CN111807093A - Material flattening device - Google Patents
Material flattening device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111807093A CN111807093A CN202010906814.7A CN202010906814A CN111807093A CN 111807093 A CN111807093 A CN 111807093A CN 202010906814 A CN202010906814 A CN 202010906814A CN 111807093 A CN111807093 A CN 111807093A
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- flattening
- leveling
- plowshare
- fixing plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
- B65G69/04—Spreading out the materials conveyed over the whole surface to be loaded; Trimming heaps of loose materials
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Abstract
The invention provides a material flattening device, which relates to the technical field of material conveying equipment, is used for flattening materials on a conveyor and comprises a rack, a material flattening mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the material flattening mechanism and the driving mechanism are arranged on the rack; the material leveling mechanism comprises a material leveling part and an installation part which are connected, the material leveling part is arranged above a conveying belt of the conveyor, the installation part is movably arranged on the rack and can move up and down relative to the rack, the driving mechanism is provided with an output part, and the output part is connected with the installation part; the driving mechanism is configured to drive the material leveling part to move up and down through the output part and the mounting part so as to adjust the distance between the material leveling part and the conveying belt. The material flattening device relieves the technical problems of poor precision of material online detection equipment and the like caused by peak-shaped distribution of materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material conveying equipment, in particular to a material flattening device.
Background
The belt conveyor is the main equipment for transporting solid bulk materials in the industries of coal, metallurgy, electric power and the like, and has the characteristics of continuous and uniform transportation, high production efficiency, stable operation, low power consumption, low transportation cost, convenient maintenance and overhaul, easy realization of remote and local control and the like.
The deep-groove belt conveyor is commonly used in the coal, metallurgy and electric power industries, an upper carrier roller is generally made into a deep groove shape, a belt is placed on the upper carrier roller to form a U-shaped deep groove, so that materials can fall onto the belt and then are concentrated in the center of the belt, and the phenomena of more middle materials and less two side materials are formed due to natural stacking angles; meanwhile, due to the influence of incoming material and blanking uniformity, the thickness difference of the incoming material on the belt is large, and the materials are distributed in a wave crest shape, so that the thickness difference of the materials on the belt surface is large, and the online detection precision of the materials is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a material flattening device to solve the technical problems of poor material online detection accuracy and the like caused by peak-shaped distribution of materials.
The invention provides a material flattening device, which is used for spreading materials on a conveyor and comprises a rack, a material flattening mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the material flattening mechanism and the driving mechanism are arranged on the rack;
the material leveling mechanism comprises a material leveling part and an installation part which are connected, the material leveling part is arranged above a conveying belt of the conveyor, the installation part is movably arranged on the rack and can move up and down relative to the rack, the driving mechanism is provided with an output part, and the output part is connected with the installation part;
the driving mechanism is configured to drive the material leveling part to move up and down through the output part and the mounting part so as to adjust the distance between the material leveling part and the conveying belt.
Furthermore, the material leveling part is a plowshare, and a plowshare angle structure is arranged at the front end of the plowshare.
Furthermore, the plowshare comprises two triangular plates which are connected with each other;
a first included angle alpha is formed between the two triangular plates, and the range of the first included angle alpha is 20-160 degrees;
and/or a second included angle beta is formed between the coincident side of the two triangular plates and the horizontal plane, and the range of the second included angle beta is 10-80 degrees.
Further, the installation department is including fixed plate and the fixing base that is connected, flat material portion fixed mounting in the fixing base, fixed plate sliding connection in the frame, so that the fixed plate reaches the fixing base all can for the frame reciprocates.
Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a driving piece, a speed reducer in transmission connection with the driving piece and a lead screw in transmission connection with the speed reducer;
and the fixed plate is provided with a threaded hole in transmission connection with the lead screw.
Furthermore, the material leveling device also comprises a first detection element, a second detection element and a third detection element which are sequentially arranged along the up-and-down moving path of the material leveling mechanism, and the first detection element, the second detection element and the third detection element are electrically connected with a control element;
the first detection element is used for calibrating the upper limit position of the fixing plate, the second detection element is used for calibrating the original position of the fixing plate, and the third detection element is used for calibrating the lower limit position of the fixing plate.
Further, the material flattening device also comprises a safety protection component;
the safety protection assembly comprises an upper mechanical limiting structure arranged above the first detection element and a lower mechanical limiting structure arranged below the third detection element.
Further, the material leveling device further comprises a pressure detection device arranged on the material leveling part, the pressure detection device is electrically connected with a control element, and the driving mechanism is electrically connected with the control element;
the pressure detection device is configured to detect a pressure value applied to the flattening part and send the pressure value to the control element;
the control element is based on a model
D=Ft2/2kv2k1b-h
Obtaining the thickness D of the flat material;
wherein F is a pressure value, t is a reaction time, k is a flow coefficient of the conveyer belt, v is a belt speed of the conveyer belt, and k is1For the optimization coefficient of the parabola of the conveyor belt, b for the outputThe width of the belt surface of the conveying belt and h are the set feeding height.
Further, when the pressure value is continuously greater than a first preset pressure value N1 in the T period, or the pressure value is instantaneously greater than a second preset pressure value N2, the control element controls the leveling part to move upwards.
Further, the material leveling device further comprises a thickness measuring device arranged at the upstream of the material leveling mechanism, the thickness measuring device is electrically connected with a control element, and the driving mechanism is electrically connected with the control element;
the thickness measuring device is configured to detect the thickness value of the material on the conveying belt and send the thickness value to the control element, and the control element controls the material leveling mechanism to move up and down so as to control the material leveling thickness.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a material flattening device, which is used for spreading materials on a conveyor and comprises a rack, a material flattening mechanism and a driving mechanism, wherein the material flattening mechanism and the driving mechanism are arranged on the rack, the material flattening mechanism comprises a material flattening part and an installation part which are connected, the material flattening part is arranged above a conveying belt of the conveyor so as to flatten the materials, the installation part is movably arranged on the rack and can move up and down relative to the rack, the driving mechanism is provided with an output part, the output part is connected with the installation part, and therefore the driving mechanism is configured to drive the material flattening part to move up and down through the output part and the installation part so as to adjust the distance between the material flattening part and the conveying belt, and further adjust the thickness of the material.
Based on the arrangement, the material leveling part can move up and down relative to the rack under the driving action of the driving mechanism, so that the distance between the material leveling part and the conveying belt is adjusted, and the material leveling thickness can be adjusted; that is, through setting up flat material mechanism, can shakeout the material on the conveyer belt to make the material on the conveyer belt no longer be peak form and distribute, and then can guarantee on the conveyer belt that the material thickness after shakeout is unanimous basically, so that carry out on-line measuring to the material, effectively improved the on-line measuring precision. And, can also be according to actual need, through the upper and lower position of adjusting flat material portion, adjust flat material thickness to satisfy multiple operating mode requirement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first viewing angle of a material flattening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second perspective view of a material flattening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a first perspective of a plow head provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second perspective of a plow head provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a first detecting element, a second detecting element, a third detecting element, an upper mechanical limiting structure, a lower mechanical limiting structure, and a material leveling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a material flattening apparatus and a conveyor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a control schematic diagram of a leveling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon:
10-a material flattening device; 11-a frame; 12-a material leveling mechanism; 121-material leveling part; 1211-triangular plate; 122-ploughshare angle configuration; 123-a mounting portion; 1231-fixation plate; 1232-fixed seat; 13-a drive mechanism; 131-a drive member; 132-a reducer; 14-a sealing structure; 15-a guide post;
20-a conveyor; 21-a conveyor belt;
30-material;
41-a first detection element; 42-a second detection element; 43-a third detection element;
51-upper mechanical limit structure; 52-lower mechanical limit structure;
60-a pressure detection device; 70-a thickness measuring device;
alpha-a first angle; beta-second angle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The material leveling device 10 provided by the present embodiment is configured to spread a material 30 on a conveyor 20, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the material leveling device 10 includes a frame 11, and a material leveling mechanism 12 and a driving mechanism 13 that are disposed on the frame 11, where the material leveling mechanism 12 includes a material leveling portion 121 and a mounting portion 123 that are connected to each other, the material leveling portion 121 is configured to be disposed above a conveyor belt 21 of the conveyor 20 so as to level the material 30, the mounting portion 123 is movably disposed on the frame 11 and can move up and down relative to the frame 11, the driving mechanism 13 has an output portion that is connected to the mounting portion 123, and thus, the driving mechanism 13 is configured to drive the material leveling portion 121 to move up and down through the output portion and the mounting portion 123 so as to adjust a distance between the material leveling portion 121 and the conveyor belt 21, thereby adjusting a material leveling thickness. The material 30 in this embodiment is preferably coal.
Based on the above arrangement, in the present embodiment, the leveling part 121 can move up and down relative to the frame 11 under the driving action of the driving mechanism 13, so as to adjust the distance from the conveyor belt 21, and further adjust the leveling thickness; that is, through setting up flat material mechanism 12, can shakeout the material 30 on the conveyer belt 21 to make the material 30 on the conveyer belt 21 no longer be peak form and distribute, and then can guarantee that the material 30 thickness after shakeout is unanimous basically on the conveyer belt 21, so that carry out on-line measuring to material 30, effectively improved the on-line measuring precision. In addition, the material flattening thickness can be adjusted by adjusting the upper position and the lower position of the material flattening part 121 according to actual requirements, so that various working condition requirements are met.
In a further preferred embodiment, the leveling part 121 in this embodiment is a plowshare, and a plowshare corner structure 122 is provided at the front end of the plowshare, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. In order to facilitate spreading and flattening of the material 30, in the embodiment, the material flattening portion 121 is designed in the form of a plowshare, preferably, the front end of the plowshare is a sharp corner, so that the material 30 can impact the sharp corner end of the plowshare when moving along the conveyor belt 21, the sharp corner can quickly disperse the impact force of the material 30, and under the action of the sharp corner of the plowshare, the material 30 is quickly dispersed, and the material 30 flows to both sides along the upper surface of the plowshare, so that the material 30 at the excessive height can be quickly separated to both sides of the plowshare, and further, the material 30 can be flattened according to the set thickness, and the thickness of the flattened material is more stable; moreover, the material 30 spread and flattened by the plowshare does not change the properties thereof, such as the granularity composition of the cross section and the bulk density of the material 30.
Further, the front end of the plowshare is provided with a plowshare angle structure 122, the plowshare angle structure 122 is fixed in the middle of the front end of the plowshare, and the front end of the plowshare angle structure 122 protrudes out of the front end of the plowshare, so that when the material 30 is about to impact the plowshare, the plowshare angle structure 122 can be impacted at first, and the plowshare angle structure 122 is generally higher than the incoming material height, so that sundries such as hemp ropes and woven bags doped in the material 30 cannot be hung on the plowshare but slide along the material flow, therefore, on one hand, the sundries in the material 30 can be removed, on the other hand, the material leveling process can be guaranteed not to be affected due to the removal of the sundries in the material 30, the influence of the sundries on the material leveling process is relieved to a certain extent, the material leveling effect is further improved, and the material leveling precision is guaranteed.
As a further preferred embodiment, the plowshare in this embodiment comprises two triangular plates 1211, one side of each of the two triangular plates 1211 is overlapped, so that the two triangular plates 1211 are fixedly connected, and a first included angle α is formed between the two triangular plates 1211, as shown in fig. 4, preferably, the first included angle α between the two triangular plates 1211 is in the range of 20 ° to 160 °, including 20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, 70 °, 80 °, 90 °, 100 °, 110 °, 120 °, 130 °, 140 °, 150 °, 160 °, etc., further preferably, the first included angle α is in the range of 60 ° to 100 °, and further preferably, the first included angle α is in the range of 70 ° to 90 °. It should be noted here that the specific angle of the first included angle α may be set according to the actual material leveling requirement, and is not limited herein.
The two triangular plates 1211 overlap each other at a second angle β with respect to the horizontal, as shown in fig. 3, preferably in the range of 10 ° to 80 °, including 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, 25 °, 30 °, 35 °, 40 °, 45 °, 50 °, 55 °, 60 °, 65 °, 70 °, 75 °, 80 °, etc., more preferably in the range of 15 ° to 60 °, and even more preferably in the range of 25 ° to 45 °. It should be noted here that the larger the degree of the second included angle β is, the steeper the triangular plate 1211 is, the smaller the second degree is, the gentler the triangular plate 1211 is, and the specific angle of the second included angle β can be set according to the actual material leveling requirement, which is not limited herein.
In summary, the shape of the plowshare can be regarded as a triangular pyramid, the bottom surface of the triangular pyramid is fixed, the vertex of the triangular pyramid is positioned at the front end and two surfaces positioned at the upper side bear the impact of the material 30, so that the impact force of the material 30 can be dispersed rapidly and enters the material layer rapidly, the material 30 with the excessive height can be spread to the left side and the right side, and the material leveling process is realized.
As a preferred embodiment, the mounting part 123 in this embodiment includes a fixing plate 1231 and a fixing base 1232, wherein the fixing plate 1231 is completely disposed in the frame 11 and can move up and down in the frame 11, specifically, a plurality of guide posts 15 are disposed in the frame 11, the fixing plate 1231 is provided with guide holes, the guide posts 15 penetrate the guide holes so that the fixing plate 1231 can move up and down under the guiding action of the guide posts 15, the upper end portion of the fixing base 1232 is fixedly connected with the fixing plate 1231 and is disposed in the frame 11, the lower end of the fixing base 1231 extends out of the frame 11, and the leveling part 121 is fixedly mounted at the lower end of the fixing base 1232, so that the mounting part 123 and the fixing base 1232 connected with the mounting part 123 move up and down under the driving action of the driving mechanism 13, and further, the leveling part 121 (plow) is synchronously driven by the fixing base 1232 to move up and down to adjust the distance between the leveling part 121 and, that is, the flat thickness of the flat portion 121 is adjusted.
Further, the driving mechanism 13 includes a driving element 131, a speed reducer 132 and a lead screw (not shown in the figure), specifically, the driving element 131 is preferably a servo motor, the speed reducer 132 is preferably a worm gear speed reducer, an output shaft of the servo motor is in transmission connection with an input shaft of the worm gear speed reducer, and the lead screw is in transmission connection with an output shaft of the worm gear; moreover, a threaded hole is formed in the fixing plate 1231, and the external thread of the screw is in threaded connection with the threaded hole in the fixing plate 1231, so that the servo motor can drive the screw to rotate through the worm gear reducer, and the screw rotates to drive the fixing plate 1231, the fixing seat 1232 connected with the fixing plate 1231 and the material leveling part 121 connected with the fixing seat 1232 to move up and down, so as to adjust the material leveling thickness of the material leveling part 121. It should be noted here that, since the material leveling portion 121 moves up and down, the material leveling thickness is affected, and the online detection precision is affected, in this embodiment, a worm gear reducer with a self-locking function is adopted, that is, after the material leveling portion 121 moves to a preset position, due to the self-locking function of the worm gear reducer, it is ensured that the lead screw does not rotate, and further, it is effectively ensured that the material leveling portion 121 does not accidentally move up and down, and the online detection precision is further ensured.
It should be noted here that, in consideration of the influence on the normal operation of the leveling device 10 caused by the impurities such as the material 30 entering the leveling device 10, in the embodiment, the sealing structure 14, preferably a flexible corrugated pipe, is sleeved on both the guide post 15 and the lead screw, and the influence on the normal operation of the leveling device 10 caused by the impurities such as the material 30 and the dust can be effectively relieved by the sealing structure 14.
Of course, in consideration of the power failure of the servo motor, the driving element 131 in this embodiment may also be a handwheel, which is in transmission connection with a worm gear reducer through a rotating shaft and can also drive the leveling part 121 to move up and down. It should be noted here that, in general, the servo motor is used as a power source, and at this time, the rotating shaft of the hand wheel is separated from the worm gear reducer, so as to prevent the hand wheel from rotating along with the servo motor when the servo motor is driven, and when the servo motor is powered off, the rotating shaft of the hand wheel is in transmission connection with the worm gear reducer, so as to drive the leveling part 121 to move up and down. In addition, when automatic control is involved, the driving member 131 is a servo motor to perform automatic control by a control element.
As a further preferred embodiment, the leveling device 10 in this embodiment further includes a first detecting element 41, a second detecting element 42 and a third detecting element 43, and all three of them are electrically connected to the control unit, wherein the first detecting element 41 is located above and used for calibrating the upper limit position of the movement of the fixing plate 1231, the second detecting element 42 is located in the middle and used for calibrating the original position of the movement of the fixing plate 1231, the third detecting element 43 is located below and used for calibrating the lower limit position of the movement of the fixing plate 1231, and the first detecting element 41, the second detecting element 42 and the third detecting element 43 are sequentially arranged at intervals from top to bottom along the path of the vertical movement of the leveling mechanism 12, so that when the fixing plate 1231 is driven by the driving mechanism 13 to move upwards and the fixing plate 1231 is close to the first detecting element 41, the position of the fixing plate 1231 at this time is detected and calibrated by the first detecting element 41, and transmits the real-time position information of the fixing plate 1231 to the control unit so as to obtain the actual leveling thickness of the leveling part 121 through the position of the fixing plate 1231. Similarly, when the fixing plate 1231 approaches the second detecting element 42 or the third detecting element 43, the position of the fixing plate 1231 at this time is detected and calibrated by the second detecting element 42, and the real-time position information of the fixing plate 1231 is transmitted to the control element, so as to obtain the actual material flattening thickness of the material flattening portion 121 through the position of the fixing plate 1231. For example, when the fixing plate 1231 moves up to the first detecting element 41, the control element controls the driving mechanism 13 to stop working to prevent the fixing plate 1231 from moving upward and colliding with other structures, and similarly, when the fixing plate 1231 moves down to the third detecting element 43, the control element controls the driving mechanism 13 to stop working to prevent the fixing plate 1231 from moving downward and colliding with other structures, so that the first detecting element 41 and the third detecting element 43 can also play a role in limiting protection.
Further, since the driving mechanism 13 includes the driving element 131, when the driving element 131 is a servo motor, the control element can adjust the height of the leveling part 121 by controlling the number of rotation turns of the servo motor, so that the leveling thickness of the leveling part 121 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Specifically, the servo motor and the speed reducer 132 are used as power sources, the control element is used as a control source, the lead screw is used as a transmission mechanism, of course, the lead screw and the speed reducer 132 can be in transmission connection in a synchronous belt manner, the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is used as an execution mechanism, and the specific working process is as follows: the control element sends out specific frequency pulse to the servo motor, limits the rotating speed and the related rotating time, drives the screw rod to rotate in a synchronous belt mode after the speed reducer 132 is subjected to force increasing and speed reducing, and the screw rod rotates to drive the fixing plate 1231 to move up and down, so that the leveling part 121 (plowshare) performs corresponding ascending or descending motion, when the leveling part 121 (plowshare) reaches the preset height, the servo motor stops working, at the moment, the leveling part 121 (plowshare) does not move any more, and the height at the moment is kept unchanged.
Therefore, the position of the fixing plate 1231 can be calibrated by the first detecting element 41, the second detecting element 42 and the third detecting element 43, and the fixing plate 1231 is controlled to move up and down by the servo motor according to the calibrated position information to adjust the thickness of the flat material.
Preferably, the first detecting element 41, the second detecting element 42 and the third detecting element 43 are proximity sensors, and the operation principle and the specific structure of the proximity sensors can refer to the prior art and will not be described in detail herein. Here, since the proximity sensor triggers within a certain range, in order to improve the accuracy of the position of the origin, the origin is found from top to bottom, and the error of the origin is guaranteed to be less than 1mm in any case.
In this embodiment, the control unit obtains the current position of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) by detecting the position of the fixing plate 1231 through the first detecting element 41, the second detecting element 42 and the third detecting element 43, and calculates the moving distance of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) as follows:
first, the displacement from the current position of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) to the origin is set to be p:
if the current position of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is at the origin, p = 0;
if the current position of the material leveling part 121 (ploughshare) is above the origin, p is less than 0, and the distance from the origin is the absolute value of p, and the unit is mm;
if the current position of the leveling part 121 (ploughshare) is below the origin, p is greater than 0, and the distance from the origin is: p, in mm.
Here, when the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is located at the "origin" p =0, it corresponds to the "origin" position where the fixing plate 1231 is moved, which is specified by the second detecting element 42, that is, the distance between the vertex of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) and the fixing plate 1231 is different between the two "origins", and in the present embodiment, when the fixing plate 1231 is specified by the second detecting element 42 at the "origin" corresponding to the fixing plate 1231, the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is actually located at the corresponding "origin" of the leveling part 121 (plowshare). Note that the apex of the leveling section 121 (plowshare) is actually the point at the most front end of the leveling section 121 (plowshare), but in the present embodiment, when the bottom surface of the leveling section 121 (plowshare) is parallel to the conveyor belt 21, the distance between the apex and the conveyor belt 21 is equal to the distance between the bottom surface and the conveyor belt 21.
Next, the moving distance of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is calculated as follows:
setting the distance between the top point of the current material leveling part 121 (plowshare) and the belt surface of the conveying belt 21 as q;
setting the distance between the vertex of the preset material leveling part 121 (plowshare) and the belt surface of the conveying belt 21 as g;
setting the moving distance of the material leveling part 121 (plowshare) as e;
if p >0, i.e. the leveling part 121 (ploughshare) is currently below the origin,
e=（q-g）+2p；
if p is less than 0, i.e. the leveling part 121 (ploughshare) is currently above the origin,
e=q-g。
it should be noted here that when the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is currently located below the origin, it needs to be returned to the origin first and then moved to a preset position from the origin, that is, when the vertex of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is located above the conveyor belt 21 by a distance q, the origin is located above the leveling part 121 (plowshare) by a distance p, and the preset position is located above the conveyor belt 21 by a distance g, so that the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is first moved to the origin from the position with the distance q and then moved back to the position with the distance g from the origin, and thus the total moving distance of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) is p + p + q-g, that is, e = (q-g) +2 p.
When the leveling 121 (plowshare) is currently above the origin, it moves directly downward from a position a distance q above the conveyor belt 21 to a position a distance g above the conveyor belt 21, so that the leveling 121 (plowshare) moves a total distance of q-g, i.e., e = q-g.
By embedding the algorithm into the control element, the position information of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) can be obtained in real time, so that a foundation is laid for subsequently adjusting the thickness of the leveling part 121 (plowshare).
Further, in consideration of the safety of the up-and-down movement, a safety protection assembly is further added in the present embodiment, specifically, the safety protection assembly includes an upper mechanical limiting structure 51 and a lower mechanical limiting structure 52, the upper mechanical limiting structure 51 is disposed above the first detecting element 41, and the lower mechanical limiting structure 52 is disposed below the third detecting element 43, so that, when the first detecting element 41 fails, the fixing plate 1231 reaches the position of the first detecting element 41 and does not stop and continues to move up, and at this time, the fixing plate 1231 touches the upper mechanical limiting structure 51, so that the fixing plate 1231 does not move up any more, thereby effectively preventing the fixing plate 1231 from touching other structures and affecting the normal operation of the device; similarly, when the third detecting element 43 fails, the fixing plate 1231 will not stop and move down continuously when reaching the position of the third detecting element 43, and at this time, the fixing plate 1231 will touch the lower mechanical limiting structure 52, so that the fixing plate 1231 will not move down any more, and at the same time, the leveling part 121 (plow) will not move down any more, thereby effectively preventing the fixing plate 1231 from moving down and touching other structures to affect the normal operation of the device, and at the same time, effectively preventing the leveling part 121 (plow) from touching the conveyor belt 21 to damage the conveyor belt 21.
Therefore, by arranging the upper mechanical limiting structure 51 and the lower mechanical limiting structure 52, a certain protection effect can be achieved, the stable and normal operation of the device is ensured, and the service life of the device is prolonged.
As a preferred embodiment, the leveling part 121 in this embodiment is provided with a pressure detection device 60, wherein the pressure detection device 60 is electrically connected to a control unit, and the driving mechanism 13 is electrically connected to the control unit, the pressure detection device 60 is preferably a pressure sensor, and is configured to detect a pressure value applied to the leveling part 121 by the material 30 when the leveling part 121 is in contact with the material 30, transmit the detected pressure value to the control unit, and calculate a placement height of the leveling part 121, that is, a leveling thickness, based on a logic algorithm embedded inside the control unit. The specific calculation process is as follows:
from the equation of momentum of the material 30
MV=F*t
Under the condition that the belt speed of the conveyor belt 21 is constant, the relation between the pressure applied to the material leveling part 121 (plowshare) and the height of the material 30 can be calculated:
based on the above formula, we derive:
F=2kvQ/t2
as a result of this, it is possible to,
Q=sv，s=k1ab，
wherein Q is the flow rate of the material 30, s is the area of the cross section of the conveyor belt 21, and k1The optimization coefficient (preferably 0.75-1.35) for the parabola of the conveying belt 21 is shown, wherein a is the thickness of the supplied materials, and b is the width of the belt surface of the conveying belt 21;
the pressure F of the material 30 on the material leveling part 121 (plowshare) is calculated as follows:
F=2kv2k1ab/t2
calculating to obtain the thickness a of the incoming material as follows:
a=Ft2/2kv2k1b
calculating to obtain the thickness (plowshare placing height) D of the leveling material:
D=Ft2/2kv2k1b-h
wherein, F is the pressure of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) on the material 30, t is the reaction time, k is the flow coefficient of the conveyer belt 21 (refer to the prior art), v is the belt speed of the conveyer belt 21, and h is the feeding depth of the leveling part 121 (plowshare).
The control element can convert the pressure applied to the leveling part 121 (plowshare) into the current placing height of the leveling part 121 (plowshare), namely, the leveling thickness based on the algorithm, so that the leveling thickness of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) can be conveniently controlled and adjusted through the control element.
Further, in consideration of the large influence of the material jamming on the material leveling part 121 (ploughshare), the present embodiment can also determine whether the material jamming occurs through the cooperation of the pressure detecting element and the control element, specifically, when the pressure values detected by the pressure detecting element are all greater than the first preset value N1 for a time period of T1, or the instantaneous value of the pressure value at a certain time is greater than the second preset value N2; when the material is jammed, the control element will rapidly control the driving mechanism 13 to move so as to drive the material leveling part 121 (ploughshare) to move up rapidly, so as to move to the upper limit position, and suspend the automatic position adjustment, after waiting for a period of time such as 30 seconds, the material leveling thickness of the material leveling part 121 is adjusted by the control element. So, through the comparison, whether the material blocking phenomenon occurs can be preliminarily judged, and the reaction can be made when the material blocking occurs, so that the influence of the material blocking on the material leveling part 121 (ploughshare) is relieved, and the normal material leveling process is ensured.
In other embodiments, the thickness information of the material 30 may also be obtained directly by measuring the thickness of the material 30, specifically, a thickness measuring device 70, such as a laser measuring instrument, is disposed upstream of the leveling mechanism 12, the thickness of the material 30 when the material is supplied can be directly measured by the laser measuring instrument, and the thickness information of the material 30 is fed back to the control element, and the control element adaptively adjusts the height of the leveling part 121 (plowshare) according to the thickness of the supplied material, so as to adjust the leveling thickness according to specific situations.
Of course, the pressure detecting device 60 and the thickness measuring device 70 may be used together, so that, on one hand, the pressure value measured by the pressure detecting device 60 can be converted into the flat material thickness, on the other hand, the flat material thickness is directly measured by the thickness measuring device 70, and the flat material thicknesses obtained by the two methods can be coordinated in the control element to ensure the rationality of the flat material thickness data, for example, the difference value of the flat material thickness data obtained by the two methods is negligible within a certain range and does not exceed the preset value, and when the difference value exceeds the preset value, the average flat material thickness value is obtained by averaging the two methods.
In addition, when the flat material thickness of manual regulation, can also not set up pressure measurement device 60 and thickness measurement ware, promptly, according to staff's actual experience preliminary set for flat material thickness, and after the device operation a period, the staff finds that the flat material thickness of preliminary set for is improper, can make appropriate adjustment to guarantee that flat material thickness is in reasonable within range.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A material flattening device (10) for flattening material (30) on a conveyor (20), characterized in that the material flattening device (10) comprises a frame (11), and a material flattening mechanism (12) and a driving mechanism (13) which are arranged on the frame (11);
the material leveling mechanism (12) comprises a material leveling part (121) and an installation part (123) which are connected, the material leveling part (121) is arranged above a conveying belt (21) of the conveyor (20), the installation part (123) is movably arranged on the rack (11) and can move up and down relative to the rack (11), the driving mechanism (13) is provided with an output part, and the output part is connected with the installation part (123);
the driving mechanism (13) is configured to drive the leveling part (121) to move up and down through the output part and the mounting part (123) so as to adjust the distance between the leveling part (121) and the conveying belt (21);
the material leveling part (121) is a plowshare, and a plowshare angle structure (122) is arranged at the front end of the plowshare.
2. The material flattening apparatus (10) of claim 1, characterized in that the plowshare includes two interconnected triangular plates (1211);
a first included angle (alpha) is formed between the two triangular plates (1211), and the range of the first included angle (alpha) is 20-160 degrees;
and/or a second included angle (beta) is formed between the coincident edge of the two triangular plates (1211) and the horizontal plane, and the range of the second included angle (beta) is 10-80 degrees.
3. The material flattening device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the mounting portion (123) comprises a fixing plate (1231) and a fixing seat (1232) connected with each other, the flattening portion (121) is fixedly mounted on the fixing seat (1232), and the fixing plate (1231) is slidably connected to the frame (11) so that the fixing plate (1231) and the fixing seat (1232) can move up and down relative to the frame (11).
4. The material flattening device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the driving mechanism (13) comprises a driving member (131), a speed reducer (132) in transmission connection with the driving member (131), and a lead screw in transmission connection with the speed reducer (132);
and a threaded hole in transmission connection with the lead screw is formed in the fixing plate (1231).
5. The material flattening device (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that the material flattening device (10) further comprises a first detection element (41), a second detection element (42) and a third detection element (43) which are sequentially arranged along the up-and-down moving path of the material flattening mechanism (12), and the three are electrically connected with a control element;
the first detection element (41) is used for calibrating the upper limit position of the fixing plate (1231), the second detection element (42) is used for calibrating the origin position of the fixing plate (1231), and the third detection element (43) is used for calibrating the lower limit position of the fixing plate (1231).
6. The flattening apparatus (10) of claim 5, characterized in that the flattening apparatus (10) further comprises a safety shield assembly;
the safety shield assembly comprises an upper mechanical stop (51) arranged above the first detector element (41) and a lower mechanical stop (52) arranged below the third detector element (43).
7. The flattening device (10) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the flattening device (10) further comprises a pressure detection means (60) arranged at the flattening section (121), the pressure detection means (60) being electrically connected to a control element, the drive mechanism (13) being electrically connected to the control element;
the pressure detection means (60) are configured to detect a pressure value to which the flattening (121) is subjected and to send it to the control element;
the control element is based on a model
D=Ft2/2kv2k1b-h
Obtaining the thickness D of the flat material;
wherein F is a pressure value, t is a reaction time, k is a flow coefficient of the conveyer belt, v is a belt speed of the conveyer belt, and k is1The optimization coefficient of the parabola of the conveyer belt is b, the width of the belt surface of the conveyer belt is b, and h isThe feeding height is set.
8. The flattening device (10) of claim 7, characterized in that the control element controls the flattening section (121) to move upwards when the pressure value is continuously greater than a first preset pressure value N1 for a period of time T, or the pressure value is momentarily greater than a second preset pressure value N2.
9. The flattening apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the flattening apparatus (10) further comprises a thickness measuring device (70) arranged upstream of the flattening means (12), said thickness measuring device being electrically connected to a control element, said drive means (13) being electrically connected to said control element;
the thickness measuring device (70) is configured to detect a thickness value of the material (30) on the conveyor belt (21) and send the thickness value to the control element, and the control element controls the material flattening mechanism (12) to move up and down so as to control the material flattening thickness.
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| CN202010906814.7A CN111807093B (en) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Material flattening device |
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