CN111805025A - Rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system and its processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a bar-plate combined type electrolytic machining cathode system and a machining method thereof, and belongs to the field of electrolytic machining. The cathode system mainly comprises: the rod-plate combined cathode module, the fastening module, the flow equalizing module and the liquid inlet module. The system is characterized in that: the cathode module is divided into two parts of a cathode outer frame and a rod plate combined cathode array, a plurality of groups of corrosion-resistant metal rod matrixes with different specifications are tightly distributed in the cathode outer frame, and adjacent metal rod matrixes are separated by metal plates made of the same material; the shapes of the liquid outlet seams formed by the metal bar matrixes with different specifications are different, and the shapes and the distribution of the cathode liquid outlet seams can be greatly and quickly adjusted by adjusting the specifications of the metal bar matrixes and the positions of the metal plates. The invention is beneficial to improving the uniformity of the flow field in the processing gap in the electrolytic processing process of the large-area cavity, reduces the optimization cost of the flow field and has important significance for realizing the integral electrolytic processing molding of the large-area cavity.

Description

Rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system and its processing method

technical field

The invention relates to a rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system and a machining method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrolytic machining.

Background technique

Electrolytic machining belongs to the category of special machining technology, which is based on the principle of electrochemical anode dissolution to remove workpiece material. In the electrolytic machining process, the tool cathode is fed to the workpiece anode under the control of the numerical control system, and the workpiece anode material is gradually dissolved until the shape and size of the workpiece anode meet the requirements. The technology has the characteristics of no loss of tool cathode, no cutting stress, and processing characteristics that are not affected by material hardness.

When the cavity on the workpiece is electrolytically machined, in order to improve the processing efficiency, the tool cathode is usually designed according to the size and position of the cavity, and the workpiece cavity can be processed and formed with only one feed. for mass production. With the increase of the machining cavity area, the uniformity and stability of the flow field in the entire ECM area will be further highlighted. This also makes it difficult for the cathode designed for the first time to meet the requirements. It needs to go through many processes of simulation, test and optimization, and the production cost and design cycle are greatly increased.

In recent years, experts and scholars have made a series of progress in cavity electrolytic machining. ), it is proposed to use indexing, block and work-step processing methods, the cathode is electrolytically processed at different stations, and the processing flow field is good. In the patent "Whole-process in-line flow flexible protective sleeve electrolytic machining device and method" (application number CN201610696734.7, inventor Zhu Dongliu Ao Guzhouzhi, etc.), a in-line tool cathode is proposed to realize the outer side of the workpiece. A method of processing the inline blade nesting. By narrowing the in-line opening, the method can better realize the electrolytic machining of small-area cavities. Experts and scholars have also made some explorations in improving the reuse rate of tool cathodes and reducing production costs. For example, in the patent "A Tool Cathode and Clamping Method for Electrolytic Machining of Special-Shaped Cavities" (published number CN109877403A, inventor Yu Ze, Liu Wei, Zuo Dunwen, etc.), it is proposed to adopt a combined cathode disk structure, and quickly replace the combined cathode according to processing requirements. The cathode head connected on the disk improves the reuse rate of cathode components, and the flow field can be optimized by only replacing the cathode head, which reduces the optimization cost.

The electrolytic machining methods proposed in the above-mentioned patents all take small-area cavities as a single machining object, and when directly applied to one-time electrolytic machining of large-area cavities, the increase of the machining area makes it difficult to guarantee the uniformity of the flow field; The method can ensure the uniformity of the flow field, but there are problems such as long processing cycle, complicated process and easy formation of tool marks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find an electrolytic machining device and method with few processing steps, good flow field uniformity, and fast and simple cathode adjustment, so as to realize efficient electrolytic machining of large-area cavities on the workpiece.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problems of poor flow field uniformity and difficulty in optimization and adjustment in large-area cavity electrolytic machining, the present invention proposes a rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system and a machining method to improve machining efficiency and precision and reduce optimization costs.

A rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is composed of a rod-plate combined cathode module, a fastening module, a current equalization module and a liquid inlet module in sequence from front to back, and is characterized in that: the rod-plate combined cathode module is composed of a cathode module. The outer frame and the rod-plate combined cathode array are composed of two parts; the cathode outer frame is designed according to the workpiece to be processed, and the center of the processing area is hollowed out; the rod-plate combined cathode array includes several corrosion-resistant metal rods; the rod-plate combined cathode array It is located in the hollow in the middle of the outer frame of the cathode, and the end face of the processing side is cut and polished according to the cavity surface of the workpiece; the above-mentioned fastening module is composed of a horizontal fastening module, a vertical fastening module and a fastening bracket, which are used for pressing and The metal rods and metal plates in the rod-plate combined cathode array are fixed; the horizontal fastening module and the vertical fastening module are respectively composed of two right-angled trapezoidal strips symmetrically combined to form a wedge-shaped fastening structure. All are clearance fit; the outer side of the right-angled trapezoidal bar is pressed against the cathode outer frame, and the inner side is pressed against the rod-plate combined cathode array, and the pressing force is adjusted by the set screw on the fastening bracket; the fastening bracket is positioned and installed on the on the cathode frame.

The rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is further characterized in that: the above-mentioned current equalizing module is composed of a longitudinal equalizing block and a transverse equalizing block connected in sequence; the longitudinal equalizing block is uniformly distributed with several horizontal thin plates in the longitudinal direction; Several longitudinal thin plates are evenly distributed along the lateral direction on the inner side of the lateral flow equalizing block.

The above-mentioned liquid inlet module is composed of three parts: a liquid inlet block, an adapter plate, and a liquid inlet bracket; the left side of the liquid inlet block is connected with the flow equalization module, and the right side is connected with the liquid inlet bracket through the adapter plate; There are two symmetrically distributed liquid inlets; there is an "L" shaped liquid inlet distributed on the liquid inlet bracket.

The rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is further characterized in that: in the rod-plate combined cathode array, several metal rods are separated into several metal rod matrices by metal plates, and a single metal rod matrix is composed of metal rods of equal diameter along the horizontal direction. , Longitudinal uniform and close arrangement; the diameter or arrangement shape of the metal rods in the metal rod matrix of different specifications is different; the configuration of the metal rod matrix and the metal plate is carried out according to the flow field simulation results or test results.

The processing method using the rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is characterized in that: in the processing preparation stage, the cathode outer frame, the fastening bracket and the longitudinal current equalizing block are connected in sequence; For the configuration of metal rod matrix and metal plate in the cathode array, put several metal rod matrices and metal plates into the hollow part of the cathode outer frame in turn; The set screws of the rod-plate combined cathode array are fastened, and the processing surface of the rod-plate combined cathode array is cut and polished; The electrolytic machining cathode system feeds perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece cavity, the electrolysis reaction starts, and the material on the workpiece is gradually removed by electrolysis; as the machining feeds, the cathode module gradually extends into the workpiece, and the cavity is gradually formed; after the feeding ends, the machining Finish.

In the processing method of the rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system, the electrolyte flow mode is positive flow; Entering the cathode module, the liquid outlet seam formed by the combination of metal rods on the rod-plate combined cathode array enters the processing area to participate in the electrolysis reaction, and finally flows out from the edge of the cathode outer frame.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The present invention provides an electrolytic machining cathode system and method for realizing liquid supply to a large area of a workpiece in a combined array of metal rods and metal plates. The rod-plate combined cathode can form a large number of and uniformly distributed cathodes. Compared with the traditional liquid outlet structure, the liquid outlet slot array has more uniform electrolyte liquid discharge, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the flow field during processing.

2. The rod-plate combined cathode consists of a configurable metal rod matrix and metal plate. According to the simulation and experimental results, the adjustment and optimization of the cathode flow field can be completed by replacing part of the metal rod matrix and metal plate; while the traditional integral cathode When the flow field is optimized, the liquid outlet gap cannot be adjusted separately, and generally the entire cathode head needs to be reprocessed. In contrast, the cathode material of the present invention has a higher reuse rate, lower optimization cost, and shorter time period.

3. The three-way liquid inlet module composed of the liquid inlet block and the liquid inlet bracket can meet the processing liquid supply requirements of the cathode modules with different configurations. With the vertical flow equalization module and the horizontal flow equalization module, the uniformity of electrolyte supply is improved.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall assembly drawing of rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of cathode system structure and flow channel;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a rod-plate combined cathode module;

Label names in the figure: 1. Cathode outer frame, 2. Rod plate combined cathode array, 3. Horizontal fastening module, 4. Vertical fastening module, 5. Fastening bracket, 6. Longitudinal current equalizing block, 7 . Horizontal flow equalizing block, 8. Liquid inlet block, 9. Adapter plate, 10. Liquid inlet bracket, 11. Workpiece.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation method of the present invention is further elaborated, as follows:

To implement the present invention - "a rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system and its processing method", its device includes a cathode outer frame, a rod-plate combined cathode array, a transverse fastening module, a longitudinal fastening module, a fastening bracket, Longitudinal flow equalization block, horizontal flow equalization block, liquid inlet block, liquid inlet bracket.

The process of adopting the electrolytic machining of large-area cavity of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Connect and fasten the cathode outer frame, the fastening bracket and the longitudinal current equalizing block in sequence;

Step 2: According to the simulation results or test results, the metal rod matrix and metal plate of the rod-plate combined cathode array are arranged, and several metal rod matrices and metal plates are placed in the cathode outer frame from bottom to top and left to right in turn. place;

Step 3: Install the horizontal tightening module and the vertical tightening module respectively, fasten by the set screws on the tightening bracket, and cut and polish the processing surface;

Step 4: Connect the horizontal flow equalizing block, the liquid inlet block and the liquid inlet bracket in sequence;

Step 5: Connect the electrolyte tube to the liquid inlet block and the liquid inlet support, the cathode system is connected to the cathode of the power supply, and the workpiece is connected to the anode of the power supply;

Step 6: Set the knife;

Step 7: Start the power supply and the electrolyte circulation system;

Step 8: Start the operation program of the CNC machine tool, the cathode system is fed vertically to the cavity surface of the workpiece, the electrolysis reaction starts, and the material on the workpiece is gradually eroded by electrolysis. Forming until the end of feeding;

Step 9: After processing, power off, close the electrolyte circulation system, remove the workpiece and clean it.

Claims (5)

1. a rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is composed of a rod-plate combined cathode module, a fastening module, an equalizing module and a liquid inlet module sequentially from front to back, and is characterized in that: The above-mentioned rod-plate combined cathode module is composed of two parts: a cathode outer frame (1) and a rod-plate combined cathode array (2). Hollow out; the rod-plate combined cathode array (2) includes a number of corrosion-resistant metal rods; the rod-plate combined cathode array (2) is located at the hollow in the middle of the cathode outer frame (1), and the machining side end face is based on the cavity surface of the workpiece (11). Cutting and grinding; The above-mentioned fastening module is composed of a transverse fastening module (3), a longitudinal fastening module (4), and a fastening bracket (5), and is used for pressing and fixing the metal rods in the rod-plate combined cathode array (2). And the metal plate; the transverse fastening module (3) and the longitudinal fastening module (4) are respectively formed by two right-angled trapezoidal strips symmetrically combined to form a wedge-shaped fastening structure, and the right-angled trapezoidal strip and the inner side of the cathode outer frame (1) are both Clearance fit; the outer side of the right-angled trapezoidal bar is pressed against the cathode outer frame (1), and the inner side is pressed against the rod-plate combined cathode array (2), and the pressing force is adjusted by the set screw on the fastening bracket (5); The bracket (5) is positioned and mounted on the cathode outer frame (1) through the pin hole. 2. rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The aforesaid current equalizing module is composed of a longitudinal equalizing block (6) and a transverse equalizing block (7) connected in sequence; a plurality of transverse thin plates are evenly distributed in the longitudinal direction in the longitudinal equalizing block (6); the inner side of the lateral equalizing block (7) There are several longitudinal thin plates evenly distributed along the transverse direction. 3. rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The above-mentioned liquid inlet module is composed of three parts: a liquid inlet block (8), an adapter plate (9), and a liquid inlet bracket (10). 9) Connected to the liquid inlet support (10); the liquid inlet block (8) is provided with two symmetrically distributed liquid inlets laterally; the liquid inlet bracket (10) is distributed with an "L" shaped liquid inlet. 4. rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: In the above-mentioned rod-plate combined cathode array (2), several metal rods are divided into several metal rod matrices by metal sheets, and a single metal rod matrix is composed of metal rods of equal diameter that are evenly and closely arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions; the metal rod matrices of different specifications There are differences in the diameter or arrangement shape of the metal rods; the metal rod matrix and the metal plate are arranged according to the flow field simulation results or test results. 5. utilize the processing method of the rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: In the processing preparation stage, connect the cathode outer frame (1), the fastening bracket (5), and the longitudinal current equalizing block (6) in sequence; according to the simulation results or test results, the metal rod matrix and metal rod matrix in the rod-plate combined cathode array (2) are carried out. For the configuration of the plate, put several metal rod matrices and metal plates into the hollow in the middle of the cathode outer frame (1) in turn; install the horizontal fastening module (3) and the vertical fastening module (4) respectively, and adjust the fastening bracket The set screw on (5) fastens the rod-plate combined cathode array (2), and cuts and grinds the processing surface of the rod-plate combined cathode array (2); continue to install the transverse flow equalizing block (7). ) and the liquid inlet module; During the machining process, the rod-plate combined electrolytic machining cathode system is fed vertically to the cavity surface of the workpiece (11), the electrolytic reaction starts, and the material on the workpiece (11) is gradually removed by electrolytic etching; as the machining feeds, the cathode module gradually extends into the cavity. Inside the workpiece (11), the cavity is gradually formed; when the feeding ends, the processing is completed; In the electrolytic processing method, the flow mode of the electrolyte is positive flow; the electrolyte flows in from the liquid inlet module, and the inflowing electrolyte enters the cathode module after being stabilized by the horizontal flow equalizing block (7) and the vertical flow equalizing block (6), The liquid outlet seam formed by the combination of metal rods on the rod-plate combined cathode array (2) enters the processing area to participate in the electrolysis reaction, and finally flows out from the edge of the cathode outer frame (1).

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