CN111805284A - Split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system - Google Patents

Split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111805284A
CN111805284A CN202010642947.8A CN202010642947A CN111805284A CN 111805284 A CN111805284 A CN 111805284A CN 202010642947 A CN202010642947 A CN 202010642947A CN 111805284 A CN111805284 A CN 111805284A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
axis
driving
assembly
gear
driving shaft
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Granted
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CN202010642947.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111805284B (en
Inventor
田进宏
周涛
陈勇
廖家猛
杨永
潘良
伍国果
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Chongqing Huazhong Numerical Control Co ltd
Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
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Chongqing Huazhong Numerical Control Co ltd
Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
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Priority to CN202010642947.8A priority Critical patent/CN111805284B/en
Publication of CN111805284A publication Critical patent/CN111805284A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
    • B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
    • B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
    • B23Q5/402—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw in which screw or nut can both be driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission

Abstract

The invention discloses a five-axis high-precision machining system with split transmission, wherein a driving motor is independent of the foundation of a machine tool, so that a power source and a machine tool body are separately arranged, the driving in a single direction adopts a driving mode of matching double motors with gears, return difference can be eliminated in the driving process, the driving precision is ensured, and meanwhile, the vibration generated by the operation of the power source (motor) is prevented from being transmitted to the machine tool; the method can automatically, high-speed, high-precision and high-efficiency continuously finish the complex curved surface processing of a plurality of planes and a plurality of processes of parts, and is suitable for the fields of spaceflight, military industry, automobiles, ships, medical treatment, molds and the like.

Description

Split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine tool, in particular to a five-axis linkage system.
Background
The five-axis linkage equipment belongs to the common equipment in the numerical control machine tool and is used for processing parts with complex structures; in order to ensure the final machining precision, a high-speed direct-connected main shaft and a servo system are generally configured, a ball screw and a linear guide rail are arranged in the direction of X, Y, Z, the servo motor is used for direct stepless speed change driving, a B, C rotating shaft adopts the servo motor to form a direct-drive turntable, and the stable precision and the high-dynamic and static characteristics can be basically ensured; however, in the existing direct-drive structure, due to the relatively large torsional moment endured for a long time, the driving shaft of the motor, the inner rotor and the revolute pair are slightly deformed, so that corresponding vibration is caused, and the vibration is transmitted to the X, Y, Z linear motion and the B, C rotary shaft motion, so that the final machining precision is affected.
Therefore, the transmission part of the existing five-axis machining system is improved, so that the vibration generated by the operation of a power source (motor) cannot be transmitted to the machine tool, and particularly, the direct linear operation and rotation precision can be kept for a long time, so that the advantages of the five-axis machining system such as machining precision and the like are ensured, higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed can be obtained, better machining surface quality can be obtained, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system, which can prevent the vibration generated by the operation of a power source (motor) from being transmitted to a machine tool, and particularly can maintain the direct linear motion and rotation precision for a long time, thereby ensuring the advantages of the five-axis machining system such as machining precision, etc., obtaining higher dynamic characteristics, feed speed and cutting speed, obtaining better machining surface quality, and improving machining efficiency.
The invention discloses a split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system which comprises a basic structure, an X-axis moving assembly, a Y-axis moving assembly, a Z-axis moving assembly, a horizontal rotating assembly and a vertical rotating assembly, wherein the X-axis moving assembly is arranged on the basic structure;
the X-axis moving assembly comprises an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly;
the X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the foundation structure and comprises an X-axis carriage and an X-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the carriage to reciprocate on the foundation structure along an X axis; the lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis driving assembly;
the X-axis driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving assembly and an X-axis second driving assembly;
the X-axis first driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving motor, an X-axis first driving gear and an X-axis first driven gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the X-axis first driving gear;
the X-axis second driving assembly comprises an X-axis second driving motor, an X-axis second driving gear driven by the X-axis second driving motor and an X-axis second driven gear in transmission fit with a lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and meshed with the X-axis second driving gear;
the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the infrastructure;
when the X-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
and when the X-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear, the X-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference.
Furthermore, the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear are all in bevel gear transmission, the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear are arranged on a lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a mode that gear teeth are opposite, and the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis second driving gear are arranged on two sides of the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a split mode.
Further, the Y-axis moving assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly;
the Y-axis carriage assembly is positioned on a carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage and a Y-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the carriage to reciprocate on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly along the Y circumference; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis driving assembly; the Y-axis driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving assembly and a Y-axis second driving assembly;
the Y-axis first driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving motor, a Y-axis first driving bevel gear and a Y-axis first driven bevel gear, wherein the Y-axis first driven bevel gear is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Y-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the Y-axis first driving bevel gear;
the Y-axis second driving assembly comprises a Y-axis second driving motor, a Y-axis second driving bevel gear driven by the Y-axis second driving motor and a Y-axis second driven bevel gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly and is meshed with the Y-axis second driving bevel gear;
the Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the infrastructure;
when the Y-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, the Y-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
when the Y-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, the Y-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
a Y-axis first driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving motor, a Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis first driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, a Y-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Y-axis first driven bevel gear is applied to the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve;
a Y-axis second driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving motor, a Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis second driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Y-axis second driven bevel gear is exerted on the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve;
the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the X-axis direction.
Further, the first Y-axis driven bevel gear and the second Y-axis driven bevel gear are arranged on a lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a mode that gear teeth are opposite, and the first Y-axis driving bevel gear and the second Y-axis driving bevel gear are arranged on two sides of the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a split mode.
Further, the Z-axis moving assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly;
the Z-axis carriage assembly is positioned on a carriage of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage and a Z-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the Z-axis carriage to reciprocate on the Y-axis carriage along a Z axis; the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Z-axis driving assembly; the Z-axis driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving assembly and a Z-axis second driving assembly;
the Z-axis first driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving motor, a Z-axis first driving bevel gear and a Z-axis first driven bevel gear, wherein the Z-axis first driven bevel gear is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Z-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the Z-axis first driving bevel gear;
the Z-axis second driving assembly comprises a Z-axis second driving motor, a Z-axis second driving bevel gear driven by the Z-axis second driving motor and a Z-axis second driven gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly and is meshed with a Z-axis second driving gear;
the Z-axis first driving motor and the Z-axis second driving motor are arranged on the X-axis carriage;
when the Z-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, the Z-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
when the Z-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, the Z-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
a Z-axis first driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving motor, a Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis first driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, the Z-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Z-axis first driven bevel gear is exerted on the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve;
a Z-axis second driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving motor, a Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis second driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axial slidable mode, the Z-axis second driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Z-axis second driven bevel gear is exerted on the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve;
the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the Y-axis direction.
Further, an X-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly is arranged on the foundation structure; the X-axis carriage is provided with a Y-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the Y-axis ball lead screw assembly; and the Y-axis carriage is provided with a Z-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the Z-axis ball lead screw assembly.
Further, the X-axis drive assembly further comprises an X-axis drive motor mount for mounting an X-axis first drive motor and an X-axis second drive motor, the X-axis drive motor mount being independent of the infrastructure;
the Y-axis drive assembly further comprises a Y-axis drive motor mount for mounting a Y-axis first drive motor and a Y-axis second drive motor, the Y-axis drive motor mount being independent of the infrastructure;
the Z-axis driving assembly further comprises a Z-axis driving motor base used for mounting a Z-axis first driving motor and a Z-axis second driving motor, and the Z-axis driving motor base is fixed on the X-axis carriage.
Furthermore, the X-axis driving assembly further comprises an X-axis gear box arranged on a basic structure, and the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis second driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear are all located in the X-axis gear box; the Y-axis driving assembly further comprises a Y-axis gear box arranged on the X-axis carriage, and the Y-axis first driving bevel gear, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear are all located in the Y-axis gear box; the Z-axis driving assembly further comprises a Z-axis gear box arranged on the Y-axis carriage, and the Z-axis first driving gear, the Z-axis second driving gear, the Z-axis first driven gear and the Z-axis second driven gear are all located in the Z-axis gear box.
Furthermore, a plurality of axial outer grooves with arc-shaped cross sections are respectively arranged on the outer circles of the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft, a plurality of axial inner grooves with arc-shaped cross sections are respectively arranged in the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve are correspondingly sleeved outside the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft, and a plurality of balls are placed between the axial inner grooves and the axial outer grooves in one-to-one correspondence.
Further, retaining sleeves for retaining the balls are respectively arranged between the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, between the Y-axis second driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, between the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and between the Z-axis second driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is a five-axis high-precision processing system with split transmission, a driving motor is independent of the base of a machine tool, so that a power source and a machine tool body are separately arranged, the driving in a single direction adopts a driving mode of matching gears with double motors, return difference can be eliminated in the driving process, the driving precision is ensured, and simultaneously vibration generated by the operation of the power source (the motor) is prevented from being transmitted to the machine tool; the method can automatically, high-speed, high-precision and high-efficiency continuously finish the complex curved surface processing of a plurality of planes and a plurality of processes of parts, and is suitable for the fields of spaceflight, military industry, automobiles, ships, medical treatment, molds and the like.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a five-axis machining apparatus (without a drive system installed);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an X-axis driving structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Y-axis and Z-axis driving structure;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the machine tool of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a side view of the machine tool of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is an axonometric view of a five-axis machining apparatus (without a drive system installed), fig. 2 is a schematic view of an X-axis drive structure, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a Y-axis and Z-axis drive structure, as shown in the figure: the split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system comprises a basic structure 1, an X-axis moving assembly 2, a Y-axis moving assembly 3, a Z-axis moving assembly 4, a horizontal rotating assembly 5 and a vertical rotating assembly 6; an X-axis moving component, a Y-axis moving component and a Z-axis moving component of a five-axis machining system (machine tool) are used for forming three-dimensional movement in the direction of a three-dimensional coordinate; the horizontal rotating assembly and the vertical rotating assembly are arranged on the workbench, the horizontal rotating assembly rotates around a horizontal shaft B, and the vertical rotating assembly rotates around a vertical shaft C; the structure forms multidirectional adaptive characteristics, so that the processing of workpieces with complex surfaces is facilitated; the basic structure refers to a part for supporting the freedom degree movement or rotation in each direction on the machine tool to form a complete machine tool structure, and can be designed into a required structural form according to the requirement, and the details are not repeated; of course, the five-axis machining system further includes a main shaft 8 mounted on the Z-axis moving assembly 4, which is not described herein again;
the X-axis moving assembly 2 comprises an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly;
the X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the foundation structure 1 and comprises an X-axis carriage 2a and an X-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the X-axis carriage 2a to reciprocate on the foundation structure along an X axis; the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis driving assembly; the X-axis ball screw assembly comprises a screw 201 and a nut which is arranged on the X-axis carriage and matched with the screw, and when the screw is driven to rotate, the nut drives the X-axis carriage to slide in a reciprocating manner along the axial direction of the screw with a single degree of freedom to form linear motion on an X axis;
the X-axis driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving assembly and an X-axis second driving assembly;
the X-axis first driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving motor 202, an X-axis first driving gear 204, and an X-axis first driven gear 206, which is in transmission fit with the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly (or can be transmitted to the lead screw through a transmission shaft, and is not described herein) and is engaged with the X-axis first driving gear 204; the first driving motor 202 of the X axis drives the first driving gear 204 of the X axis through an output shaft, and the first driven gear 206 of the X axis and the lead screw 201 are in transmission fit with each other by adopting the existing mechanical transmission structure, which is generally interference plus key connection and will not be described herein;
the X-axis second driving assembly comprises an X-axis second driving motor 203, an X-axis second driving gear 205 driven by the X-axis second driving motor, and an X-axis second driven gear 207 which is in transmission fit with the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly and is meshed with the X-axis second driving gear; the structure is similar to the connecting structure of the X-axis first driving component, and is not described again;
the first X-axis driving motor 202 and the second X-axis driving motor 203 are arranged independently of the basic structure, and independent of the basic structure means that the first X-axis driving motor and the second X-axis driving motor are not fixed on the basic structure, but are additionally fixed at a set position; the structure can make the vibration of the motor independent of the basic structure, thereby avoiding the interference on the processing part and creating conditions for improving the precision;
when the X-axis first driving motor 202 drives the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear 204 and the X-axis first driven gear 206, the X-axis second driving motor 203 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the X-axis second driving gear 205 and the X-axis second driven gear 207, so as to eliminate the return difference; the resistance refers to small torque resistance, and is only used for eliminating the transmission return difference of the gear without causing adverse effect on the normal driving process;
and when the X-axis second driving motor 203 drives the lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in the other direction through the X-axis second driving gear 205 and the X-axis second driven gear 207, the X-axis first driving motor 202 resists in the opposite direction through the X-axis first driving gear 204 and the X-axis first driven gear 206, so as to eliminate the backlash.
Therefore, in the transmission driving process, the driving motor and the kinematic pair do not directly form driving, so that the vibration process cannot be directly transmitted, the transmission precision is ensured, and the final processing precision is naturally ensured; meanwhile, two groups of gears are utilized to form a transmission pair which can be respectively driven to form positive and negative rotation and mutually eliminate return difference, so that the gear transmission return difference is eliminated under the condition of ensuring no vibration transmission, and the transmission precision is finally ensured;
the two motors respectively complete the rotation driving in two directions, so that the reciprocating movement of the X-axis carriage 2a is completed, and the other motor forms resistance in the driving process, so that the backlash is eliminated, and the higher driving precision is ensured.
In this embodiment, the X-axis first driving gear 204, the X-axis first driven gear 206, the X-axis second driving gear 205, and the X-axis second driven gear 207 are all driven by bevel gears, the X-axis first driven gear 206 and the X-axis second driven gear 207 are disposed on the screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a manner that the teeth of the gears are opposite, and the X-axis first driving gear 204 and the X-axis second driving gear 205 are respectively arranged on two sides of the screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly; the bevel gear transmission structure is adopted, so that the transmission of vibration is interrupted and eliminated, and the adaptability of the transmission process is realized; the gear teeth of the X-axis first driven gear and the gear teeth of the X-axis second driven gear are opposite, so that axial component force generated in the transmission process can be counteracted, redundant external force is balanced, and the transmission stability is ensured; the structure of the two sides of the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis second driving gear in a split manner is beneficial to the arrangement of the whole structure and the balance of transmission force.
In this embodiment, the Y-axis moving assembly includes a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly;
the Y-axis carriage assembly is positioned on an X-axis carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage 3a and a Y-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the Y-axis carriage 3a to reciprocate on an X-axis carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly along the Y circumference; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis driving assembly; the Y-axis driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving assembly and a Y-axis second driving assembly;
the Y-axis first driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving motor 302, a Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 and a Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 which is in transmission fit with a lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly (can be transmitted to the lead screw through a transmission shaft, and is not described herein again) and is meshed with the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304;
the Y-axis second driving assembly comprises a Y-axis second driving motor 303, a Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 driven by the Y-axis second driving motor, and a Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 in transmission fit with the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly and meshed with the Y-axis second driving bevel gear;
the Y-axis first drive motor 302 and the Y-axis second drive motor 303 are provided independently of the infrastructure;
when the Y-axis first driving motor 302 drives the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306, the Y-axis second driving motor 303 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307, so as to eliminate backlash;
when the Y-axis second driving motor 303 drives the lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in the other direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307, the Y-axis first driving motor 302 forms a resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306, so as to eliminate a return difference;
the structure is similar to that of the X-axis driving assembly, and the technical effect is similar, which is not described herein again;
a Y-axis first driving shaft 308 is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving motor 302, a Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve 3010 is arranged on the Y-axis first driving shaft 308 in a manner of transmission in the circumferential direction and axial sliding, the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve 3010, and a pre-tightening force is applied to the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 by the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve 3010;
a Y-axis second driving shaft 309 is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving motor 303, a Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve 3011 is arranged on the Y-axis second driving shaft 309 in a manner of transmission in the circumferential direction and axial sliding, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305 is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve 3011, and a pre-tightening force is applied to the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 by the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve 3011;
the matching mode of the driving shaft sleeve and the driving shaft can adopt the existing mechanical matching mode, for example, the driving shaft is in a spline excircle structure, and the driving shaft sleeve is in an inner spline groove to form axial reciprocating movement matching;
the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the X-axis direction; because the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the X-axis direction, the reciprocating sliding fit relation between the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve is the same as the moving direction of the X-axis carriage, and the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve can counteract and adapt to the movement of the X-axis carriage to drive the Y-axis screw rod and the carriage to move while being used for transmission; the pre-tightening force is set, so that the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driving bevel gear can be respectively pushed to the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, and when the Y-axis dragging plate and the Y-axis ball screw assembly are driven by the X-axis dragging plate to move, the meshing relation between the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear is ensured, the backlash is eliminated, and the transmission precision is ensured; as shown in the drawings, taking a Y-axis first driving shaft and a Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve as an example, a pre-tightening force is applied by a cylindrical spring 3014 (or a disc spring) sleeved outside the Y-axis first driving shaft, an annular protrusion for abutting against the spring is provided on the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and at the same time, an annular protrusion for abutting against the cylindrical spring 3014 is also provided on the Y-axis first driving shaft 308 for applying an axial pre-tightening force to the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, so that the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve has a tendency toward a Y-axis first driven bevel gear, and of course, the Y-axis first driving bevel gear needs to be fixed to the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve in the axial direction, which is not; the Y-axis second driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve are similar to the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve in structure and are also provided with columnar springs, and the description is omitted;
in this embodiment, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306 and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 are disposed on the screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a manner that gear teeth are opposite to each other, and the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304 and the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 303 are arranged on two sides of the screw 301 of the Y-axis ball screw assembly; similar to the structure of the X-axis moving assembly, and certainly, similar beneficial effects are achieved, and detailed description is omitted here.
In this embodiment, the Z-axis moving assembly includes a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly;
the Z-axis carriage assembly is positioned on the Y axis of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage 4a and a Z-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the Z-axis carriage 4a to reciprocate on the Y-axis carriage along the Z axis; the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Z-axis driving assembly; the Z-axis driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving assembly and a Z-axis second driving assembly;
the Z-axis first driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving motor 402, a Z-axis first driving bevel gear 404 and a Z-axis first driven bevel gear 406 which is in transmission fit with a lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly (can be transmitted to the lead screw through a transmission shaft, and is not described herein again) and is meshed with the Z-axis first driving bevel gear;
the Z-axis second driving assembly comprises a Z-axis second driving motor 403, a Z-axis second driving bevel gear 405 driven by the Z-axis second driving motor, and a Z-axis second driven gear 407 in transmission fit with a lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly and meshed with a Z-axis second driving gear;
the Z-axis first driving motor 402 and the Z-axis second driving motor 403 are arranged on the X-axis carriage;
when the Z-axis first driving motor 402 drives the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear 404 and the Z-axis first driven gear 406, the Z-axis second driving motor 403 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis second driving gear 405 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407, so as to eliminate backlash;
when the Z-axis second driving motor 403 drives the lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in the other direction through the Z-axis second driving gear 405 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407, the Z-axis first driving motor 402 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis first driving gear 404 and the Z-axis first driven gear 406, so as to eliminate backlash;
a Z-axis first driving shaft 408 is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving motor 402, a Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve 4010 is arranged on the Z-axis first driving shaft 408 in a manner of transmission in the circumferential direction and axial sliding, the Z-axis first driving bevel gear 404 is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve 4010, and a pre-tightening force is applied to the Z-axis first driven bevel gear 406 by the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve 4010;
a Z-axis second driving shaft 409 is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving motor 403, a Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve 4011 is arranged on the Z-axis second driving shaft 409 in a manner of transmission in the circumferential direction and axial sliding, the Z-axis second driving bevel gear 405 is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve 4011, and pre-tightening force is applied to a Z-axis second driven bevel gear on the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve; the structure is similar to the structure of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Y-axis first driving shaft shown in the figure, and the description is omitted;
the Z-axis first driving shaft 408 and the Z-axis second driving shaft 409 are both parallel to the Y-axis direction, and have similar effect of counteracting the Y-axis motion as the Y-axis driving component;
the structure of Z axle removal subassembly is similar with Y axle removal subassembly structure, and the pretightning force is applyed through cylindrical spring 4014, and the first driving motor of Z axle removal subassembly only set up on the X axle planker, avoid the transmission vibration direct action of motor to avoid influencing the transmission precision.
In this embodiment, the base structure 1 is provided with an X-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw 201 of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly, and the X-axis lead screw seat is located at an outer end of the lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly and is used for rotatably supporting the lead screw; a Y-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw 301 of the Y-axis ball lead screw assembly is arranged on the X-axis carriage; a Z-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw 401 of the Z-axis ball lead screw assembly is arranged on the Y-axis carriage; similarly, the Y-axis lead screw seat is positioned at the outer side end of a lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly and is used for rotatably supporting the lead screw, and the Z-axis lead screw seat is positioned at the outer side end of the lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly and is used for rotatably supporting the lead screw; the structure enables the screw rod to have a stable supporting structure, and ensures that the transmission precision is not influenced when the screw rod bears radial load; x axle lead screw seat accessible antifriction bearing supports the X axle lead screw, can adopt detachable structure to install on infrastructure, and Y axle lead screw seat and Z axle lead screw seat support Y axle lead screw and Z axle lead screw through respective antifriction bearing respectively to integrated into one piece or detachable set up in X axle planker and the Y axle planker that corresponds, no longer repeated here.
In this embodiment, the X-axis driving assembly further includes two X-axis driving motor bases for mounting the first X-axis driving motor and the second X-axis driving motor (the number of the X-axis driving motor bases is two, and the first X-axis driving motor 202 and the second X-axis driving motor 203 are respectively and correspondingly mounted, which is not described herein), the X-axis driving motor bases are independent from the basic structure, that is, the first X-axis driving motor and the second X-axis driving motor are fixed outside the basic structure, as shown in the figure, the motors are fixed by an independent foundation and a bracket, that is, the motor bases include a supporting frame 209 and a motor bracket 2010, and the fixing manner may be implemented by using an existing mechanical fixing manner such as welding, bolt fixing, and the like, so that vibration is prevented from being directly transmitted to the carriage, and final transmission and machining accuracy are ensured; certainly, each motor is provided with a driving motor base, which is not described again;
the Y-axis driving assembly further comprises two Y-axis driving motor bases (two Y-axis driving motor bases are respectively and correspondingly provided with a Y-axis first driving motor 302 and a Y-axis second driving motor 303, which are not described herein again), and the Y-axis driving motor bases are independent of the basic structure; as shown in the figure, the Y-axis driving motor base comprises a support 3018 and a motor bracket 3019, and the fixing mode can be the existing mechanical fixing mode such as welding, bolt fixing and the like, so that vibration is prevented from being directly transmitted to the carriage, and the final transmission and processing precision are ensured; of course, each motor is provided with a driving motor seat, which is not described in detail herein.
The Z-axis driving assembly further comprises two Z-axis driving motor bases for mounting a first Z-axis driving motor and a second Z-axis driving motor (the two Z-axis driving motor bases are respectively and correspondingly mounted with a first Z-axis driving motor 402 and a second Z-axis driving motor 403, which are not described herein again), and the Z-axis driving motor bases are fixed to the X-axis carriage; as shown in the figure, the Z-axis driving motor base comprises a support frame 4018 and a motor bracket 4019, and the fixing mode can be the existing mechanical fixing mode such as welding, bolt fixing and the like, so that vibration is prevented from being directly transmitted to the carriage, and the final transmission and machining precision are ensured; certainly, each motor is provided with a driving motor base, which is not described again; the structure and the effect are vibration reduction transmission chains, and the influence on the processing precision is avoided.
In this embodiment, the X-axis driving assembly further includes an X-axis gear box 208 fixedly disposed (the fixing manner is an existing mechanical fixing manner, generally, bolted connection) on the foundation structure 1, the X-axis first driving gear 204, the X-axis second driving gear 205, the X-axis first driven gear 206, and the X-axis second driven gear 207 are all located in the X-axis gear box, and the X-axis lead screw seat may be disposed on the X-axis gear box or directly formed by a side wall of the X-axis gear box, which is not described herein again; the Y-axis driving assembly further includes a Y-axis gear box 3017 fixedly disposed (the fixing manner is an existing mechanical fixing manner, generally bolted) on the X-axis carriage, the Y-axis first driving bevel gear 304, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear 305, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear 306, and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear 307 are all located in the Y-axis gear box, and the Y-axis lead screw seat may be disposed on the Y-axis gear box or directly formed by a side wall of the Y-axis gear box, which is not described herein again; the Z-axis driving assembly further comprises a Z-axis gear box 4017 fixedly arranged on the Y-axis carriage (the fixing mode is an existing mechanical fixing mode, generally, bolt connection), the Z-axis first driving gear 404, the Z-axis second driving gear 405, the Z-axis first driven gear 406 and the Z-axis second driven gear 407 are all located in the Z-axis gear box, and the Z-axis lead screw seat can be arranged on the Z-axis gear box or directly formed by a side wall of the Z-axis gear box, so that the details are not repeated herein.
In this embodiment, a plurality of axial outer grooves with arc-shaped cross sections are respectively formed in the outer circles of the Y-axis first driving shaft 308, the Y-axis second driving shaft 309, the Z-axis first driving shaft 408 and the Z-axis second driving shaft 409, which are arranged along the circumferential direction, a plurality of axial inner grooves with arc-shaped cross sections are respectively formed in the inner circles of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve 3010, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve 3011, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve 4010 and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve 4011, which are arranged along the circumferential direction, after the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve are correspondingly sleeved outside the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft, the axial inner grooves and the axial outer grooves are correspondingly matched one to one, and a plurality of balls 3012; as shown in the figure, the arc-shaped axial outer groove and the arc-shaped axial inner groove are matched to form a circular track for containing the balls, so that a small gap or a zero-gap match is formed, and the arrangement of the balls is favorable for ensuring the stability of transmission;
the structure that adopts the ball cooperation to realize the reciprocal slip of axial does benefit to the fit clearance who eliminates the circumferencial direction, guarantees driven precision, and simultaneously, axial relative slip is comparatively smooth and easy.
In this embodiment, retaining sleeves 3013(4013) for retaining the balls are respectively provided between the Y-axis first drive shaft 308 and the Y-axis first drive shaft sleeve 3010, between the Y-axis second drive shaft 309 and the Y-axis second drive shaft sleeve 3011, between the Z-axis first drive shaft 408 and the Z-axis first drive shaft sleeve 4010, and between the Z-axis second drive shaft 409 and the Z-axis second drive shaft sleeve 4011; as shown in the figure, the retaining sleeve is a shaft-shaped hollow sleeve, and the side wall of the retaining sleeve is provided with a round hole matched with the ball; as shown in the figure, taking the Y-axis structure as an example, the whole retaining sleeve is located between the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve and used for keeping the balls of the same track from interfering; of course, the end of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve 3010 (Z-axis is 4010) in this structure forms a stop cover 3015(4015) for sealing the inner cavity of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and at the same time, a packing cavity for sealing grease is provided, and a sealing packing 3016(4016) is filled therein, preferably carbon fiber.
In this embodiment, the horizontal rotation assembly 5 is arranged on the base structure, and the vertical rotation assembly is arranged on the rotation output part of the horizontal rotation assembly to form an overturning platform, so that two degrees of freedom of horizontal rotation (around a horizontal shaft) and vertical rotation (around a vertical shaft) are formed; the horizontal rotating assembly comprises a horizontal rotating assembly and a horizontal rotary table, and the horizontal rotating assembly comprises a horizontal rotating shaft and a horizontal rotating driving assembly;
the horizontal rotating shaft 501 is arranged on the foundation structure in a rotating fit manner, and a horizontal rotating platform for installing the vertical rotating assembly is arranged at the end part of the horizontal rotating shaft;
the horizontal rotation driving assembly 5 adopts a structure similar to that of the X-axis driving assembly, namely comprises a horizontal rotation first driving assembly and a horizontal rotation second driving assembly;
the horizontal rotary first driving assembly includes a horizontal rotary first driving motor 502, a horizontal rotary first driving gear 504 driven by the horizontal rotary first driving motor, and a horizontal rotary first driven gear 506 engaged with the horizontal rotary first driving gear;
the horizontal rotation second driving assembly comprises a horizontal rotation second driving motor 503, a horizontal rotation second driving gear 505 driven by the horizontal rotation second driving motor, and a horizontal rotation second driven gear 507 engaged with the horizontal rotation second driving gear;
the horizontal swivel first drive motor 502 and the horizontal swivel second drive motor 503 are provided independently of the infrastructure; as shown in the figure, the horizontal rotation driving assembly further includes two horizontal rotation driving motor bases (two horizontal rotation driving motor bases are provided, and the horizontal rotation driving motor bases are respectively provided with the horizontal rotation first driving motor 502 and the horizontal rotation second driving motor 503, which are not described herein again), and the horizontal rotation driving motor bases are fixed outside the basic structure; as shown in the figure, the horizontal rotation driving motor base comprises a support frame 509 and a motor bracket 5010, and the fixing mode can be the existing mechanical fixing mode such as welding, bolt fixing and the like, so that vibration is prevented from being directly transmitted to the carriage, and the final transmission and machining precision are ensured; certainly, each motor is provided with a driving motor base, which is not described again; the structure and the effect are both vibration reduction transmission chains, and the influence on the processing precision is avoided
When the horizontal rotation first driving motor 502 drives the horizontal rotation shaft 501 to rotate in one direction through the horizontal rotation first driving gear 504 and the horizontal rotation first driven gear 504, the horizontal rotation shaft second driving motor 503 forms resistance in the opposite direction through the horizontal rotation shaft 501 second driving gear 505 and the horizontal rotation shaft second driven gear 507, so as to eliminate return difference;
when the horizontal rotary second driving motor drives the horizontal rotary shaft to rotate towards the other direction through the horizontal rotary second driving gear and the horizontal rotary second driven gear, the horizontal rotary first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the horizontal rotary first driving gear and the horizontal rotary first driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
the first driving gear for horizontal rotation, the first driven gear for horizontal rotation, the second driving gear for horizontal rotation and the second driven gear for horizontal rotation are generally bevel gears, and have better vibration reduction adaptive characteristics.
The first horizontal rotation driven gear 506 and the second horizontal rotation driven gear 507 are arranged on the horizontal rotation shaft 501 in a transmission matching manner in which gear teeth are opposite (or in a transmission matching manner with the horizontal rotation shaft 501 through an intermediate transmission shaft, which is not described herein again), and the first horizontal rotation driving gear and the second horizontal rotation driving gear are arranged at two horizontal rotation sides in a row; the bevel gear transmission structure is adopted, so that the transmission of vibration is interrupted and eliminated, and the adaptability of the transmission process is realized; the gear teeth of the first horizontal rotation driven gear and the second horizontal rotation driven gear are opposite, so that axial component force generated in the transmission process can be counteracted, redundant external force is balanced, and the transmission stability is ensured; the structure of the two sides of the horizontal rotary first driving gear and the horizontal rotary second driving gear is in a split mode, so that the arrangement of the whole structure is facilitated, and the balance of transmission force is guaranteed;
the horizontal rotation driving assembly further comprises a horizontal rotation gear box 508 fixedly arranged (the fixing mode is an existing mechanical fixing mode, generally bolted connection) on the foundation structure 1, the horizontal rotation first driving gear 504, the horizontal rotation second driving gear 505, the horizontal rotation first driven gear 506 and the horizontal rotation second driven gear 507 are all located in the horizontal rotation gear box, a horizontal rotation output shaft can be arranged on the horizontal rotation gear box, and can also be directly formed by the side wall of the X-axis gear box, and details are not repeated herein;
the vertical rotating assembly is generally directly controlled by a servo motor in the prior art, and the vertical rotating structure also belongs to the prior art and is not described herein again.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a five high accuracy system of processing of components of a whole that can function independently transmission which characterized in that: the device comprises a foundation structure, an X-axis moving assembly, a Y-axis moving assembly, a Z-axis moving assembly, a horizontal rotating assembly and a vertical rotating assembly;
the X-axis moving assembly comprises an X-axis carriage assembly and an X-axis driving assembly;
the X-axis carriage assembly is arranged on the foundation structure and comprises an X-axis carriage and an X-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the carriage to reciprocate on the foundation structure along an X axis; the lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly is driven to rotate by the X-axis driving assembly;
the X-axis driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving assembly and an X-axis second driving assembly;
the X-axis first driving assembly comprises an X-axis first driving motor, an X-axis first driving gear and an X-axis first driven gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the X-axis first driving gear;
the X-axis second driving assembly comprises an X-axis second driving motor, an X-axis second driving gear driven by the X-axis second driving motor and an X-axis second driven gear in transmission fit with a lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly and meshed with the X-axis second driving gear;
the X-axis first drive motor and the X-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the infrastructure;
when the X-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
and when the X-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear, the X-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis first driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference.
2. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear, the X-axis second driving gear and the X-axis second driven gear are all in bevel gear transmission, the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear are arranged on a lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a gear tooth opposite mode, and the X-axis first driving gear and the X-axis second driving gear are arranged on two sides of the lead screw of the X-axis ball screw assembly in a split mode.
3. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Y-axis moving assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage assembly and a Y-axis driving assembly;
the Y-axis carriage assembly is positioned on a carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly; the Y-axis carriage assembly comprises a Y-axis carriage and a Y-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the carriage to reciprocate on the carriage of the X-axis carriage assembly along the Y circumference; the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Y-axis driving assembly; the Y-axis driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving assembly and a Y-axis second driving assembly;
the Y-axis first driving assembly comprises a Y-axis first driving motor, a Y-axis first driving bevel gear and a Y-axis first driven bevel gear, wherein the Y-axis first driven bevel gear is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Y-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the Y-axis first driving bevel gear;
the Y-axis second driving assembly comprises a Y-axis second driving motor, a Y-axis second driving bevel gear driven by the Y-axis second driving motor and a Y-axis second driven bevel gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly and is meshed with the Y-axis second driving bevel gear;
the Y-axis first drive motor and the Y-axis second drive motor are provided independently of the infrastructure;
when the Y-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, the Y-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
when the Y-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the Y-axis second driving bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear, the Y-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the Y-axis first driving bevel gear and the Y-axis first driven bevel gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
a Y-axis first driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving motor, a Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis first driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, a Y-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Y-axis first driven bevel gear is applied to the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve;
a Y-axis second driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving motor, a Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Y-axis second driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Y-axis second driven bevel gear is exerted on the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve;
the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the X-axis direction.
4. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first Y-axis driven bevel gear and the second Y-axis driven bevel gear are arranged on a lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a mode that gear teeth are opposite, and the first Y-axis driving bevel gear and the second Y-axis driving bevel gear are arranged on two sides of the lead screw of the Y-axis ball screw assembly in a split mode.
5. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the Z-axis moving assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage assembly and a Z-axis driving assembly;
the Z-axis carriage assembly is positioned on a carriage of the Y-axis carriage assembly; the Z-axis carriage assembly comprises a Z-axis carriage and a Z-axis ball screw assembly used for driving the Z-axis carriage to reciprocate on the Y-axis carriage along a Z axis; the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly is driven to rotate by the Z-axis driving assembly; the Z-axis driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving assembly and a Z-axis second driving assembly;
the Z-axis first driving assembly comprises a Z-axis first driving motor, a Z-axis first driving bevel gear and a Z-axis first driven bevel gear, wherein the Z-axis first driven bevel gear is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Z-axis ball lead screw assembly and is meshed with the Z-axis first driving bevel gear;
the Z-axis second driving assembly comprises a Z-axis second driving motor, a Z-axis second driving bevel gear driven by the Z-axis second driving motor and a Z-axis second driven gear which is in transmission fit with a lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly and is meshed with a Z-axis second driving gear;
the Z-axis first driving motor and the Z-axis second driving motor are arranged on the X-axis carriage;
when the Z-axis first driving motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate in one direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, the Z-axis second driving motor forms resistance in the opposite direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
when the Z-axis second driving motor drives the lead screw of the Z-axis ball screw assembly to rotate towards the other direction through the Z-axis second driving gear and the Z-axis second driven gear, the Z-axis first driving motor forms resistance towards the opposite direction through the Z-axis first driving gear and the Z-axis first driven gear, and the resistance is used for eliminating return difference;
a Z-axis first driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving motor, a Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis first driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axially slidable manner, the Z-axis first driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Z-axis first driven bevel gear is exerted on the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve;
a Z-axis second driving shaft is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving motor, a Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve is arranged on the Z-axis second driving shaft in a circumferential transmission and axial slidable mode, the Z-axis second driving bevel gear is arranged in transmission fit with the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve, and pre-tightening force applied to a Z-axis second driven bevel gear is exerted on the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve;
the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft are parallel to the Y-axis direction.
6. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the basic structure is provided with an X-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the X-axis ball lead screw assembly; the X-axis carriage is provided with a Y-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the Y-axis ball lead screw assembly; and the Y-axis carriage is provided with a Z-axis lead screw seat for rotatably supporting a lead screw of the Z-axis ball lead screw assembly.
7. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 5, characterized in that: the X-axis drive assembly further comprises an X-axis drive motor mount for mounting an X-axis first drive motor and an X-axis second drive motor, the X-axis drive motor mount being independent of the infrastructure;
the Y-axis drive assembly further comprises a Y-axis drive motor mount for mounting a Y-axis first drive motor and a Y-axis second drive motor, the Y-axis drive motor mount being independent of the infrastructure;
the Z-axis driving assembly further comprises a Z-axis driving motor base used for mounting a Z-axis first driving motor and a Z-axis second driving motor, and the Z-axis driving motor base is fixed on the X-axis carriage.
8. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the X-axis driving assembly further comprises an X-axis gear box arranged on the basic structure, and the X-axis first driving gear, the X-axis second driving gear, the X-axis first driven gear and the X-axis second driven gear are all located in the X-axis gear box; the Y-axis driving assembly further comprises a Y-axis gear box arranged on the X-axis carriage, and the Y-axis first driving bevel gear, the Y-axis second driving bevel gear, the Y-axis first driven bevel gear and the Y-axis second driven bevel gear are all located in the Y-axis gear box; the Z-axis driving assembly further comprises a Z-axis gear box arranged on the Y-axis carriage, and the Z-axis first driving gear, the Z-axis second driving gear, the Z-axis first driven gear and the Z-axis second driven gear are all located in the Z-axis gear box.
9. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft are respectively provided with a plurality of axial outer grooves with arc-shaped sections, the inner circles of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve are respectively provided with a plurality of axial inner grooves with arc-shaped sections, the sections of the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve are respectively provided with arc-shaped axial inner grooves, the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve are correspondingly sleeved outside the Y-axis first driving shaft, the Y-axis second driving shaft, the Z-axis first driving.
10. The split-drive five-axis high-precision machining system according to claim 9, characterized in that: and retaining sleeves for retaining the balls are respectively arranged between the Y-axis first driving shaft and the Y-axis first driving shaft sleeve, between the Y-axis second driving shaft and the Y-axis second driving shaft sleeve, between the Z-axis first driving shaft and the Z-axis first driving shaft sleeve and between the Z-axis second driving shaft and the Z-axis second driving shaft sleeve.
CN202010642947.8A 2020-07-06 2020-07-06 Split-transmission five-axis high-precision machining system Active CN111805284B (en)

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