CN111802195A - 一种水稻种植方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻种植方法 Download PDF

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CN111802195A
CN111802195A CN202010756290.8A CN202010756290A CN111802195A CN 111802195 A CN111802195 A CN 111802195A CN 202010756290 A CN202010756290 A CN 202010756290A CN 111802195 A CN111802195 A CN 111802195A
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rice
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王明娥
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水稻种植方法，包括如下步骤：S1、选择优质的水稻田，并对其进行预处理；S2、选取优质水稻种并进行浸种、催芽和育苗；S3、在28‑33℃的温度条件下破胸催芽，破胸漏白后，在幼苗5‑6叶龄期移栽之前，在不喷药的条件下于苗期观察幼苗叶片的病害情况，选取健康、长势良好的种苗插入水稻田，秧苗以30cm×30cm的间距插入水稻田，插秧深度为4‑5cm；S4、在插秧3天后进行添加肥料，于分蘖高峰期进行第一次追肥，在主穗孕育穗粒时进行第二次追肥，并进行田间管理即可。本发明降低水稻苗病虫害风险，提高水稻苗的质量，为水稻生长提供充足的养分，提高水稻存活率；通过在水稻生长的不同时期进行施肥和田间管理，有利于提高水稻产量，增加收益。

Description

一种水稻种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于水稻种植技术领域，更具体地说，尤其涉及一种水稻种植方法。
背景技术
我国水稻主产区主要是东北地区、长江流域，珠江流域，属于直接经济作物，是世界上三分之一人类的主食。在水稻种植或者培育过程中，水稻病虫害，是严重影响水稻稳产高产和品质优化制约水稻增产潜能的发挥，是严重威胁水稻安全种植的主要自然灾害，对水稻的的高产稳产具有重要影响；水稻的不同生长期间的施肥以及田间管理不到位，造成产量较低，为此，我们提出一种水稻种植方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点，而提出的一种水稻种植方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种水稻种植方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、选择优质的水稻田，并对其进行预处理；
S2、选取优质水稻种并进行浸种、催芽和育苗；
S3、在28-33℃的温度条件下破胸催芽，破胸漏白后，在幼苗5-6叶龄期移栽之前，在不喷药的条件下于苗期观察幼苗叶片的病害情况，选取健康、长势良好的种苗插入水稻田，秧苗以30cm×30cm的间距插入水稻田，插秧深度为4-5cm；
S4、在插秧3天后进行添加肥料，于分蘖高峰期进行第一次追肥，在主穗孕育穗粒时进行第二次追肥，并进行田间管理即可。
优选的，所述步骤S1中预处理的具体步骤为：选择土层深厚且疏松，灌溉方便，排水良好的地块，冬季对其进行深翻，同时向其中添加底肥，注水后，使用钉耙耕耙3-4遍；
使得水深3-5cm，确保水稻田中田泥含水量为80%后，调节pH值为5.3-6；
次年四月份左右，水稻田中投入保水剂10-26kg/亩以及促根剂3-3.5kg/亩，然后旋耕后备用。
优选的，所述底肥包括31-39％氮肥、20-30％磷肥、20-32％钾肥；所述保水剂为麦饭石粉、沸石粉和石灰氮中的一种以上物质；所述促根剂为萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的混合物，所述萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的比例为1∶2∶1∶3∶3。
优选的，所述步骤S2中选取优质水稻种的具体步骤为：将优质水稻种子置于阳光下晒2-3天后，筛选出外形饱满的种子。
优选的，所述步骤S2中浸种的具体步骤为：选取种子浸种药物的200-320倍稀释水溶液，浸种2-5d，然后捞出用清水冲洗后控干备用；所述浸种药物为杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵的混合物，杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵比例为3∶2∶5。
优选的，所述步骤S2中育苗的具体步骤为：将育苗床土完全浸润，铺撒一层有调配剂，然后将种子均匀撒在育苗床上，再于上部覆盖一层床土，洒入温水浸润后使用地膜覆盖；所述调配剂包括腐熟牛粪10-12份、秸秆5-8份、枯草芽孢杆菌2-3份、酵母菌1-3份、黑曲霉1-2份、米曲霉1-1.5份、沸石8-15份、硫酸铵4-6份和多效唑2-3份。
优选的，所述田间管理包括：
稻田水管理：在插秧至缓苗期，灌溉4-5cm深水层护苗，在分蘖前期保持稻田3cm潜水层，在分蘖后期采用干湿交替灌溉，并且及时排水晒田，同时在抽穗前5-10天采用3-4cm浅水层灌溉，孕穗期间采用10cm深水层灌溉，其余时间采用间歇湿润灌溉；
防虫害管理：在秧苗分蘖期，喷洒一次生态抗虫剂，后检查水稻是否受到虫害，断定虫害种类，及时使用对应农药；
稻田除草管理：在人工除草的基础上辅助以化学除草剂，于插秧7天后采用本噻草胺和苄嘧磺隆对稻田进行杂草防治。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种水稻种植方法，与传统技术相比，该方法通过对水稻种的浸种、催芽和育苗，实现水稻种至水稻苗期间的进一步择优筛选，降低水稻苗病虫害风险，提高水稻苗的质量，有利于提高水稻移栽至水稻田后的健康生长，提高产量；
通过对优质的水稻田的预处理，有利于对水稻田土壤内残留的害虫及其虫卵和杂草杀死，向其中添加底肥、保水剂和促根剂，促进水稻生根，为水稻生长提供充足的养分，提高水稻存活率；
通过在水稻生长的不同时期进行施肥和田间管理，有利于提高水稻产量，增加收益。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种水稻种植方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、选择优质的水稻田，并对其进行预处理；
S2、选取优质水稻种并进行浸种、催芽和育苗；
S3、在28-33℃的温度条件下破胸催芽，破胸漏白后，在幼苗5-6叶龄期移栽之前，在不喷药的条件下于苗期观察幼苗叶片的病害情况，选取健康、长势良好的种苗插入水稻田，秧苗以30cm×30cm的间距插入水稻田，插秧深度为4-5cm；
S4、在插秧3天后进行添加肥料，于分蘖高峰期进行第一次追肥，在主穗孕育穗粒时进行第二次追肥，并进行田间管理即可。
具体的，所述步骤S1中预处理的具体步骤为：选择土层深厚且疏松，灌溉方便，排水良好的地块，冬季对其进行深翻，同时向其中添加底肥，注水后，使用钉耙耕耙3-4遍；
使得水深3-5cm，确保水稻田中田泥含水量为80%后，调节pH值为5.3-6；
次年四月份左右，水稻田中投入保水剂10-26kg/亩以及促根剂3-3.5kg/亩，然后旋耕后备用。
具体的，所述底肥包括31-39％氮肥、20-30％磷肥、20-32％钾肥；所述保水剂为麦饭石粉、沸石粉和石灰氮中的一种以上物质；所述促根剂为萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的混合物，所述萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的比例为1∶2∶1∶3∶3。
具体的，所述步骤S2中选取优质水稻种的具体步骤为：将优质水稻种子置于阳光下晒2-3天后，筛选出外形饱满的种子。
具体的，所述步骤S2中浸种的具体步骤为：选取种子浸种药物的200-320倍稀释水溶液，浸种2-5d，然后捞出用清水冲洗后控干备用；所述浸种药物为杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵的混合物，杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵比例为3∶2∶5。
具体的，所述步骤S2中育苗的具体步骤为：将育苗床土完全浸润，铺撒一层有调配剂，然后将种子均匀撒在育苗床上，再于上部覆盖一层床土，洒入温水浸润后使用地膜覆盖；所述调配剂包括腐熟牛粪10-12份、秸秆5-8份、枯草芽孢杆菌2-3份、酵母菌1-3份、黑曲霉1-2份、米曲霉1-1.5份、沸石8-15份、硫酸铵4-6份和多效唑2-3份。
具体的，所述田间管理包括：
稻田水管理：在插秧至缓苗期，灌溉4-5cm深水层护苗，在分蘖前期保持稻田3cm潜水层，在分蘖后期采用干湿交替灌溉，并且及时排水晒田，同时在抽穗前5-10天采用3-4cm浅水层灌溉，孕穗期间采用10cm深水层灌溉，其余时间采用间歇湿润灌溉；
防虫害管理：在秧苗分蘖期，喷洒一次生态抗虫剂，后检查水稻是否受到虫害，断定虫害种类，及时使用对应农药；
稻田除草管理：在人工除草的基础上辅助以化学除草剂，于插秧7天后采用本噻草胺和苄嘧磺隆对稻田进行杂草防治。
综上所述：本发明提供的一种水稻种植方法，与传统技术相比，该方法通过对水稻种的浸种、催芽和育苗，实现水稻种至水稻苗期间的进一步择优筛选，降低水稻苗病虫害风险，提高水稻苗的质量，有利于提高水稻移栽至水稻田后的健康生长，提高产量；
通过对优质的水稻田的预处理，有利于对水稻田土壤内残留的害虫及其虫卵和杂草杀死，向其中添加底肥、保水剂和促根剂，促进水稻生根，为水稻生长提供充足的养分，提高水稻存活率；
通过在水稻生长的不同时期进行施肥和田间管理，有利于提高水稻产量，增加收益。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
S1、选择优质的水稻田，并对其进行预处理；
S2、选取优质水稻种并进行浸种、催芽和育苗；
S3、在28-33℃的温度条件下破胸催芽，破胸漏白后，在幼苗5-6叶龄期移栽之前，在不喷药的条件下于苗期观察幼苗叶片的病害情况，选取健康、长势良好的种苗插入水稻田，秧苗以30cm×30cm的间距插入水稻田，插秧深度为4-5cm；
S4、在插秧3天后进行添加肥料，于分蘖高峰期进行第一次追肥，在主穗孕育穗粒时进行第二次追肥，并进行田间管理即可。
2.权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中预处理的具体步骤为：选择土层深厚且疏松，灌溉方便，排水良好的地块，冬季对其进行深翻，同时向其中添加底肥，注水后，使用钉耙耕耙3-4遍；
使得水深3-5cm，确保水稻田中田泥含水量为80%后，调节pH值为5.3-6；
次年四月份左右，水稻田中投入保水剂10-26kg/亩以及促根剂3-3.5kg/亩，然后旋耕后备用。
3.权利要求2所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述底肥包括31-39％氮肥、20-30％磷肥、20-32％钾肥；所述保水剂为麦饭石粉、沸石粉和石灰氮中的一种以上物质；所述促根剂为萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的混合物，所述萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、胺鲜酯、多效唑和海藻酸钠的比例为1∶2∶1∶3∶3。
4.权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中选取优质水稻种的具体步骤为：将优质水稻种子置于阳光下晒2-3天后，筛选出外形饱满的种子。
5.权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中浸种的具体步骤为：选取种子浸种药物的200-320倍稀释水溶液，浸种2-5d，然后捞出用清水冲洗后控干备用；所述浸种药物为杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵的混合物，杀螟松、噻虫嗪咪酰胺和多菌灵比例为3∶2∶5。
6.权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中育苗的具体步骤为：将育苗床土完全浸润，铺撒一层有调配剂，然后将种子均匀撒在育苗床上，再于上部覆盖一层床土，洒入温水浸润后使用地膜覆盖；所述调配剂包括腐熟牛粪10-12份、秸秆5-8份、枯草芽孢杆菌2-3份、酵母菌1-3份、黑曲霉1-2份、米曲霉1-1.5份、沸石8-15份、硫酸铵4-6份和多效唑2-3份。
7.权利要求1所述的一种水稻种植方法，其特征在于：所述田间管理包括：
稻田水管理：在插秧至缓苗期，灌溉4-5cm深水层护苗，在分蘖前期保持稻田3cm潜水层，在分蘖后期采用干湿交替灌溉，并且及时排水晒田，同时在抽穗前5-10天采用3-4cm浅水层灌溉，孕穗期间采用10cm深水层灌溉，其余时间采用间歇湿润灌溉；
防虫害管理：在秧苗分蘖期，喷洒一次生态抗虫剂，后检查水稻是否受到虫害，断定虫害种类，及时使用对应农药；
稻田除草管理：在人工除草的基础上辅助以化学除草剂，于插秧7天后采用本噻草胺和苄嘧磺隆对稻田进行杂草防治。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113439628A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-09-28 盘锦稻锦香种业有限公司 一种提高大米质量的种植方法
CN115380779A (zh) * 2022-08-08 2022-11-25 扬州市农业技术综合服务中心(扬州市种子产品质量检验站) 一种平衡施肥的机插水稻栽培方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113439628A (zh) * 2021-07-19 2021-09-28 盘锦稻锦香种业有限公司 一种提高大米质量的种植方法
CN115380779A (zh) * 2022-08-08 2022-11-25 扬州市农业技术综合服务中心(扬州市种子产品质量检验站) 一种平衡施肥的机插水稻栽培方法

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