, and adjacent vibration signal acquisition device also need be according to the certain distance of site conditions interval along the vertical direction of roadway length. When the thickness of water proof rock stratum is greater than 20 meters, shock signal collection system includes tunnel layer shock signal collection system 1, water proof rock stratum middle part shock signal collection system 3 and water proof rock stratum bottom shock signal collection system 4, tunnel layer shock signal collection system 1 arranges along two cistocks 5 of working face, tunnel layer shock signal collection system 1 water proof rock stratum middle part shock signal collection system 3 with water proof rock stratum bottom shock signal collection system 4 crisscross the interval arrangement on horizontal position and vertical position, multilayer alternately table net arrangement mode promptly. Roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device 1 is installed in stock one end, and the stock anchor goes into the bottom plate stratum, and water proof stratum vibration signal acquisition device 2 is installed in the drilling, through pouring water injection mud and bottom plate stratum coupling, and adjacent vibration signal acquisition device arranges along roadway length direction interval 60-100 meters, and adjacent vibration signal acquisition device also need be according to the certain distance of site conditions interval along the vertical direction of roadway length. Due to the complex underground space, the sensors in the same roadway can be properly adjusted within the range of 60-100 m.
The double-layer cross table net arrangement mode and the multi-layer cross table net arrangement mode which are designed around the bottom plate water-resisting rock stratum are all the fully-enclosed table net arrangement modes.
In the invention, the vibration signal acquisition device adopts a vibration pickup sensor. The lithology of the water-proof rock stratum is mainly shale rock stratum, the water resistance is good, but the strength is relatively low, the water-proof rock stratum is usually mainly subjected to shearing or tension failure under the action of high stress difference, and due to the limited space and size of the failure, microseismic signals of the water-proof rock stratum mostly come from rock mass fracture and fracture expansion (relative to the fracture instability of a roof rock stratum) under the action of the stress difference, the main frequency characteristics of the microseismic signals are medium-high frequency, the signals are fast to attenuate, and the transmission distance is short.
All vibration signal acquisition devices (namely, the vibration pickup sensors) need to be installed before stoping of the working face, the position of each sensor is kept fixed in the stoping process (wherein the sensors arranged in the goaf 9 need to be protected), and microseismic signals in the water-resisting rock layer of the bottom plate of the whole working face are subjected to covering acquisition (including the undeveloped area 10 and the goaf 9).
After the vibration signal acquisition device (namely the vibration pickup sensor) is installed, the vibration pickup sensor is connected with the signal acquisition substation 6 through the communication cable 7 to acquire signals, and then data are transmitted to the ground data storage and analysis system 8 through the mine industrial looped network or other communication cables 7, and the device jointly forms a micro-vibration monitoring system.
The thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is obtained according to geological drilling information in the coal mine working face, and the lithology of the water-resisting rock stratum can be referred when the water-resisting rock stratum is layered. Because rock masses with different lithologies release the same energy with different damage degrees, the lithologies of each water-resisting layer need to be defined in the quantitative analysis process. The method is characterized in that the water-resisting layered lithology characteristics are represented by the percentage content of mudstone (L, which is the ratio of the thickness of a mudstone rock stratum to the total thickness of a water-resisting layered layer), and the water-resisting layered lithology of the bottom plate is divided into three types according to the value of L: mudstone is a main type (L is more than or equal to 65 percent), sand-mudstone is a compound type (L is more than 35 percent and less than 65 percent), and sandstone is a main type (L is less than or equal to 35 percent).
Secondly, the vibration signal acquisition device acquires microseismic event information data in real time, and calculates the development range of the single fracture of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event according to the acquired microseismic event information data
And analyzing the microseismic event information to obtain information such as the seismic time, the spatial coordinates, the seismic magnitude, the energy, the horizon and the like of each microseismic event seismic source. The microseismic monitoring system analyzes a microseismic event per minute, and represents that a crack is generated on a rock mass near the seismic source position where the microseismic event is located, however, the seismic source position is only a range where a point coordinate cannot accurately predict the influence of the crack, so that the step utilizes the data of the microseismic event to carry out point-to-surface expansion on the energy of the microseismic event by adopting a secondary nuclear densitometer algorithm, and further predicts the range of the crack expansion of the rock mass.
The step of calculating the development range of the single fracture of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event comprises the following steps:
firstly, drawing a grid engineering plan according to data obtained after the microseismic event information is analyzed, wherein the data comprises the onset time, space coordinates, energy and the like;
and dividing grids on the existing mining engineering plane graph, wherein a coordinate system of the plane graph and a coordinate system for positioning the microseismic event are the same coordinate system, and the grid division is only performed once to prepare for the subsequent distribution of the energy nuclear density value. The grid size of the grid engineering plan can be set independently, and is generally 1m × 1m, 0.5m × 0.5m, 0.1m × 0.1m and the like, and the smaller the size, the finer the cloud image result is finally displayed.
Determining the search radius r of each microseismic event according to the preset seismic source size rangem(m is the ordinal number of the microseismic event);
wherein the preset seismic source size range is the range of the seismic source size corresponding to different energies summarized according to engineering experience, as shown in table 1,
TABLE 1
| Energy Range/J | ＜102 | 102-103 | 103-104 | 104-105 | 105-106 | 106-107 |
| Seismic source size/m | 2-4 | 4-12 | 12-20 | 20-35 | 35-64 | 64-100 |
Note: the parameter values and parameter intervals in the above table can be reset according to practical application, which is not limited in the present invention.
Thirdly, in the grid engineering plane graph, the horizontal coordinate of each microseismic event is taken as the center of a circle and the search radius r ismDetermining a circular area for the radius, assigning the energy of each microseismic event to each grid of said circular area according to a quadratic kernel function algorithm, the energy value of the grid K (x)m) From the center of the circle of the circular area (the center of the circle is the largest)Value Kmax) Presents a quadratic function change gradient to the edge of the circle (edge 0),
in the formula, rmSearch radius, x, for microseismic event mmX-axis coordinate of microseismic event m, EmIs the energy value of microseismic event m.
In the second step, the energy of the microseismic event is distributed into the circular area to represent any line segment from the center of a circle to the edge of the circle, and the whole circle is considered to be possible to be a fracture due to uncertainty of the direction. In addition, the circle center is an earthquake source point and can be regarded as a crack initiation position of the crack, the circle edge is regarded as an end position of the crack, the opening degree of the crack at the crack initiation position is maximum, the opening degree of the crack is gradually smaller until the crack is closed along with the development of the crack to the end position, the maximum grid energy value at the circle center position represents that the opening degree of the crack is maximum when energy is distributed by adopting a quadratic kernel function, and the grid energy value at the circle edge is basically zero and represents that the crack is closed.
Step three, a preset time period T is separated, and the current time T is comparedx(x is a positive integer) to an initial time T0All microseismic events collected in a time period are divided into each water-resisting layer according to the spatial position of the microseismic events
With the advance of the working face, microseismic events in a water-proof rock stratum collected by a microseismic monitoring system are increased continuously, and the water inrush danger condition of a coal mine bottom plate needs to be monitored, analyzed and early warned continuously, so that the invention separates a preset time period T (such as 2s) and leads the current time T to bex(x ═ 1, 2, 3 … …) to initial time T0All microseismic events collected in the time period (namely the initial time of system monitoring) are divided into each water-resisting layer according to the spatial position of the microseismic events, and preparation is made for subsequent analysis and calculation.
Fourthly, calculating the energy nuclear density of the single fracture development range of the rock body caused by all the microseismic events in each water-resisting layer to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer
And (3) performing point-to-surface expansion on the two pairs of microseismic events, and calculating the development range and the opening degree of the single fracture of the rock body caused by all the microseismic events by using the data of the microseismic events. However, the water-isolated rock stratum is damaged in the actual recovery process of the working face as the result of the accumulation of all single fractures, all the single fractures are crossed and penetrated to form a fracture network, and if the fracture network in each combined rock stratum of the water-isolated rock stratum is penetrated in the longitudinal direction, the water-bursting channel is a potential water-bursting channel.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
superposing the energy values distributed to each grid of each water-resisting layer, and calculating to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer;
drawing a contour map according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer and filling the contour map with gradient colors to form a calculation result cloud map.
Step five, according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result, the energy nuclear density value W of each grid of each water separation layeria(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers, and a is the ordinal number of the grid in the same water-separating layer) and the initial damage warning value W of the layeri0(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers) and, if W is Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition
The energy nuclear density value W of each water-resisting layered area (each grid) can be known from the cloud picture of the calculation result obtained in the fourth stepiaNuclear density of energy value WiaThe method is a quantitative value of the rock mass destruction degree, and the larger the value is, the higher the rock mass destruction degree is (the higher the fracture network density is).
On the premise of determining lithology of each water-resisting layer, determining a damage early warning initial value W of each water-resisting layer through laboratory tests and engineering experiencei0(unit is J/m)2) In the application of the early warning value Wi0The optimization and correction can be continuously carried out in combination with the engineering condition in the process.
Dividing each of the moisture-separating layersEnergy nuclear density value W of each gridiaThe damage early warning initial value W of the layeri0Making a comparison, if Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition.
Step six, overlapping the comparison results of the water separation layers in the vertical direction, keeping the horizontal coordinates consistent, obtaining a ratio N of the number of the water separation layers of which the overlapped damage areas reach the water inrush condition to the total number of the water separation layers, comparing the ratio N with a preset judgment threshold value, and obtaining a water inrush risk early warning result
And superposing the cloud pictures of the plane calculation results of all water-resisting layers in the vertical direction, keeping the plane coordinates consistent, displaying the cloud pictures in a three-dimensional effect, and analyzing the superposition condition of the cloud pictures in the vertical direction according to the damage areas defined by all the water-resisting layers so as to obtain the development position and the development degree of the potential water inrush channel.
The preset judgment threshold and the judgment standard comprise:
when N is less than 1/4, the grid position has no water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/4 and less than 1/2, the grid position is a weak water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/2 and less than 3/4, the position of the grid is in medium water inrush danger;
when N is more than or equal to 3/4, the grid position is in strong water inrush danger.
And step seven, repeating the step two to the step six to realize the dynamic early warning along with the mining.
The concrete steps and processes of the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method applied to a certain coal mine are described in detail by combining a concrete embodiment:
the method comprises the steps of arranging a vibration signal acquisition device according to the thickness of a waterproof rock stratum of a coal mine bottom plate, and dividing the waterproof rock stratum into a plurality of waterproof layers with the same thickness from top to bottom in the vertical direction.
And selecting a suitable seismic pickup sensor, a signal acquisition substation, a ground data storage and analysis system and the like according to the characteristics of the fracture vibration signal of the bottom plate water-resisting rock stratum in the range of the working face of the mine 16001 and the adjacent area (including the working face gob area 16011). 16001 the working face is threatened by the pressure water of the bottom plate, two roadways of the working face are provided with the seismic sensors, the monitoring frequency band of the selected sensors is 28-1500 HZ, and the installation range of the sensors is from hole cutting to mining stopping.
Because 16001 working face's water proof rock stratum thickness is 20m, and the sensor adopts double-deck alternately table net arrangement mode, and tunnel layer vibrations signal acquisition device (sensor) 1 is installed in stock one end, and in the stock anchor goes into the bottom plate rock stratum, water proof rock stratum vibrations signal acquisition device (sensor) 2 was installed in the drilling, through pouring into the coupling of cement paste and bottom plate rock stratum, and adjacent sensor is arranged along tunnel length direction interval 80 meters. Each sensor is connected with a signal acquisition substation 6 through a communication cable 7 for signal acquisition, data is transmitted to a ground data storage and analysis system 8 through a mine industrial looped network or the communication cable 7, and information such as the seismic origin time, the spatial position, the seismic level, the energy, the horizon and the like of the seismic source is obtained after system analysis.
The thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum of the 16001 working face is 20m, and the water-resisting rock stratum is layered according to the average thickness of 5m by referring to the lithology of the water-resisting rock stratum, and the layers are named as a water-resisting first layer, a water-resisting second layer, a water-resisting third layer and a water-resisting fourth layer from top to bottom.
And secondly, acquiring microseismic event information data in real time by the vibration signal acquisition device, and calculating the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event according to the acquired microseismic event information data.
Dividing a square grid of an area to be analyzed on a bottom map of a project plane, wherein the grid size can be set independently (as shown in fig. 5, the grid size in the map is 0.01m multiplied by 0.01 m);
selecting a microseismic event with spatial coordinates of (0, 0 and 0) and energy of 1J, and determining the radius of a search range to be 0.5m according to the size range of a seismic source corresponding to the energy in the table 1;
thirdly, on the grid engineering plan, a circular area is defined by taking coordinates (0 and 0) as the circle center and a search range of 0.5m as the radius, energy 1J is distributed to each grid in the circular area based on a quadratic kernel function algorithm, and the energy value K (x) of the gridm) From the centre of a circle (the centre of a circle is the maximum value K)max) To the round edge (0 at the edge) there are twoGradient of variation of a subfunction
The calculation result is shown in fig. 5, the energy nuclear density values at different positions in the circular area are calculated, the nuclear density value is larger as the nuclear density value is closer to the center of the circle, the fracture opening degree is larger, and the nuclear density value is smaller as the nuclear density value is closer to the edge of the circle, the fracture opening degree is smaller, and the fracture development range and the fracture opening degree are estimated in a quantitative mode by adopting the method. The method provides an idea for quantitatively analyzing the microseismic events, quantitatively estimates the development range and degree of a single fracture of the rock mass based on the idea of quantitatively estimating the development range and degree of the single fracture of the rock mass, and can quantitatively calculate the development range and degree (namely the rock mass damage condition) of a network-shaped fracture consisting of the single fracture when a large number of microseismic events are analyzed, thereby predicting the position and degree of a water inrush channel.
Thirdly, a preset time period T is separated, and the current time T is comparedx(x is a positive integer) to an initial time T0And dividing all microseismic events collected in the time period into each water-resisting layer according to the spatial positions of the microseismic events.
And fourthly, calculating the energy nuclear density of the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by all the microseismic events in each water-resisting layer to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer.
Superposing energy values distributed to each grid in a water-resisting layered structure, and calculating to obtain a planar distribution result of energy nuclear density values of the water-resisting layered structure;
drawing a contour map according to the plane distribution result of the density value of the water-resisting and layering energy core, and filling the contour map with gradient colors to form a cloud map of the calculation result, as shown in fig. 6. The energy nuclear density value of each area of the water-resisting layer can be known from the calculation result diagram, the energy nuclear density value is a quantized value of the rock mass destruction degree, and the larger the value is, the higher the rock mass destruction degree is (the higher the fracture network density is).
And (4) continuously calculating the plane distribution results of the energy nuclear density values of the water-resisting second-layer, the water-resisting third-layer and the water-resisting fourth-layer respectively according to the steps of the first step and the second step of the method, and drawing a cloud chart of the calculation results, as shown in the figures 7-9.
Fifthly, according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result, the energy nuclear density value W of each grid of each water-resisting layeringiaThe damage early warning initial value W of the layeri0Making a comparison, if Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition.
Taking the water-resisting layer-separating layer as an example, on the premise of determining the lithology of the water-resisting layer-separating layer, determining the early damage warning initial value W of the water-resisting layer-separating layer through laboratory tests and engineering experience10Is 6J/m2. And continuously optimizing and correcting in combination with engineering conditions in the process of applying the early warning damage value. Energy nuclear density value W of each grid for water-resisting layer-dividing1a(a is 1, 2, 3 … …) and the initial damage warning value W of the layer10Making a comparison, if W1a≥W10If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition. By analogy, the energy nuclear density value W of each grid of the water-resisting second layer, the water-resisting third layer and the water-resisting fourth layeriaEarly warning initial value W of damage to corresponding layeri0Making a comparison, if Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition. Since lithology of the second, third, and fourth water-barrier layers is substantially the same as that of the first water-barrier layer, the initial damage warning value W of the second, third, and fourth water-barrier layers in this embodiment is20、W30、W40Are all set as 6J/m2And continuously optimizing and correcting by combining engineering conditions in the process of applying each damage early warning initial value.
And sixthly, overlapping the comparison results of the water-resisting layers in the vertical direction, keeping the horizontal coordinates consistent, obtaining a ratio N of the number of the water-resisting layers of the overlapped damage area reaching the water inrush condition to the total number of the water-resisting layers, and comparing the ratio N with a preset judgment threshold value to obtain a water inrush risk early warning result.
And superposing all water-resisting layered plane cloud picture achievements in the vertical direction, keeping plane coordinates consistent, displaying the achievements in a three-dimensional effect, analyzing the superposition condition of the achievements in the vertical direction according to the damage area defined by each water-resisting layered layer, and further obtaining the development position and the development degree of the potential water inrush channel.
In the embodiment, the superposition condition of the damaged areas of the first water-resisting layer, the second water-resisting layer and the third water-resisting layer at the positions of 310-325 m sections of the stoping general rule and 47-51 # positions of the support numbers is obtained through vertical direction superposition degree analysis.
Setting a floor water inrush early warning level based on the superposition condition of each water-resisting layered damage area in the vertical direction, setting the ratio of the number of water-resisting layers of the overlapped damage areas in the vertical direction to the total number of water-resisting layers to be N, considering that no water inrush risk exists at the position when N is less than 1/4 (no early warning), considering that the position is in weak water inrush risk when N is less than or equal to 1/4 and less than 1/2 (blue early warning), considering that the position is in medium water inrush risk when N is less than or equal to 1/2 and less than 3/4 (yellow early warning), and considering that the position is in strong water inrush risk when N is more than or equal to 3/4 (red early warning). And (4) calculating and extracting segments 310-325 m and positions 47-51 # of the supports, wherein N is 3/4, the positions have strong water inrush risks, and a red early warning is given out.
And seventhly, repeating the steps from two to six to realize the dynamic early warning along with the mining.
With the advance of the working face, microseismic events in the water-resisting rock stratum collected by the microseismic monitoring system are increased continuously, the distribution condition of the nuclear density value of the water-resisting layered energy needs to be recalculated at certain time intervals (which can be set), and the steps from two to six are circulated to realize the dynamic early warning along with the mining.
In other embodiments, the adjacent vibration signal acquisition devices can be arranged at equal intervals of 60, 70, 85, 90 and 100 meters along the length direction of the roadway according to the site conditions of the coal mine floor.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coal mine water inrush risk early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a vibration signal acquisition device according to the thickness of a waterproof rock stratum of a coal mine bottom plate, and dividing the waterproof rock stratum into a plurality of waterproof layers with the same thickness from top to bottom in the vertical direction;
secondly, the vibration signal acquisition device acquires microseismic event information in real time, and analyzes and calculates the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event according to the acquired microseismic event information;
step three, a preset time period T is separated, and the current time T is comparedx(x is a positive integer) to an initial time T0Dividing all microseismic events collected in a time period into each water-resisting layer according to the spatial positions of the microseismic events;
fourthly, calculating the energy nuclear density of the single fracture development range of the rock body caused by all the microseismic events in each water-resisting layer to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer;
step five, according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result, the energy nuclear density value W of each grid of each water separation layeria(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers, and a is the ordinal number of the grid in the same water-separating layer) and the initial damage warning value W of the layeri0(i is a positive integer corresponding to the number of water-separating layers) and, if W is Wia≥Wi0If not, the grid reaches the water inrush condition;
step six, overlapping the comparison results of the water separation layers in the vertical direction, keeping the horizontal coordinates consistent, obtaining a ratio N of the number of the water separation layers of the overlapped damage area reaching the water inrush condition to the total number of the water separation layers, and comparing the ratio N with a preset judgment threshold value to obtain a water inrush risk early warning result;
and step seven, repeating the steps two to six.
2. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the microseismic event information is analyzed to obtain the onset time, the spatial coordinates, the magnitude, the energy and the horizon of each microseismic event seismic source, and the calculation of the single fracture development range of the rock mass caused by each microseismic event comprises:
firstly, drawing a grid engineering plan according to data obtained after the microseismic event information is analyzed;
determining the search radius r of each microseismic event according to the size range of a preset seismic sourcem(m is the ordinal number of the microseismic event);
thirdly, in the grid engineering plan, the horizontal coordinate of each microseismic event is taken as the center of a circle and the search radius r ismDetermining a circular area for the radius, assigning energy of each said microseismic event to each mesh of said circular area according to a quadratic kernel function algorithm, the energy value K (x) of each said meshm) The gradient of the change of the quadratic function is formed from the center of the circle to the edge of the circle,
in the formula, rmSearch radius, x, for microseismic event mmX-axis coordinate of microseismic event m, EmIs the energy value of microseismic event m.
3. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method as recited in claim 2, wherein the fourth step comprises:
superposing the energy values distributed to each grid of each water-resisting layer, and calculating to obtain the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer;
drawing a contour map according to the energy nuclear density value plane distribution result of each water-resisting layer and filling the contour map with gradient colors to form a calculation result cloud map.
4. The coal mine water inrush risk warning method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the damage warning initial value W is a damage warning initial valuei0And continuously optimizing and correcting in combination with engineering conditions in the application process.
5. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to claim 4, wherein in the sixth step, the preset judgment threshold and the judgment standard include:
when N is less than 1/4, the grid position has no water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/4 and less than 1/2, the grid position is a weak water inrush risk;
when N is more than or equal to 1/2 and less than 3/4, the position of the grid is in medium water inrush danger;
when N is more than or equal to 3/4, the grid position is in strong water inrush danger.
6. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the first step, when the thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is less than or equal to 20 meters, the vibration signal acquisition devices comprise a roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device (1) and a water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device (2), and the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition device (1) and the water-resisting rock stratum vibration signal acquisition device (2) are arranged in a staggered and spaced manner in a horizontal position and a vertical position; when the thickness of water proof stratum is greater than 20 meters, shock signal collection system includes tunnel layer shock signal collection system (1), water proof stratum middle part shock signal collection system (3) and water proof stratum bottom shock signal collection system (4), tunnel layer shock signal collection system (1), water proof stratum middle part shock signal collection system (3) and water proof stratum bottom shock signal collection system (4) crisscross interval arrangement on horizontal position and vertical position.
7. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method as claimed in claim 6, wherein adjacent vibration signal acquisition devices are arranged at a distance of 60-100 meters along the length direction of the roadway.
8. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to claim 7, characterized in that the roadway layer vibration signal acquisition devices (1) are arranged along two gate roads (5) of a working face.
9. The coal mine water inrush risk early warning method according to claim 6, wherein in the first step, the thickness of the water-resisting rock stratum is obtained according to geological drilling data in a coal mine working face, and the water-resisting rock stratum is divided into a plurality of water-resisting layers with the same thickness in the vertical direction from top to bottom by referring to lithology of the water-resisting rock stratum.
10. A rock mass single fracture development range calculation method adopted by the coal mine water inrush risk early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, drawing a grid engineering plan according to data obtained after microseismic event information analysis;
determining the search radius r of each microseismic event according to the size range of a preset seismic sourcem(m is the ordinal number of the microseismic event);
thirdly, in the grid engineering plan, the horizontal coordinate of each microseismic event is taken as the center of a circle and the search radius r ismDetermining a circular area for the radius, assigning energy of each said microseismic event to each mesh of said circular area according to a quadratic kernel function algorithm, the energy value K (x) of each said meshm) The gradient of the change of the quadratic function is formed from the center of the circle to the edge of the circle,
in the formula, rmSearch radius, x, for microseismic event mmX-axis coordinate of microseismic event m, EmIs the energy value of microseismic event m.
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