CN111803857A - Aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111803857A CN111803857A CN202010465604.9A CN202010465604A CN111803857A CN 111803857 A CN111803857 A CN 111803857A CN 202010465604 A CN202010465604 A CN 202010465604A CN 111803857 A CN111803857 A CN 111803857A
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- aluminum ash
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 146
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/35—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by hydrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
- B01J7/02—Apparatus for generating gases by wet methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
- C01C1/242—Preparation from ammonia and sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
- C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system, which comprises a reaction device, a cooling circulation device, an ammonium sulfate generation device and a gas collection device which are sequentially connected; the reaction device comprises a reaction kettle, a heating device and a stirring device, the cooling circulation device is arranged from the direction of the reaction device to the direction of the ammonium sulfate generation device in an inclined and upward manner, a sulfuric acid injection pipeline and an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline are arranged at the lower end position of the ammonium sulfate generation device, the sulfuric acid injection pipeline is connected with an external sulfuric acid storage device, and the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline is connected with the external ammonium sulfate storage device; the gas storage device comprises a first gas storage tank and a second gas storage tank; the invention also discloses a working method of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system, and the system realizes nitrogen removal and desalination of the aluminum ash, simultaneously recycles ammonia and combustible gas generated in the treatment process, and is very important for aluminum ash harmless treatment and related industries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection devices, relates to the field of a system and a method for treating aluminum ash, and particularly relates to a system for harmlessly treating, recycling and utilizing the aluminum ash and a working method thereof.
Background
The aluminum ash slag is a main byproduct generated in the production process of electrolytic aluminum or cast aluminum, and the yield is huge. The aluminum ash contains simple substance aluminum, aluminum nitride, aluminum carbide and other aluminum-containing compounds, and also contains potassium chloride, sodium chloride and other salts. The contact of aluminum nitride water can release harmful gas ammonia gas to cause the accumulation of aluminum ash slag and the landfill of polluted air. The simple substance aluminum and the aluminum carbide react with water to generate combustible gases of hydrogen and methane respectively, so that the danger of the aluminum ash harmless treatment process is increased and resources are wasted. Soluble salts such as potassium chloride and sodium chloride cause soil and underground water pollution in the process of aluminum ash accumulation and landfill.
At present, the device and the method for harmlessly treating the aluminum ash mainly aim at removing soluble salts in the aluminum ash and recycling ammonia gas generated in the treatment process, and the recycling of combustible gases such as hydrogen, methane and the like in the treatment process is not considered, so that the energy waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system and a working method thereof, which can realize ammonia removal and desalination of aluminum ash and recycle ammonia gas and other combustible gases generated in the treatment process.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for harmlessly treating and recycling aluminum ash, which is characterized by comprising a reaction device, a cooling circulation device, an ammonium sulfate generation device and a gas collection device, which are connected in sequence;
the reaction device comprises a reaction kettle, a heating device and a stirring device, wherein the stirring device comprises a stirring motor fixed at the upper end of the reaction kettle, a stirring shaft connected with the stirring motor through a coupling and a plurality of stirring blades arranged below the stirring shaft, and the heating device is arranged around the reaction kettle and heats the reaction kettle; the reaction kettle comprises a feed inlet and an exhaust pipeline which are arranged at the upper end of the kettle body, a sealing cover is arranged on the feed inlet, and the exhaust pipeline is connected with a cooling circulation device;
the cooling circulation device is obliquely and upwards arranged from the direction of the reaction device to the direction of the ammonium sulfate generating device, and comprises an air outlet channel, a cooling cavity arranged outside the air outlet channel, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are communicated with the cooling cavity, wherein the water outlet pipe is arranged at the upper end position, and the cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of baffling sheets; the lower end of the gas outlet channel is connected with a gas outlet pipe of the reaction kettle, and the upper end of the gas outlet channel is guided into the bottom of the ammonium sulfate generating device through a first gas guide pipe;
a sulfuric acid injection pipeline and an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline are arranged at the lower end of the ammonium sulfate generating device, the sulfuric acid injection pipeline is connected with an external sulfuric acid storage device, and the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline is connected with the external ammonium sulfate storage device; a second air duct is arranged above the ammonium sulfate generating device;
the gas storage device comprises a first gas storage tank and a second gas storage tank, the first gas storage tank is communicated with the second gas guide pipe through a third gas guide pipe, the second gas storage tank is communicated with the second gas guide pipe through a fourth gas guide pipe, the second gas guide pipe, the third gas guide pipe and the fourth gas guide pipe are connected through a three-way connecting piece, a first gas valve is arranged on the third gas guide pipe, a second gas valve is arranged on the fourth gas guide pipe, and an ammonia gas detection device is arranged on the second gas guide pipe.
Further, the inclination angle of the cooling circulation device is 40-50 degrees.
Furthermore, a corrosion-resistant first liquid valve is arranged on the sulfuric acid injection pipeline; the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline is provided with a corrosion-resistant second liquid valve, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the ammonium sulfate generating device.
Further, a first gas pressure detection sensor, a second gas pressure detection sensor and a third gas pressure detection sensor are respectively arranged in the ammonium sulfate generating device, the first gas storage tank and the second gas storage tank.
Furthermore, the stirring blades are divided into 2-3 layers which are uniformly arranged, and each layer is provided with 3-4 stirring blades; the radius ratio of the stirring blade to the inner wall of the kettle body of the reaction kettle along the horizontal direction is 0.4-0.8: 1; the stirring shaft is provided with a semi-open impeller at the lowest part, and the diameter ratio of the semi-open impeller to the inner wall of the kettle body is 0.5-0.8: 1.
furthermore, a plurality of baffle plates are arranged along two sides of a cooling cavity of the cooling circulation device in a staggered mode, and each baffle plate is of a semi-annular structure.
The device further comprises a control device, wherein two pressure alarm signal lamps are arranged on the outer side of the control device, the input end of the control device receives pressure signals from a first gas pressure detection sensor, a second gas pressure detection sensor and a third gas pressure detection sensor, a hydraulic signal from a liquid level sensor and a signal from an ammonia gas detection device, and the output end of the control device is connected with a first liquid valve, a second liquid valve, a heating device, a stirring motor, two pressure alarm signal lamps, a first gas valve and a second gas valve and sends signals to the elements; when the second pressure detection sensor or the third gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, a corresponding pressure alarm signal lamp gives an alarm; when the first gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, the control device controls the first gas valve or the second gas valve to be opened according to the condition detected by the ammonia gas detection device, and gas exhausted by the ammonium sulfate generation device is exhausted into the first gas storage tank or the second gas storage tank; meanwhile, when the ammonia gas detection device detects ammonia gas, the control device controls the second liquid valve to be opened to discharge the finished ammonium sulfate product; when the finished ammonium sulfate product in the ammonium sulfate generating device is discharged, the control device controls the first liquid valve to open to supplement acid liquor, and when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value, the first liquid valve is closed; the control device controls the heating device and the stirring motor to start, and the reaction is accelerated in the reaction device.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a working method of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, opening a sealing cover at a feeding port, adding aluminum ash and reaction liquid into the reaction kettle, and closing the sealing cover; opening the heating device and the stirring motor, carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the aluminum ash in the reaction kettle, connecting an exhaust pipeline of the reaction kettle with an air outlet channel of the cooling circulation device, connecting the air outlet channel with the first air duct, and feeding gas generated in the reaction kettle into the cooling circulation device through the exhaust pipeline;
s2, connecting a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe communicated with a cooling cavity of the cooling circulation device with an external cooling water tank and a cooling water pump, and starting the cooling water pump; after the gas reacted in the step S1 is cooled by the cooling circulation device, the cooled distilled water flows back to the reaction kettle for urgent reaction, and the residual gas enters the ammonium sulfate generating device through the first gas guide pipe;
s3, pre-storing a fixed amount of sulfuric acid solution in the ammonium sulfate generating device, feeding the sulfuric acid solution into the ammonium sulfate generating device through a first air duct, wherein ammonia gas is contained in the ammonium sulfate generating device, the ammonia gas and sulfuric acid in the ammonium sulfate generating device are subjected to ammonium sulfate synthesis, and residual gas which does not participate in the reaction is introduced into a first air storage tank or a second air storage tank through a second air duct;
s4, when the ammonia gas detection device on the second air duct detects whether the passing gas contains ammonia gas, the first air valve or the second air valve is controlled to be opened;
s5, if the ammonia gas detection device detects that ammonia gas exists in the gas, opening the first gas valve, closing the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the first gas storage tank; if the ammonia gas detection device detects that no ammonia gas is discharged, closing the first gas valve, opening the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the second gas storage tank to obtain a combustible mixed gas;
s6, simultaneously, when the ammonia gas detection device detects ammonia gas, controlling a second liquid valve to be opened, and discharging the finished ammonium sulfate from an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline; and after the ammonium sulfate finished product in the ammonium sulfate generating device is discharged, controlling the first liquid valve to open to supplement a new sulfuric acid solution, and closing the first liquid valve when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value.
Further, the reaction liquid in the step S1 is one or more of water, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium oxide and sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the aluminum ash to the reaction liquid is 1:3-10, and the reaction time is 10-200 min.
Furthermore, the first air duct extends into the lower part of the liquid level of the liquid in the ammonium sulfate generating device; the bottom of the second air duct is higher than the liquid level of the liquid in the ammonium sulfate generating device.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the harmless treatment recycling system for the aluminum ash and the working method thereof realize nitrogen removal and desalination of the aluminum ash, recycle ammonia gas and combustible gas generated in the treatment process, and are very important for the harmless treatment and utilization of the aluminum ash in related industries.
(2) The ammonia gas, the hydrogen gas, the methane, the water vapor and other gases generated by the reaction kettle enter the cooling circulation device through the vent to be cooled and dewatered, the cooled water flows back to the reaction kettle, and the water vapor entering the ammonium sulfate generation device is reduced, so that the concentration of the discharged ammonium sulfate is improved.
(3) The invention monitors the pressure condition in the whole reaction system through the first gas pressure detection sensor, the second gas pressure detection sensor and the third gas pressure detection sensor, and ensures the operation under normal pressure; the liquid level sensor provides a signal source for automatic operation, the automation degree is improved, the first liquid valve, the second liquid valve, the first air valve and the second air valve are electromagnetic valves and are controlled by the control device, and the whole system is in an automatic control state and is convenient to use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for harmlessly treating, recycling and utilizing aluminum ash in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooling cycle apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a first gas storage tank; 2. an ammonium sulfate discharge conduit; 3. an ammonium sulfate generating device; 4. a sulfuric acid injection pipe; 5. a water inlet pipe; 6. a heating device; 7. a reaction kettle; 8. a feed inlet; 9. a stirring device; 10. a cooling circulation device; 11. a water outlet pipe; 12. a first air duct; 13. an ammonia gas detection device; 14. a second air valve; 15. a first air valve; 16. a fourth gas-guide tube; 17. a second gas tank; 18. a second air duct; 19. a third air duct; 20. an exhaust duct; 21. an air outlet channel; 22. a cooling chamber; 23. a baffling sheet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the system for harmlessly treating and recycling aluminum ash comprises a reaction device, a cooling circulation device 10, an ammonium sulfate generation device 3 and a gas collection device which are connected in sequence.
The reaction device comprises a reaction kettle 7, a heating device 6 and a stirring device 9, wherein the stirring device 9 comprises a stirring motor fixed at the upper end of the reaction kettle, a stirring shaft connected with the stirring motor through a coupler and a plurality of stirring blades arranged below the stirring shaft, and the heating device 6 is arranged around the reaction kettle 7 and heats the reaction kettle 7; the reaction kettle 7 comprises a feeding port 8 and an exhaust pipeline 20 which are arranged at the upper end of the kettle body, a sealing cover is arranged on the feeding port 8, the sealing cover is opened when feeding is needed, and the sealing cover is closed after feeding; the exhaust duct 20 is connected to the cooling cycle device 10. Preferably, the stirring blades are uniformly distributed in 2-3 layers, and each layer is provided with 3-4 stirring blades; the radius ratio of the stirring blade to the inner wall of the kettle body of the reaction kettle along the horizontal direction is 0.4-0.8: 1; the stirring shaft is provided with a semi-open impeller at the lowest part, and the diameter ratio of the semi-open impeller to the inner wall of the kettle body is 0.5-0.8: 1; the stirring blade realizes high-efficiency stirring, improves the stirring efficiency, is matched with a semi-open impeller, improves the stirring efficiency, and has more sufficient reaction and faster reaction speed.
The cooling circulation device 10 is obliquely and upwards arranged from the direction of the reaction device to the direction of the ammonium sulfate generating device 3, the cooling circulation device 10 comprises an air outlet channel 21, a cooling cavity 22 arranged on the outer side of the air outlet channel 21, a water inlet pipe 5 communicated with the cooling cavity 22 and a water outlet pipe 11, the water outlet pipe 11 is arranged at the upper end position, and the cooling cavity 22 is provided with a plurality of baffle plates 23; the lower end of the air outlet channel 21 is connected with an exhaust pipe of the reaction kettle 7, and the upper end of the air outlet channel 21 is guided into the bottom of the ammonium sulfate generating device 3 through a first air duct. In a further embodiment, the inclination angle of the cooling circulation device 10 is 40 ° to 50 °, and the cooling circulation device 10 is arranged in an inclined manner, so that condensed water cooled by the cooling device naturally flows back to the reaction kettle 7, and the discharge speed of the mixed gas is reduced, so that the mixed gas is sufficiently cooled, and thereby the water vapor entering the ammonium sulfate generation device 3 is reduced. In a further embodiment, a plurality of the baffle plates 23 are arranged in a staggered manner along two sides of the cooling cavity 22 of the cooling cycle device 10, and each of the baffle plates 23 is of a semi-annular structure, so that the cooling effect of the whole cooling cycle device 10 is improved.
A sulfuric acid injection pipeline 4 and an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline 2 are arranged at the lower end of the ammonium sulfate generating device 3, the sulfuric acid injection pipeline 4 is connected with an external sulfuric acid storage device, and the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline 2 is connected with the external ammonium sulfate storage device; a second air duct 18 is arranged above the ammonium sulfate generating device 3. In a further embodiment, said sulphuric acid injection pipe 4 is provided with a first corrosion-resistant liquid valve; ammonium sulfate discharge pipe 2 is provided with an anticorrosive second liquid valve, level sensor has in the ammonium sulfate generates device 3, and level sensor can detect the liquid level in the ammonium sulfate generates the device to in time close first liquid valve, stop the input of sulphuric acid solution, degree of automation is high, convenient to use.
The gas storage device comprises a first gas storage tank 1 and a second gas storage tank 17, the first gas storage tank 1 is communicated with a second gas guide tube 18 through a third gas guide tube 19, the second gas storage tank 17 is communicated with the second gas guide tube 18 through a fourth gas guide tube 16, the second gas guide tube 18, the third gas guide tube 19 and the fourth gas guide tube 16 are in sealing connection through a three-way connecting piece, a first gas valve is arranged on the third gas guide tube 19, a second gas valve is arranged on the fourth gas guide tube 16, and an ammonia gas detection device 13 is arranged on the second gas guide tube 18.
In a further embodiment, a first gas pressure detection sensor, a second gas pressure detection sensor and a third gas pressure detection sensor are respectively disposed in the ammonium sulfate generating apparatus 3, the first gas tank 1 and the second gas tank 17. According to the invention, the gas pressure signal is detected by the first gas pressure detection sensor, the second gas pressure detection sensor and the third gas pressure detection sensor, when the first gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the set pressure, the first gas valve or the second gas valve is opened in time to discharge the gas into the first gas storage tank 1 or the second gas storage tank 17, and when the second gas pressure detection sensor or the third gas pressure detection sensor detects that the gas pressure signal is greater than the set value, the pressure alarm signal lamp gives an alarm to remind that the gas in the first gas storage tank 1 or the second gas storage tank 17 is discharged in time, so that the whole system is ensured to operate in the safe gas pressure, and the use safety performance is improved.
In a further embodiment, the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system further comprises a control device, two pressure alarm signal lamps are arranged on the outer side of the control device, the input end of the control device receives pressure signals from a first gas pressure detection sensor, a second gas pressure detection sensor and a third gas pressure detection sensor, a hydraulic signal from a liquid level sensor and a signal from an ammonia gas detection device 13, and the output end of the control device is connected with a first liquid valve, a second liquid valve, a heating device 6, a stirring motor, two pressure alarm signal lamps, a first gas valve and a second gas valve and sends signals to the components; when the second pressure detection sensor or the third gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, a corresponding pressure alarm signal lamp gives an alarm; when the first gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, the control device controls the first gas valve or the second gas valve to be opened according to the condition detected by the ammonia gas detection device, and gas exhausted by the ammonium sulfate generation device is exhausted into the first gas storage tank or the second gas storage tank; meanwhile, when the ammonia gas detection device detects ammonia gas, the control device controls the second liquid valve to be opened to discharge the finished ammonium sulfate product; when the finished ammonium sulfate product in the ammonium sulfate generating device is discharged, the control device controls the first liquid valve to open to supplement acid liquor, and when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value, the first liquid valve is closed; the control device controls the heating device and the stirring motor to start, and the reaction is accelerated in the reaction device.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a working method of an aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, opening a sealing cover at the feeding port 8, adding aluminum ash and reaction liquid into the reaction kettle 7, and closing the sealing cover; the heating device 6 and the stirring motor are started, the aluminum ash hydrolysis reaction is carried out in the reaction kettle 7, and because the exhaust pipeline 20 of the reaction kettle 7 is connected with the air outlet channel 21 of the cooling circulation device 10, the air outlet channel 21 is connected with the first air duct 12, the mixed gas generated in the reaction kettle 7 enters the cooling circulation device 10 through the exhaust pipeline 20; wherein the reaction liquid is one or more of water, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium oxide and sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the aluminum ash to the reaction liquid is 1:3-10, and the reaction time is 10-200 min. The heating device heats the reaction kettle, so that the reaction speed is improved. The mixed gas discharged in the step comprises ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, methane, water vapor and other gases.
S2, connecting the water inlet pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 11 communicated with the cooling cavity 22 of the cooling circulation device 10 with an external cooling water tank and a cooling water pump, and starting the cooling water pump; after the gas reacted in step S1 is cooled by the cooling circulation device 10, the cooled distilled water flows back to the reaction kettle 7 to be reacted urgently, and the remaining gas enters the ammonium sulfate generating device through the first gas guide tube 12.
S3, a fixed amount of sulfuric acid solution is pre-stored in the ammonium sulfate generating device 3, ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonium sulfate generating device 3 through the first air duct 12, the ammonia gas and the sulfuric acid in the ammonium sulfate generating device 3 are subjected to ammonium sulfate synthesis, and residual gas which does not participate in the reaction is introduced into the first air storage tank 1 or the second air storage tank 17 through the second air duct 18. Wherein, the first air duct 12 extends into the liquid level below the ammonium sulfate generating device 3; the bottom of the second air duct 18 is higher than the liquid level in the ammonium sulfate generating device 3; so as to ensure that the gas introduced by the first gas-guide tube 12 is fully contacted with the sulfuric acid solution in the ammonium sulfate generating device 3 and then fully reacted.
And S4, when the ammonia gas detection device 13 on the second air duct 18 detects whether the passing gas contains ammonia gas, the first air valve or the second air valve is controlled to be opened.
S5, if the ammonia gas detection device 13 detects that ammonia gas exists in the gas, opening the first gas valve, closing the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the first gas storage tank 1; and if the ammonia gas detection device 13 detects that no ammonia gas is discharged, closing the first gas valve, opening the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the second gas storage tank 17 to obtain the combustible mixed gas. Preferably, a mixed gas discharge pipe is connected to the outside of the first tank 1 and the second tank 17 to further separate various gases or perform combustion operation.
S6, simultaneously, when the ammonia gas detection device 13 detects ammonia gas, controlling a second liquid valve to be opened, and discharging the finished ammonium sulfate from the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline 2; and after the ammonium sulfate finished product in the ammonium sulfate generating device 3 is discharged, controlling the first liquid valve to open to supplement a new sulfuric acid solution, and closing the first liquid valve when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A harmless treatment recycling system for aluminum ash is characterized by comprising a reaction device, a cooling circulation device, an ammonium sulfate generation device and a gas collection device which are sequentially connected;
the reaction device comprises a reaction kettle, a heating device and a stirring device, wherein the stirring device comprises a stirring motor fixed at the upper end of the reaction kettle, a stirring shaft connected with the stirring motor through a coupling and a plurality of stirring blades arranged below the stirring shaft, and the heating device is arranged around the reaction kettle and heats the reaction kettle; the reaction kettle comprises a feed inlet and an exhaust pipeline which are arranged at the upper end of the kettle body, a sealing cover is arranged on the feed inlet, and the exhaust pipeline is connected with a cooling circulation device;
the cooling circulation device is obliquely and upwards arranged from the direction of the reaction device to the direction of the ammonium sulfate generating device, and comprises an air outlet channel, a cooling cavity arranged outside the air outlet channel, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are communicated with the cooling cavity, wherein the water outlet pipe is arranged at the upper end position, and the cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of baffling sheets; the lower end of the gas outlet channel is connected with a gas outlet pipe of the reaction kettle, and the upper end of the gas outlet channel is guided into the bottom of the ammonium sulfate generating device through a first gas guide pipe;
a sulfuric acid injection pipeline and an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline are arranged at the lower end of the ammonium sulfate generating device, the sulfuric acid injection pipeline is connected with an external sulfuric acid storage device, and the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline is connected with the external ammonium sulfate storage device; a second air duct is arranged above the ammonium sulfate generating device;
the gas storage device comprises a first gas storage tank and a second gas storage tank, the first gas storage tank is communicated with the second gas guide pipe through a third gas guide pipe, the second gas storage tank is communicated with the second gas guide pipe through a fourth gas guide pipe, the second gas guide pipe, the third gas guide pipe and the fourth gas guide pipe are connected through a three-way connecting piece, a first gas valve is arranged on the third gas guide pipe, a second gas valve is arranged on the fourth gas guide pipe, and an ammonia gas detection device is arranged on the second gas guide pipe.
2. The system for harmlessly treating, recycling and utilizing aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the cooling circulation device is 40-50 °.
3. The system for harmlessly treating and recycling aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein a corrosion-resistant first liquid valve is arranged on the sulfuric acid injection pipeline; the ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline is provided with a corrosion-resistant second liquid valve, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the ammonium sulfate generating device.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ammonium sulfate generating device, the first gas tank and the second gas tank are respectively provided with a first gas pressure detecting sensor, a second gas pressure detecting sensor and a third gas pressure detecting sensor.
5. The system for harmlessly treating, recycling and utilizing aluminum ash according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of stirring blades are uniformly arranged in 2-3 layers, and each layer is provided with 3-4 stirring blades; the radius ratio of the stirring blade to the inner wall of the kettle body of the reaction kettle along the horizontal direction is 0.4-0.8: 1; the stirring shaft is provided with a semi-open impeller at the lowest part, and the diameter ratio of the semi-open impeller to the inner wall of the kettle body is 0.5-0.8: 1.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the baffles are arranged alternately along two sides of the cooling chamber of the cooling circulation device, and each baffle has a semi-annular structure.
7. The aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a control device, wherein two pressure alarm signal lamps are arranged outside the control device, the input end of the control device receives pressure signals from the first gas pressure detection sensor, the second gas pressure detection sensor and the third gas pressure detection sensor, hydraulic signals from the liquid level sensor and signals from the ammonia gas detection device, and the output end of the control device is connected with the first liquid valve, the second liquid valve, the heating device, the stirring motor, the two pressure alarm signal lamps, the first gas valve and the second gas valve and sends signals to the components; when the second pressure detection sensor or the third gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, a corresponding pressure alarm signal lamp gives an alarm; when the first gas pressure detection sensor detects that the pressure is greater than a set value, the control device controls the first gas valve or the second gas valve to be opened according to the condition detected by the ammonia gas detection device, and gas exhausted by the ammonium sulfate generation device is exhausted into the first gas storage tank or the second gas storage tank; meanwhile, when the ammonia gas detection device detects ammonia gas, the control device controls the second liquid valve to be opened to discharge the finished ammonium sulfate product; when the finished ammonium sulfate product in the ammonium sulfate generating device is discharged, the control device controls the first liquid valve to open to supplement acid liquor, and when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value, the first liquid valve is closed; the control device controls the heating device and the stirring motor to start, and the reaction is accelerated in the reaction device.
8. The working method of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following processes:
s1, opening a sealing cover at a feeding port, adding aluminum ash and reaction liquid into the reaction kettle, and closing the sealing cover; opening the heating device and the stirring motor, carrying out hydrolysis reaction on the aluminum ash in the reaction kettle, connecting an exhaust pipeline of the reaction kettle with an air outlet channel of the cooling circulation device, connecting the air outlet channel with the first air duct, and feeding gas generated in the reaction kettle into the cooling circulation device through the exhaust pipeline;
s2, connecting a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe communicated with a cooling cavity of the cooling circulation device with an external cooling water tank and a cooling water pump, and starting the cooling water pump; after the gas reacted in the step S1 is cooled by the cooling circulation device, the cooled distilled water flows back to the reaction kettle for urgent reaction, and the residual gas enters the ammonium sulfate generating device through the first gas guide pipe;
s3, pre-storing a fixed amount of sulfuric acid solution in the ammonium sulfate generating device, feeding the sulfuric acid solution into the ammonium sulfate generating device through a first air duct, wherein ammonia gas is contained in the ammonium sulfate generating device, the ammonia gas and sulfuric acid in the ammonium sulfate generating device are subjected to ammonium sulfate synthesis, and residual gas which does not participate in the reaction is introduced into a first air storage tank or a second air storage tank through a second air duct;
s4, when the ammonia gas detection device on the second air duct detects whether the passing gas contains ammonia gas, the first air valve or the second air valve is controlled to be opened;
s5, if the ammonia gas detection device detects that ammonia gas exists in the gas, opening the first gas valve, closing the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the first gas storage tank; if the ammonia gas detection device detects that no ammonia gas is discharged, closing the first gas valve, opening the second gas valve, and introducing the gas into the second gas storage tank to obtain a combustible mixed gas;
s6, simultaneously, when the ammonia gas detection device detects ammonia gas, controlling a second liquid valve to be opened, and discharging the finished ammonium sulfate from an ammonium sulfate discharge pipeline; and after the ammonium sulfate finished product in the ammonium sulfate generating device is discharged, controlling the first liquid valve to open to supplement a new sulfuric acid solution, and closing the first liquid valve when the liquid level sensor detects that the liquid level reaches a set value.
9. The operating method of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system according to claim 8, wherein the reaction liquid in the step S1 is one or more of water, sodium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium oxide and sodium hydroxide, the mass ratio of the aluminum ash to the reaction liquid is 1:3-10, and the reaction time is 10-200 min.
10. The working method of the aluminum ash harmless treatment recycling system according to claim 8, wherein the first gas guide pipe extends into the liquid level below the liquid level in the ammonium sulfate generating device; the bottom of the second air duct is higher than the liquid level of the liquid in the ammonium sulfate generating device.
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