CN111809643A - Open caisson construction method and open caisson structure - Google Patents
Open caisson construction method and open caisson structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111809643A CN111809643A CN202010800804.5A CN202010800804A CN111809643A CN 111809643 A CN111809643 A CN 111809643A CN 202010800804 A CN202010800804 A CN 202010800804A CN 111809643 A CN111809643 A CN 111809643A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
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- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of open caisson, in particular to an open caisson construction method and an open caisson structure, which are used in a slurry geological area. The invention aims to provide a caisson construction method and a caisson structure, and technically solves the difficulties that the caisson is easy to incline and a precast block is transported by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention; the problems of large difficulty in underground parking, few parking spaces, large size of ground parking garage and unattractive appearance in coastal areas are solved in demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of open caisson, in particular to an open caisson construction method and an open caisson structure.
Technical Field
Nowadays, with the rapid development of society, the quantity of cars is increasing, and the area available for parking in a narrow city is very limited, and the supply of parking spaces is far less than the demand for parking, and countries are also strongly supporting the use of underground spaces for parking, such as green areas of parks, green areas of districts, playgrounds, roads and the like, for building parking lots in the space below the ground.
The problem of difficulty in parking in cities can be effectively solved by the urban underground parking lot. The existing parking garage engineering construction method adopts a prefabricated block open caisson method or a cast-in-place structure.
The prefabricated block open caisson technology is characterized by that several prefabricated blocks are prefabricated in advance, including bottom edge layer and standard layer, then the lower portion earthwork of every layer of cylinder wall is excavated, and the prefabricated blocks are sunk by means of dead weight of edge layer, and then the standard layers are successively added so as to make the cylinder protecting wall sink to place. The technical disadvantage is that a plurality of prefabricated blocks need to be prefabricated, and the transportation process is extremely inconvenient due to the large size of the prefabricated blocks.
The cast-in-place structure technology is characterized by that firstly, in the field a circular huge pit is dug, then a formwork is supported along the pit wall, and concrete is poured to form a cylindrical protecting wall.
The construction of a parking lot in a coastal region is a difficult matter, the underground soil quality of the coastal region is mostly slurry, and different from other geology, the mobility of the slurry is large, and the slurry can be converged like the middle to cause collapse when the underground parking lot is constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a caisson construction method and a caisson structure, and technically solves the difficulties that the caisson is easy to incline and a precast block is transported by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention; the problems of large difficulty in underground parking, few parking spaces, large size of ground parking garage and unattractive appearance in coastal areas are solved in demand.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for constructing an open caisson, which is used in a slurry geological region and comprises the following steps:
s100, driving two rings of engineering piles matched with the shape of the open caisson into the position of the open caisson to be constructed;
s200, excavating a deep groove between two circles of engineering piles;
s300, processing and forming a blade foot layer with a through protective cylinder in the deep groove;
s400, building a slurry mixer, and placing a mixing component of the slurry mixer into soil below the blade foot layer from the protective cylinder;
s500, stirring the soil below the blade foot layer into slurry by a stirring component of the slurry stirrer and pumping out the slurry;
s600, after the blade foot layer sinks, splicing a next pile casing above the pile casing, splicing outer templates on two side walls of the deep groove, and pouring concrete in a space between the outer templates and the pile casing to form a pouring layer;
s700, after the outer template is dismantled, repeating the steps S500-S600 until the whole body sinks in place, and forming the open caisson retaining wall by the blade foot layer and the multiple layers of pouring layers;
and S800, excavating earth in the open caisson protection wall to the bottom of the blade foot layer, and pouring a bottom layer at the bottom.
Preferably, in step S100, the driving depth of the construction pile is a hard soil layer of a slurry geology.
Preferably, in step S300, a prefabricated margin layer is placed in the deep groove; or splicing outer templates on two side walls of the deep groove and pouring to form a blade foot layer.
Preferably, in step S400, a slurry mixer is correspondingly built on each casing.
Preferably, in the blade edge layer formed in step S300, blade edges are disposed on both the inner and outer edges of the bottom; the cutting edge comprises an inner cutting edge and an outer cutting edge, wherein the opposite side surfaces of the inner cutting edge and the outer cutting edge are slope surfaces.
Preferably, the inner blade leg is arranged on the blade leg layer through anchoring; after the earth is excavated in step S800, the bottom layer is poured after the inner blade leg is removed.
Preferably, in step S800, the step of casting the bottom layer includes:
s801, arranging a reinforcement cage in the pile casing;
s802, erecting a steel bar at the bottom of the open caisson, and lapping the steel bar with a steel bar cage in the pile casing;
and S803, pouring concrete into the pile casing and the bottom of the open caisson to form a whole.
Preferably, the concrete poured at the bottom of the open caisson extends downwards to the bottom end of the blade foot and fills the whole cutting surface at the bottom of the open caisson dado.
The invention also provides a sunk well structure obtained by the sunk well construction method, which comprises two circles of engineering piles which are surrounded by a plurality of piles to form a sunk well shape; pouring an open caisson retaining wall between the two circles of engineering piles; and a bottom layer of the open caisson is poured on the bottom surface formed by the open caisson protecting wall in a surrounding way.
Preferably, the open caisson protecting wall comprises a blade foot layer and a plurality of pouring layers which are poured from bottom to top in sequence; the blade foot layer and the pouring layer penetrate from top to bottom to form a protective cylinder; the edge leg is arranged on the outer edge of the edge leg layer; the bottom layer of the open caisson is formed by lapping and pouring a reinforcement cage in the protective cylinder and a reinforcement on the bottom surface of the open caisson, and the bottom layer of the open caisson extends to cover the blade foot.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for coastal areas with mud underground, and the silt below the shallow layer of the ground is completely the structural characteristic of silt, the silt is stirred and pumped out by using the stirrer, so that the retaining wall sinks by means of self weight to reach a specified position, the retaining wall of the parking garage is formed, a stable environment is created for the parking garage, and compared with the prior art, the problem of easy collapse is solved without manufacturing precast blocks and digging deep pits in advance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an open caisson according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the open caisson structure according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade foot layer of the open caisson structure according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the open caisson construction method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The cast-in-place structure technology is characterized by that firstly, in the field a circular huge pit is dug, then a formwork is supported along the pit wall, and concrete is poured to form a cylindrical protecting wall.
The construction of the parking lot in the coastal region is a difficult matter, the underground soil quality of the coastal region is mostly slurry, and different from other geology, the fluidity of the slurry is large, and the underground parking lot is constructed by adopting a cast-in-place structure, so that the slurry can be converged like the middle to cause collapse.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment provides a sunk well construction method, which utilizes the structural characteristic that sludge is completely under a shallow layer of the ground in a slurry geological area, and utilizes a stirrer to stir and draw out the sludge, so that a retaining wall sinks by means of self weight, and a certain depth is reached to form a retaining wall of a parking garage.
To this end, referring to fig. 1 to 3, in one aspect, the present embodiment provides a caisson structure, which includes a construction pile 100 and a caisson wall 200.
The engineering piles 100 comprise a plurality of piles, the piles form two circles of open caisson shapes in a surrounding mode, the number of the piles can be twelve, every six engineering piles 100 form one open caisson shape in a surrounding mode, and the depth of each engineering pile 100 can be directly driven into harder soil below a mud layer.
The engineering piles 100 serve to position the open caisson wall protection 200 and also to increase the stability of the open caisson wall protection 200. For this purpose, the open caisson retaining wall 200 is cast between two rings of the engineering piles 100.
In order to form a complete caisson protection wall 200, a caisson bottom layer 230 is poured on the bottom surface of the caisson protection wall 200 around the formed caisson protection wall.
The open caisson protection wall 200 comprises a blade foot layer 210 and a plurality of pouring layers 220 which are poured from bottom to top in sequence. A protective cylinder 240 penetrates through the blade foot layer 210 and the pouring layer 220 from top to bottom; the open caisson bottom layer 230 is formed by overlapping and pouring a reinforcement cage in the casing 240 and the reinforcement on the open caisson bottom surface, and extends to cover the blade foot.
The edge legs 211 are arranged on the inner side edge and the outer side edge of the edge leg layer 210, one side opposite to the two edge legs 211 is a slope, the outer side of the edge leg layer 210 is a vertical surface, the edge leg layer 210 sinks under the action of self weight, and mud at the bottom of the edge leg layer 210 is squeezed into the protective barrel 240 through the slope, so that the mud is conveniently pumped out.
The construction process of the open caisson retaining wall 200 comprises the processes of stirring and extracting slurry and pouring the open caisson bottom layer 230.
In the process of pumping out the slurry mixer, the slurry mixer is adopted in the embodiment and comprises a conical drill bit, a motor, a chain wheel, a water filling port and the like, wherein the water filling port extends into the bottom of the edge leg layer 210 from the protective cylinder 240 of the edge leg layer 210, water can be filled into the protective cylinder 240, and the conical drill bit extends from the protective cylinder 240 to stir the soil at the bottom of the edge leg layer 210 into a flowing plastic shape and pump out the soil.
After the mud at the bottom of the blade foot layer 210 is pumped out, the blade foot layer 210 sinks under the action of self gravity, in order to ensure that the sinking speed of the blade foot layer 210 keeps consistent, the mud mixer of the embodiment is installed on the ground, and a mud mixer is erected on each pile casing 240, so that the mixing speed at each position at the bottom of the blade foot layer 210 is uniform and consistent, the consistency of the discharged mud at each position is ensured, and the dado 200 is ensured not to incline. Therefore, the inner blade leg of the blade leg layer 210 is anchored at the bottom of the blade leg layer 210 through a steel sheet and a nut, and after the open caisson protection wall 200 sinks to the proper position, the earth is dug out, so that the inner blade leg can be removed.
In the process of pouring the open caisson bottom layer 230, the edge 211 at the inner edge of the edge layer 210 needs to be removed, and then the open caisson bottom layer 230 is formed by pouring through the lap joint of the reinforcement cage in the casing 240 and the reinforcement at the bottom of the open caisson, so that the open caisson bottom layer 230 and the open caisson retaining wall 200 can be poured to form a whole.
Referring to fig. 4, based on the open caisson structure, another aspect of the present invention further provides a method for constructing an open caisson, which is characterized in that an open caisson retaining wall and an engineering pile are wrapped together, so as to increase the stability of the open caisson retaining wall. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
and S100, driving two rings of engineering piles matched with the shape of the open caisson into the position of the open caisson to be constructed.
In the step, the ground is firstly leveled, twelve engineering pile positions are lofted, and the engineering piles are driven to a hard soil layer with mud geology. It should be noted that the open caisson shape is not only a circular structure, but also a square structure, a rectangular structure or a polygonal structure, and the open caisson adopting the above structure can be completed by adopting the construction method provided by the embodiment.
And S200, excavating a deep groove between two circles of engineering piles.
The excavation depth of the deep groove is about 2 m.
S300, processing and forming a blade foot layer with a through protective cylinder in the deep groove;
in the step, the construction of the blade foot layer can be completed by adopting two modes, one mode is to arrange a prefabricated blade foot layer in the deep groove; and secondly, splicing outer templates on two side walls of the deep groove, using the pile casing as an inner template of the cylindrical column, reserving a cylindrical column space, binding reinforcing steel bars to form a reinforcing cage, and pouring concrete to form a blade foot layer. The two construction methods can be made according to conditions.
The inner edge and the outer edge of the bottom of the formed blade leg layer are provided with blade legs. The edge leg comprises an inner edge leg and an outer edge leg, wherein the opposite side faces of the inner edge leg and the outer edge leg are slope surfaces.
S400, building a slurry mixer, and placing a mixing assembly of the slurry mixer into soil below the blade foot layer from the protective sleeve.
The mud mixer comprises a conical drill bit, a motor, a chain and a water filling opening.
And S500, stirring the soil below the blade foot layer into slurry by a stirring component of the slurry stirrer, and pumping out the slurry.
The conical drill bit and the water filling opening of the slurry mixer form a stirring assembly, water can be filled into the slurry through the water filling opening, the slurry is stirred and diluted through the conical drill bit, and then the slurry is pumped out, so that the protective wall sinks. In order to ensure that the blade foot layer sinks uniformly, a slurry stirrer is correspondingly built on each protective cylinder.
In the sinking process, the mud is extruded towards the protective barrel under the action of the two cutting edges, so that the mud can be conveniently drawn out, the cutting edges are made into a slope, the number of barrel columns can be adjusted according to the angle of the slope, the number of mixers is reduced, and the cost is controlled.
S600, after the blade foot layer sinks, splicing the next protective cylinder above the protective cylinder, splicing outer formworks on two side walls of the deep groove, and pouring concrete in a space between the outer formworks and the protective cylinder to form a pouring layer.
All pile casings can be vertically spliced with another pile casing, the pile casings are added when a layer is sunk, the pile casings can serve as inner templates of the column, then outer templates are built, and a pouring layer formed after pouring is connected with the blade edge layer.
S700, after the outer template is dismantled, the steps S500-S600 are repeated until the whole body sinks in place, and the blade foot layer and the multiple layers of pouring layers form the open caisson retaining wall.
The open caisson dado can depend on the engineering stake to sink vertically, does not produce the slope.
And S800, excavating earth in the open caisson protection wall to the bottom of the blade foot layer, and pouring a bottom layer at the bottom.
After the open caisson is sunk in place through repeated operation, earthwork in the open caisson retaining wall is dug out, the open caisson retaining wall is formed at the moment and is supported by the inner engineering piles and the outer engineering piles, collapse is not prone to occurring, the earthwork is dug to the bottom of the blade foot layer, the inner blade foot of the blade foot layer is detached, reinforcing steel bars are erected at the bottom, a reinforcing steel bar cage is lifted from the protective cylinder, the reinforcing steel bar cage in the protective cylinder is in lap joint with the reinforcing steel bars at the bottom, concrete is poured in the bottom and the protective cylinder, the whole cutting surface is filled with the bottom concrete in thickness, and the bottom concrete is poured together with the engineering piles on the inner side, and therefore the overall firmness of the parking garage is improved.
After the construction of the steps S100-S800, the parking garage can be installed in the field, the parking garage can be arranged into a plurality of layers according to the requirement, and each layer of the garage can form a plurality of parking spaces. For a circular parking garage, triangular areas are formed in the middle of adjacent parking spaces at intervals, and engineering piles on the inner side of the garage can be placed in the triangular areas without occupying the area of the garage.
In conclusion, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment is suitable for coastal areas with mud underground, the silt is completely under the shallow layer of the ground, the silt is stirred and pumped out by using the stirrer, so that the retaining wall sinks by means of self weight to reach a specified position, the retaining wall of the parking garage is formed, a stable environment is created for the parking garage, compared with the prior art, a precast block does not need to be manufactured firstly, a deep pit does not need to be dug in advance, and the problem of easy collapse is solved.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the above-described embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing an open caisson is used in a slurry geological area and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s100, driving two rings of engineering piles matched with the shape of the open caisson into the position of the open caisson to be constructed;
s200, excavating a deep groove between two circles of engineering piles;
s300, processing and forming a blade foot layer with a through protective cylinder in the deep groove;
s400, building a slurry mixer, and placing a mixing component of the slurry mixer into soil below the blade foot layer from the protective cylinder;
s500, stirring the soil below the blade foot layer into slurry by a stirring component of the slurry stirrer and pumping out the slurry;
s600, after the blade foot layer sinks, splicing a next pile casing above the pile casing, splicing outer templates on two side walls of the deep groove, and pouring concrete in a space between the outer templates and the pile casing to form a pouring layer;
s700, after the outer template is dismantled, repeating the steps S500-S600 until the whole body sinks in place, and forming the open caisson retaining wall by the blade foot layer and the multiple layers of pouring layers;
and S800, excavating earth in the open caisson protection wall to the bottom of the blade foot layer, and pouring a bottom layer at the bottom.
2. The open caisson construction method of claim 1, wherein: in step S100, the driving depth of the construction pile is a hard soil layer of a slurry geology.
3. The open caisson construction method of claim 2, wherein: in step S300, a prefabricated margin layer is placed in the deep groove; or splicing outer templates on two side walls of the deep groove and pouring to form a blade foot layer.
4. The open caisson construction method of claim 3, wherein: in step S400, a slurry mixer is correspondingly built on each casing.
5. The open caisson construction method of claim 4, wherein: in the blade edge layer formed in the step S300, blade edges are arranged on both the inner and outer edges of the bottom; the cutting edge comprises an inner cutting edge and an outer cutting edge, wherein the opposite side surfaces of the inner cutting edge and the outer cutting edge are slope surfaces.
6. The open caisson construction method of claim 5, wherein: the inner cutting edge is arranged on the cutting edge layer through anchoring; after the earth is excavated in step S800, the bottom layer is poured after the inner blade leg is removed.
7. The open caisson construction method of claim 6, wherein: in step S800, the step of casting the bottom layer includes:
s801, arranging a reinforcement cage in the pile casing;
s802, erecting a steel bar at the bottom of the open caisson, and lapping the steel bar with a steel bar cage in the pile casing;
and S803, pouring concrete into the pile casing and the bottom of the open caisson to form a whole.
8. The open caisson construction method of claim 7, wherein: the concrete poured at the bottom of the open caisson extends downwards to the bottom end of the blade foot and fills the whole cutting surface at the bottom of the open caisson dado.
9. A caisson structure obtained by the method for constructing a caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: comprises two circles of engineering piles which are surrounded by a plurality of piles to form the shape of a sunk well; pouring an open caisson retaining wall between the two circles of engineering piles; and a bottom layer of the open caisson is poured on the bottom surface formed by the open caisson protecting wall in a surrounding way.
10. The open caisson structure of claim 9, wherein: the open caisson protecting wall comprises a blade foot layer and a plurality of pouring layers which are poured from bottom to top in sequence; the blade foot layer and the pouring layer penetrate from top to bottom to form a protective cylinder; the edge leg is arranged on the outer edge of the edge leg layer; the bottom layer of the open caisson is formed by lapping and pouring a reinforcement cage in the protective cylinder and a reinforcement on the bottom surface of the open caisson, and the bottom layer of the open caisson extends to cover the blade foot.
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| CN202010800804.5A CN111809643A (en) | 2020-08-11 | 2020-08-11 | Open caisson construction method and open caisson structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113187026A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江万里建设工程有限公司 | Open caisson construction method and reinforcing mold for integrated prefabricated pump station |
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2020
- 2020-08-11 CN CN202010800804.5A patent/CN111809643A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113187026A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江万里建设工程有限公司 | Open caisson construction method and reinforcing mold for integrated prefabricated pump station |
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